Edinete Maria Rosa

Concepções de professores sobre inclusão escolar e interações em ambiente inclusivo: uma revisão da literatura

A educacao inclusiva tem sido um desafio para diferentes profissionais que trabalham na promocao do desenvolvimento de alunos com deficiencia. Estes tem a escola como um espaco fundamental para promover o desenvolvimento social, emocional e academico, a partir de oportunidades de vivencias estimuladoras da interacao e mediacao para a aprendizagem de significados e sentidos e que contribuem para processos de resiliencia. Este estudo analisou o conteudo de publicacoes nacionais da ultima decada (2000-2010) sobre concepcoes de professores a respeito da inclusao de alunos com alguma necessidade educativa especial (NEE) e interacoes no contexto educacional inclusivo, tambem identificando fatores facilitadores e impeditivos da efetivacao das diretrizes educacionais existentes. Apos busca sistematica na Biblioteca Virtual em Saude - Psicologia (BVS-PSI), com as palavras-chave: professor, educacao inclusiva, interacao, educacao especial, escola, aprendizagem, concepcoes, deficiencia intelectual, mediacao, desenvolvimento e relacionamento, 29 artigos foram recuperados e lidos na integra. Verificou-se um predominio de autores da area da Psicologia e de coletas de dados realizadas via entrevista e questionario. Os estudos apresentaram concepcoes sobre deficiencia ligadas a caracteristicas individuais que causam limitacoes. A falta de apoio de equipe especializada, de materiais didaticos e assistivos, de formacao e preparo foram apontados como principais fatores que dificultam a efetivacao dos principios inclusivos. A literatura mostra a necessidade de capacitacao dos professores. Diante disso, sugerem-se novos estudos sobre a saude do professor e suas concepcoes sobre a inclusao escolar, alem da necessidade de intervencoes escolares baseadas na problematizacao dos determinantes sociais e historicos associados as deficiencias apresentadas e ao mal-estar docente.

Contextos ecológicos em uma instituição de acolhimento para crianças

This research aimed at examining the daily life of a host institution for children, from birth to six years old, located in the state of Espirito Santo (Brazil). It also aimed at understanding the factors involved in the psychosocial development of children in residential care. The work is based on the Bioecological Human Development theory and on the methodological procedure of ecological engagement. In this article, among the nuclei presented by the theory, the priority is the analysis of the core context. Results showed that several aspects of daily life in the institution contribute to the psychosocial development of children - such as offering institutional conditions that lead to opportunities of healthy interaction with caregivers and other children, as well as the promotion of environmental experiences on several levels -, and it expands and strengthens the network of social support of the children and their families.

Conhecendo um programa de liberdade assistida pela percepção de seus operadores

This article is based on research that aimed to know the perception the operators who work with the social-educative measures of the assisted liberty house Casa Sol Nascente have about their program, that has succeeded in following the adolescents in conflict with the law since it works with the teens in an open environment, preserving the conviviality of the family and the community, just as established by ECA. The program has been receiving good evaluation from its participants and families. The results will be presented based on some aspects which were considered more relevant in the interviews: the staff, the negative and the positive aspects of the program, the concepts of adolescence and of the adolescents in conflict with the law, the pedagogic proposal of the program, the conception of emancipation, ressocialization and teenage protagonism that guide the activities developed in the program.

ATO INFRACIONAL E MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA: REPRESENTAÇÕES DE ADOLESCENTES EM L.A.

The research has analised social representations of infraction and socio-educational measures in adolescents in conflict with the law. It has been used, as theoretical and methodological contribution, the Theory of Social Representations. Forty-six adolescents, who were serving for more than three months the measure of probation, have participated in the survey. Data were collected through interviews with a semi-structured screenplay and have consisted of the technique of free evocation, using the terms infraction and socio-educational measure. It has used the software EVOC for analysis of evocations issued. The results suggest the socio-economic status of adolescents: low family income, low educational level, place of residence precarious, African ethnicity predominant and distance from the religion. Social representations of infraction were related to the types of infractions and theirs causes and consequences. The social representations of socio-educational measures were related to the positive actions that, besides learning, there was the possibility of change.

