Lídio de Souza

Mulheres (in)subordinadas: o empoderamento feminino e suas repercussões nas ocorrências de violência conjugal

On this article, the effects of gendering conception and gender roles practices on violence (physical, psychological and sexual) against spouses are explored. Four women that had registered declaration of suffering physical abuse from their partners and that still live with them were interview based on a script with search for personal data and information about marital relationship, men and women conceptions. Interviews were submitted to Alceste software, that was the Content Analysis used as a complementary method analysis. Data show that gendering traditional conceptions and insubordination acts share places (such as paid work, friendships, and judgments about sexual life). These aspects, signal of women empowerment, are related to partners’ aggressiveness, which were excluded of feminist debates and are trying to protect their masculinity by using violence to suppress feminine manifestations of power.

Identidade social em movimento: a comunidade japonesa na grande Vitória (ES)

The objective of the present work was to identify the social identity of Japanese residents in the Greater Vitoria area (State of Espirito Santo, Brazil), from discourses about the group itself and its everyday relations, also verifying the existence of indications of prejudice or discriminatory treatment. Twenty subjects, Japanese or descendants, from both sexes, young and adult, participated in the research. Data was collected through interviews that explored the following themes: dating and conjugality, aesthetic patterns, prejudice and stereotype, social identity and adaptation. The results indicated the existence of similarities and differences with respect to the identity of Capixaba Japanese (Capixaba being the designation of people from Espirito Santo state), defined through comparison with the identitarian characteristics of Japanese in other states.

Representações sociais de policiais civis sobre profissionalização

O estudo objetivou identificar as representacoes sociais sobre a profissionalizacao de policiais civis e suas relacoes com o incremento e a manutencao do Estado democratico. Foram aplicados questionarios semi-estruturados a uma amostra de agentes e investigadores de policia, focalizando a profissionalizacao nos niveis pessoal, institucional e politico. Os elementos representacionais identificados foram: 1) a falta de investimento na instituicao; 2) a subserviencia da policia aos interesses de grupos politicos conservadores; 3) a profissionalizacao como aquisicao de conteudos tecnicos que objetivam o ganho pecuniario e a categorizacao criminal de segmentos socialmente excluidos. O estudo conclui que esses elementos atuam como obstaculos para a implantacao e a manutencao do Estado de direito no Espirito Santo.

O cidadão policial militar e sua visão da relação polícia-sociedade

Este artigo relata os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as percepcoes de policiais militares em relacao ao ingresso na carreira policial; a visao da populacao sobre a atividade policial; a aspectos polemicos da relacao policia-sociedade; as sugestoes para a melhoria do desempenho da instituicao policial. Cem policiais militares homens, entre 20 e 52 anos, com tempo de servico entre um e 15 ou mais anos, responderam um questionario com diversas questoes abertas e fechadas sobre cada um dos temas. Os resultados confirmaram a percepcao da visao negativa da sociedade em relacao a atividade policial e revelaram que a percepcao de situacoes contraditorias e paradoxais nao garante a compreensao de suas multiplas determinacoes, tanto que as sugestoes de melhorias restringiram-se ao âmbito da propria instituicao. Os resultados evidenciaram o predominio, entre os policiais, de uma concepcao nao-questionadora da organizacao social e, por extensao, da relacao policia-sociedade.

Direitos humanos e representação de justiça

The aim of the present paper was to identify the elements that constitute the social representations of university students concerning various aspects of the application of justice. A scale of 50 statements about such aspects was employed with three groups: formed by Samples of freshmen and senior Law students participated in groups 1 and 2 , respectivelly. The third group was formed by freshmen from other courses at Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Brazil. The results revealed liberal representations towards Punishment, Offender, and Law, and ambivalent representations to Crime. Justice elicited liberal representations by groups 1 and 2, whereas group 3 showed more ambivalence. The idea that rights must be fully guaranteed, together with the rejection of parallel forms of justice, seems to indicate important qualitative changes in the mindset of future judicial administrators, contributing to the construction of judicial practices with greater social meaning.

Princípios Organizadores das Representações de Rural e Cidade

From the analysis of the anchorage process, the study was designed to assess the principles that organize the positions taken by members of a rural group faced with rural/city representations. 200 representatives of four generations of a brazilian rural community took part in the study. The script for the interview was made up of questions which focused on: (1) socio-demographic data relating to sex, age, generation groups and previous experience of living in urban areas; (2) contact with prejudice, life expectancy in the city for non-migrants and recommendations on life in the city from participants who have already lived in urban areas; (3) rural social values; and (4) free evocations associated with objects of rural-urban representation. The results, synthesized using Content Analysis and SPAD-T software, indicated the presence of three organizing principles of the meaning of rural vs. city objects: natural world vs. artificial world, happy life vs. bad live and almost self-sufficient vs. resource centred. The function of the process of social identity, which aims to preserve the rural community way of life and guarantees the survival of its sociability through new generations, is discussed.

