Edson Shigueaki Nomura

Resíduos da agroindústria de chá preto como substrato para produção de mudas de hortaliças

This research was aimed at determining the effects of black tea industry residues as substrate on germination and growth of lettuce, tomato and cucumber. For such, germination and growth assays were carried out using, respectively, aqueous extract and different types of residues. In the germination assays, seeds were placed in trays on filter paper humidified with water or aqueous extract in the concentrations of 1, 5 and 10%. In the growth assays, seeds were placed in trays containing: 1. vermiculite; 2. decomposed residue plus vermiculite; 3. decomposed residue and 4. crude residue washed plus vermiculite. The decomposed residue was obtained from crude residue decomposition process and the crude residue washed from crude residue washing in water. For the assays were adopted the randomized completely experimental design with four treatments and four repetitions of thirty seeds each. The results indicated that aqueous extract inhibited the seeds germination and seedlings growth of lettuce, tomato and cucumber. The crude residue washed plus vermiculite also reduced the seedlings emergency. On the other hand, the decomposed residue and decomposed residue plus vermiculite stimulated the seedlings emergency and growth. The decomposition process possibilited the use of black tea industry residue as substrate for seedlings growing of vegetable crops.

Aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira ‘Grand Naine’ com aplicação de biofertilizantes em duas estações do ano

and RUTER AA on the development of micropropagated banana seedlings produced in commercialseedling nurseries. Seedlings of cv . Grand Naine were obtained via micropropagation and subsequently transplantedinto black polyethylene bags (1.5 L) containing subsurface soil (oxisol), rice hulls and the organic compost Organifol

Características do resíduo de mineração de areia como componente de substratos para a produção de mudas de pupunheira (Bactris Gasipaes Kunth)

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of fine sand mining residue as a component of the substrate for production of peach palm seedlings. Thus, it was tested four substrate with the proportions of sand mining residue: carbonized rice husk (RA/CA): 1:0; 3:1; 1:1; 1:3, and compared to the control substrate: 3:1 (alic podzolic yellow latosol:buffalo manure). It was used a random block experimental design, with five replications, with 10 seedlings per plot. Peach palm seedlings were produced in 1.1-L containers in a protected environment. When seedlings were ready to be transplanted to the field, 210 days after the transplanting to bags, stem base diameter, seedlings height, number of leaves, dry mass of aerial part and root were measured. It was concluded that residue of sand mining can be used in the production system of peach palm as a component of the substrates for seedling production. Its maximum ratio must be 75% of the substrate volume, and it has to be always combined with other materials so that the dry density of the final composition is between 500 and 800 kg.m -3 .

Eficiência de fosfitos no controle da podridão da base do estipe em mudas de pupunheira

The exploitation of heart of palm in Brazil is no more an extractive activity; it is becoming a commercial production due to the planting of palm trees such as peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth var. gasipaes Henderson). The stem base rot (SBR) caused by Phytophthora palmivora has emerged as an important disease, which may limit the peach palm production in many regions. This disease occurs in young and adult plants. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of preventive and curative application of phosphites on SBR incidence and its severity in peach palm seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Three experiments were carried out, as follows: I - preventive and curative effect of phosphites, following factorial scheme 6 x 2 (phosphites x application time); II - effect of preventive application of potassium phosphite, following factorial scheme 6 x 4 (number of applications x evaluation periods), and III - Effect of preventive and curative methods and application periods of potassium phosphite, following a factorial scheme 2 x 2 (application forms x dosage). Disease severity was assessed at 28 days in experiment I and III in the experiment, while in experiment II was evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation, based on descriptive scale with a scale from 0 to 4. Treatments were carried out in a completely randomized design with 10 repetitions of one seedling for each repetition. Data were submitted to variance analysis and when treatment means were significant by F test (p < 0.05) they were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. From the results obtained, it was concluded that potassium phosphite have better control between phosphites tested, and when applied preventively at 2.5 mL.L-1 with 3 applications and dosage of 5.0 mL. L-1 with 2 or 3 applications significantly reduced the incidence and the severity of SBR in peach palm seedlings. But, when applied as curative had no effect, regardless of the dose or the number of applications. Since the best time for severity assessment of SBR was 21 days after inoculation of Phytopthora palmivora.

DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE BANANEIRA ‘GRANDE NAINE’ EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO PARA A CONVIVÊNCIA COM A SIGATOKA-NEGRA NO VALE DO RIBEIRA-SP

This study aimed to evaluate development and production of banana plant ‘Grande Naine’ under different management systems with black leaf streak presence at Vale do Ribeira, SP (Brazil). For the experiment it was used micropropagated seedlings of ‘Grande Naine’ banana that was planted in field in a completely randomized design with five treatments (management systems): interspersed planting; fungicide control; defoliation + interspersed planting; defoliation + fungicide control and control, which were subdivided in time (two production cycles), with eight repetition and one plant per repetition. It was evaluated the following parameters: plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of active leaves at blooming and at harvest, marketable fruits fresh weight, productivity, number of hands, number of fruit, total fresh weight and individual fresh weight of the 2nd hand, length and diameter of 2nd hand fruits. Data were submitted to variance analysis by F test and the significant means were compared by Tukey’s test (5% probability). It can be conclude that fungicides applications were effective for black leaf streak control, showing better results in plants development and production and also in fruit quality of cultivars Grande Naine. No differences were observed when fungicide application was associated with defoliation. The interspersed planting affected negatively all the development and production parameters of cultivar Grande Naine.

Inoculation methods, aggressiveness of isolates and resistance of peach palm progenies to Phytophthora palmivora

Podridao da Base do Estipe (PBE) causada por Phytophthora palmivora e a principal doenca da pupunheira no viveiro e no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi: a) determinar o metodo mais apropriado de inoculacao de P. palmivora em pupunheira; b) avaliar a agressividade de isolados de P. palmivora; c) avaliar a resistencia de progenies de pupunheira a P. palmivora. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Embrapa Florestas no periodo de marco de 2011 a marco de 2012. Foi desenvolvida uma escala descritiva de notas para avaliar a severidade da PBE da pupunheira. A severidade da doenca foi avaliada aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias apos a inoculacao. Concluiu-se que: a) O metodo de injecao na base do estipe foi o mais efetivo para a inoculacao de P. palmivora; b) Os isolados de P. palmivora: SA-5, SA- 9, SA-10, SA-11, SA-14, SA-15, SA-16, SA-30 e SA-31 foram os mais agressivos; e c) As progenies de pupunheiras T2, T4, T7, T9 e T15 mostraram resistencia a P. palmivora.

Soluções de condicionamento em pós-colheita de inflorescências de antúrio

Anthurium flowers post-harvest conditioning Aiming to obtain flowers with greater longevity, this study aimed to evaluate the use of post-harvest conditioning solutions in different cultivars of anthurium. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design in a factorial scheme 3 x 3 (cultivar x conditioning solution). The tested cultivars were: Jureia IAC, IAC Eidibel and Apalai. The conditioning solutions were: water, water + sucrose (5.0%) and water + citric acid (200 mg L -1 ). Conditioning was performed by immersing the flowers in 0.5 L of conditioning solution for 24 hours and subsequently maintained with an equal volume of distilled water renewed every four days. At each water renewal, was evaluated the fresh weight, durability and longevity adopting notes. The results were submitted to ANOVA and F test, and means were compared by Tukey test (p<0,05) when significant. With the obtained data it can be concluded that there was no dif ference between the conditioning solutions for different cultivars, and ‘IAC Jureia’ showed greater durability shopping (21 days) and total longevity (48 days), regardless of the conditioning solution.

‘IAC Iguape’ – Nova cultivar de antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum Linden) cor de vinho para flor de corte.

‘IAC Iguape’ possui espata de coloracao vinho e espadice creme rosado-alaranjado. Foi selecionada entre plantas introduzidas a colecao do IAC, em Pariquera-Acu (SP). Plantas micropropagadas sao cultivadas sob telado com 70% a 80% de sombra em canteiro com substrato orgânico. Plantas de quatro anos, produziram media de 4,6 flores/ano. A durabilidade comercial pos-colheita e de vinte dias.