O processo de desligamento de adolescentes em acolhimento institucional

This study aimed to observe the development of eight adolescents, four girls and four boys, in two host institutions and their process of getting out of the institution. We conducted a longitudinal study based on the methodological procedure of ecological engagement, using notes concerning the observations, informal conversations and interviews. The results were organized into thematic categories and analyzed based on the Bioecological Human Development theory. Although most adolescents have reported positive feelings and preserved contact with at least one family member, family reintegration was difficult even with the efforts of the institutions technical staff. It is concluded that, besides the difficulty of closer relations between caregivers and some of the youngsters, demonstrated by the escape of four participants, another obstacle is the difficulty of families in overcoming their material needs and relationship conflicts.

O processo de reinserção familiar sob a ótica das equipes técnicas das instituições de acolhimento

Foster care professionals have encountered diffi culties in their attempt to promote the reinsertion of children and adolescents with their families within their own community. This fact alone is what forces those young persons to remain in foster care institutions for a longer period of time than is thought advisable. This, in turn, triggers off a great number of negative impacts on the development of those youths as human beings. As regards the process of family reinsertion, this paper investigated the technical teams of six foster care institutions located in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Two focus groups were conducted, 1 Endereço para correspondência: Rua Amélia Tartuce Nasser, 980/502, Jardim da Penha, Vitória, ES, Brasil 29060-110. E-mail: carolina_psicologa@hotmail.com Apoio Financeiro: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Este artigo faz parte da dissertação de mestrado de autoria de Carolina Oliveira de Brito, sob orientação da profa Edinete Maria Rosa, e colaboração da profa Zeidi Araújo Trindade. Brito, C. O., Rosa, E. M., Trindade, Z. A. 402 with the participation of 12 technicians. The ecological insertion technique was also used, and the data were all recorded in a Field Journal. The results indicate credibility and involvement of the technicians in the reinsertion process despite all these diffi culties: the non-adherence of the families to the family support program; the lack of understanding of some of the network’s components as regards extended families; the family’s insuffi ciency of fi nancial resources; and the overvaluation of the institution as the ideal environment where their children can stay. Questioning the notion that all families are nuclear, encouraging improvements in the interaction between foster care institutions and the support network, and applying the principle of brevity are the major challenges that technical teams have to face in order to effi ciently promote family reinsertion.Foster care professionals have encountered diffi culties in their attempt to promote the reinsertion of children and adolescents with their families within their own community. This fact alone is what forces those young persons to remain in foster care institutions for a longer period of time than is thought advisable. This, in turn, triggers off a great number of negative impacts on the development of those youths as human beings. As regards the process of family reinsertion, this paper investigated the technical teams of six foster care institutions located in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Two focus groups were conducted, 1 Endereço para correspondência: Rua Amélia Tartuce Nasser, 980/502, Jardim da Penha, Vitória, ES, Brasil 29060-110. E-mail: carolina_psicologa@hotmail.com Apoio Financeiro: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). Este artigo faz parte da dissertação de mestrado de autoria de Carolina Oliveira de Brito, sob orientação da profa Edinete Maria Rosa, e colaboração da profa Zeidi Araújo Trindade. Brito, C. O., Rosa, E. M., Trindade, Z. A. 402 with the participation of 12 technicians. The ecological insertion technique was also used, and the data were all recorded in a Field Journal. The results indicate credibility and involvement of the technicians in the reinsertion process despite all these diffi culties: the non-adherence of the families to the family support program; the lack of understanding of some of the network’s components as regards extended families; the family’s insuffi ciency of fi nancial resources; and the overvaluation of the institution as the ideal environment where their children can stay. Questioning the notion that all families are nuclear, encouraging improvements in the interaction between foster care institutions and the support network, and applying the principle of brevity are the major challenges that technical teams have to face in order to effi ciently promote family reinsertion.

Urban violence, insecurity and fear: the need for collective strategies

A pesquisa objetivou conhecer as estrategias de combate a violencia urbana propostas por moradores de um bairro situado em uma regiao metropolitana brasileira. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas com nove moradores que residiam no bairro, por pelo menos dez anos, orientadas por um roteiro semiestruturado e tambem por meio de um seminario promovido pelos pesquisadores com a participacao de catorze moradores. As informacoes obtidas foram sistematizadas atraves de analise de conteudo e revelaram a existencia de sentimentos de medo e inseguranca bem como a predominância de estrategias individuais para o combate a violencia no bairro. Alem disso, verificou-se que a participacao coletiva mobilizada pelos problemas enfrentados pelos moradores e fragil e necessita ser estimulada visando a construcao de solucoes mais duradouras, preservando-se a utilizacao dos espacos publicos por todos e o estado de direito.