Das categorias aos grupos sociais: representações sociais dos grupos urbano e rural

This study was guided by reflections centred n the relation between the elaboration of the representational field and the process of social identification, in relation to rurality and urbanity. Two objects, which are part of the relevant social categories and their related social groups, “rural people” and “city people”, were utilized for this end. The corpora of data, which was processed by using the EVOC-2003 software, was collected from interviews with 200 members, representing four generations of a rural community, and aged from 07 to 81 years old, by means of free association. The results indicated that representations of the ingroup are based on positive stereotypes while representations of the outgroup reflect a negative image of townspeople, a dynamic which suggests an evaluative field supported by the ideology of, respectively, a group with humanitarian values as opposed to a group identified with the capitalist values. The function of the representational field in maintaining the positive social identity of the rural group is discussed.As reflexoes que conduziram o estudo focalizaram a referencia entre a elaboracao do campo representacional e o processo de identificacao social referentes a ruralidade e a urbanidade. Esse proposito serviu-se de dois objetos que integram as categorias sociais de interesse e os grupos sociais vinculados, pessoas do meio rural e pessoas da cidade. Os corpora de dados, processados atraves do software EVOC- 2003, foram coletados por meio da tecnica da associacao livre a partir de entrevistas com 200 integrantes de quatro geracoes de uma comunidade rural, com idades entre 07 e 81 anos. Os resultados indicaram que as representacoes sobre o endogrupo estao fundamentadas em estereotipos positivos, enquanto as representacoes sobre o exogrupo retratam a imagem dos citadinos como negativa, dinâmica que sugere um campo valorativo sustentado na ideologia, respectivamente, de um grupo com valores humanitarios versus um grupo referenciado por valores capitalistas. Discute-se a funcao identitaria do campo representacional para a manutencao da identidade social positiva do grupo rural.

Os dilemas da nomeação: prostituição infanto-juvenil e conceitos relacionados

Based on a brief review of the bibliography, this paper relates some of the main controversies related to the labeling of the phenomenon of female child and adolescent prostitution. In the last two decades, the phenomenon has gone through a reinterpretation, being reduced to an image of victimization and the social marginalization of sexually exploited children and adolescents. The paper examines if the homogenized picture that this image presents assumes a considerable level of stigmatization and is condensed into a stereotyped form of production of knowledge that reinforces the idea of submission in these subjects. The article looks to bring new content to the phenomenon, by presenting a psychosocial analysis that seeks to contribute to the critical discussion concerning the productions that have child and adolescent prostitution as their object of study.

Urban violence, insecurity and fear: the need for collective strategies

A pesquisa objetivou conhecer as estrategias de combate a violencia urbana propostas por moradores de um bairro situado em uma regiao metropolitana brasileira. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas realizadas com nove moradores que residiam no bairro, por pelo menos dez anos, orientadas por um roteiro semiestruturado e tambem por meio de um seminario promovido pelos pesquisadores com a participacao de catorze moradores. As informacoes obtidas foram sistematizadas atraves de analise de conteudo e revelaram a existencia de sentimentos de medo e inseguranca bem como a predominância de estrategias individuais para o combate a violencia no bairro. Alem disso, verificou-se que a participacao coletiva mobilizada pelos problemas enfrentados pelos moradores e fragil e necessita ser estimulada visando a construcao de solucoes mais duradouras, preservando-se a utilizacao dos espacos publicos por todos e o estado de direito.

Representação social de capixaba: identidade em processo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social identification process through the analysis of the Social Representations of Capixaba and State of Espirito Santo to dwellers of that territory. The participants were 60 people who were born and were currently living in the State, (18 to 64 years old). Data from the technique of free association and questions regarding the relation individual-territory were organized, respectively, through EVOC and Content Analysis. The State was represented by traditional symbols and elements that strengthen a positive image and the representations of Capixaba expresses the relationship between the individuals with the local history and culture, holding ambiguities that indicate the recent construction of a social identity associated with this territory. It is discussed the representational field and the identification dynamic as processes that objectify the construction of meanings that give the territorial sphere the symbolic dimension of belonging to the capixaba social group.