Erupção do primeiro dente decíduo em lactentes nascidos pré-termo: acompanhamento de 12 meses

Objective: To analyze the eruption age of the first deciduous tooth of preterm infants from the neonatal intensive care unit and to relate with natal and postnatal factors. Material and method: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted with infants from neonatal intensive care units (n=215). The inclusion criterion was prematurity and exclusion was the unavailability for follow-up and newborns with congenital syndromes/malformations, with 62 participants remaining. The exam was performed by a single operator. Data were processed by SPSS and by descriptive and comparative statistics. Result: When considering the chronological age, only one infant presented erupted lower incisors at 6 months. Eruption delay (60%) can be verified when compared to the standard reported in the literature. However, when analyzed by adjusted age for prematurity, this delay was less frequent (32%). Among the natal and postnatal factors, the eruption delay was not related to birth weight, gestational age, sex, breastfeeding, finger/pacifier sucking, maternal schooling and family income. The greatest frequency of eruption delay by adjusted age occurred in cases in which the infant was considered small for the gestational age (p=0.006). Conclusion: The eruption of the first deciduous tooth in preterm infants presented with delay, when assessed by chronological age. However, there was no delay when the corrected age for prematurity was used. Among the natal and postnatal factors, only the weight/gestational age relationship influenced the age of eruption. Descriptors: Tooth eruption; tooth, deciduous; infant, premature. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2018 May-June; 47(3): 168-174 Erupção do primeiro dente... 169 169/174

O convívio de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação com a equipe técnica

O objetivo deste artigo e caracterizar o convivio de adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internacao com a equipe tecnica, a partir da perspectiva dos adolescentes. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez adolescentes, entre 16 e 18 anos, internos em uma unidade socioeducativa em Porto Alegre. Um diario de campo tambem foi preenchido a partir das idas a campo. Os dados foram tratados a partir de uma analise tematica e interpretados com base na Teoria Bioecologica do Desenvolvimento Humano. A precariedade da infraestrutura, o numero insuficiente de tecnicos e a pressao do poder judiciario foram identificados como elementos contextuais que interferiam negativamente sobre os processos proximais entre adolescentes e tecnicos. Ainda assim, verificaram-se elementos de reciprocidade e aprendizagem que indicavam o estabelecimento de processos proximais. Investimentos em recursos humanos e materiais e a regulamentacao das demandas juridicas podem favorecer o desenvolvimento de processos proximais entre adolescentes e equipe tecnica.

CONHECIMENTOS SOBRE BENEFÍCIOS DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E DESVANTAGENS DA CHUPETA RELACIONADOS À PRÁTICA DAS MÃES AO LIDAR COM RECÉM-NASCIDOS PRÉ-TERMO.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and expectations of mothers of preterm newborn infants admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit about breastfeeding and pacifier use, and to analyze their experience in dealing with the sucking urge in the first months of life. Methods: Mothers were interviewed during hospitalization of the newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit and when the infant was six months old. All mothers with availability to participate in the study were included. Exclusion criteria comprised infants with syndromes and neurological disorders and mothers with cognitive impairment, depression, and drug users. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software, with descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Sixty-two mothers were interviewed in the beginning and 52 at a six-month follow-up. Mothers’ expectations concerning breastfeeding were positive when they listed the benefits to the mother (90.3%) and infant (100%). However, they had difficulties maintaining exclusive breastfeeding and used the baby bottle (75.0%), which most mothers (69.4%) had already acquired before the infant was born. The fact of having a pacifier in the infant’s layette (43.6%) did not influence its use (p=0.820). This also occurred among mothers who said they would not offer the pacifier due to disadvantages to the mother (80.7%) and infant (96.8%). The previous expectation that the pacifier could bring benefits for mother and infant did not affect its use (p=0.375 and p=0.158). Conclusions: Mothers demonstrated prior knowledge about breastfeeding benefits and disadvantages of the pacifiers. However, they changed their view when dealing with the infant and introduced bottles and pacifiers.