Luis Alberto Saes

Selection and genetic gains for juvenile traits in progenies of Hevea in São Paulo State, Brazil

Five yield traits were investigated in three-year-old progenies from open-pollinated rubber trees [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss) Muell.-Arg.]. Twenty progenies were evaluated in a randomized, complete block design replicated three times using 10 plants per linear plot at the North Central Experimental Station in Pindorama, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The characters evaluated included the average yield of rubber, growth vigor, bark thickness, total number of latex vessel rings and latex vessel size. Highly significant (p < 0.01) genetic differences were observed among progenies for most traits. The genotypic variance components accounted for 13.2%, 12.3%, 9.4%, 3.4% and 0.23% of the phenotypic variance for yield, growth vigor, bark thickness, total number of latex vessel rings and latex vessel size, respectively. Heritabilities, as well as genotypic and phenotypic correlations among traits, were estimated. Heritabilities for the above traits at the individual plant level () were 37%, 35%, 69%, 10% and 16%, respectively. Significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations were found between the yield of rubber and growth vigor (rg = 0.73, rp = 0.70), bark thickness (rg = 0.70**, rp = 0.75**) and the total number of latex vessel rings (rg = 0.64, rp = 0.80). There was no relationship between yield and latex vessel size, growth vigor or total number of latex vessel rings. Based on these data, selecting the best two out of 20 progenies would result in a genetic gain of 12.3% and 6.8% for yield of rubber and growth vigor, respectively. The two best individual ortets within each progeny would result in a genetic gain of 27.7% and 9.1%, with a total gain of 40% and 16% for these two traits, respectively.

Biosolids Application on Banana Production: Soil Chemical Properties and Plant Nutrition

Biosolids are relatively rich in N, P, and S and could be used to substitute mineral fertilization for banana crop. A field experiment was carried out in a Yellow Oxisol to investigate the effects of biosolids application on soil chemical properties and on banana leafs nutrient concentration during the first cropping cycle. Soil analysis (pH, organic matter, resin P, exchangeable Ca and K, available B, DTPA-extracted micronutrients, and heavy metals) and index-leaf analysis (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) were evaluated. Biosolids can completely substitute mineral N and P fertilizer to banana growth. Soil exchangeable K and leaf-K concentration must be monitored in order to avoid K deficiency in banana plants. No risk of heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) concentration increase in the index leaf was observed when biosolids were applied at the recommended N rate.

Primeiro relato de ocorrência de Anastrepha serpentina e Anastrepha leptozona (Dip.: Tephritidae) em abiu (Pouteria caimito) no Estado de São Paulo

It was registered for the first time the occurrence of fruit flies Anastrepha serpentina (Wied.) and Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (Dip.: Tephritidae) on abiu, Pouteria caimito (Sapotaceae) in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Infested fruits were picked up from the Collection of Exotic and Native Tropical Fruits, installed in Pariquera-Acu County. Also, it was found emerged specimens of Neosilba glaberrima (Wied.) (Lonchaeidae) in the same field.

Aclimatização de mudas micropropagadas de bananeira ‘Grand Naine’ com aplicação de biofertilizantes em duas estações do ano

and RUTER AA on the development of micropropagated banana seedlings produced in commercialseedling nurseries. Seedlings of cv . Grand Naine were obtained via micropropagation and subsequently transplantedinto black polyethylene bags (1.5 L) containing subsurface soil (oxisol), rice hulls and the organic compost Organifol

Características do resíduo de mineração de areia como componente de substratos para a produção de mudas de pupunheira (Bactris Gasipaes Kunth)

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of fine sand mining residue as a component of the substrate for production of peach palm seedlings. Thus, it was tested four substrate with the proportions of sand mining residue: carbonized rice husk (RA/CA): 1:0; 3:1; 1:1; 1:3, and compared to the control substrate: 3:1 (alic podzolic yellow latosol:buffalo manure). It was used a random block experimental design, with five replications, with 10 seedlings per plot. Peach palm seedlings were produced in 1.1-L containers in a protected environment. When seedlings were ready to be transplanted to the field, 210 days after the transplanting to bags, stem base diameter, seedlings height, number of leaves, dry mass of aerial part and root were measured. It was concluded that residue of sand mining can be used in the production system of peach palm as a component of the substrates for seedling production. Its maximum ratio must be 75% of the substrate volume, and it has to be always combined with other materials so that the dry density of the final composition is between 500 and 800 kg.m -3 .

DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE BANANEIRA ‘GRANDE NAINE’ EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO PARA A CONVIVÊNCIA COM A SIGATOKA-NEGRA NO VALE DO RIBEIRA-SP

This study aimed to evaluate development and production of banana plant ‘Grande Naine’ under different management systems with black leaf streak presence at Vale do Ribeira, SP (Brazil). For the experiment it was used micropropagated seedlings of ‘Grande Naine’ banana that was planted in field in a completely randomized design with five treatments (management systems): interspersed planting; fungicide control; defoliation + interspersed planting; defoliation + fungicide control and control, which were subdivided in time (two production cycles), with eight repetition and one plant per repetition. It was evaluated the following parameters: plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of active leaves at blooming and at harvest, marketable fruits fresh weight, productivity, number of hands, number of fruit, total fresh weight and individual fresh weight of the 2nd hand, length and diameter of 2nd hand fruits. Data were submitted to variance analysis by F test and the significant means were compared by Tukey’s test (5% probability). It can be conclude that fungicides applications were effective for black leaf streak control, showing better results in plants development and production and also in fruit quality of cultivars Grande Naine. No differences were observed when fungicide application was associated with defoliation. The interspersed planting affected negatively all the development and production parameters of cultivar Grande Naine.

Agronomic Efficiency of Biosolid as Source of Nitrogen to Banana Plants

Sewage sludge (SS) or biosolid has been studied as source of nutrient for several different plant species. It also contributes to soil fertility recycling organic matter and plant nutrients. This followup work examines a three-year (2001–2004) field experiment designed to evaluate the response of banana plants (Cavendish subgroup) to the application of biosolid as source of nitrogen. The treatments consisted of control (mineral PK, no N), three rates of sludge, and two rates of mineral NPK fertilizer. Plant and soil N concentration, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter, and foliar endurance index were measured. Fruit yield with mineral fertilization or sludge applications did not differ statistically . Application of biosolid resulted in statistically significant higher agronomic efficiency in comparison to mineral fertilizers. The concentration of soil mineral nitrogen increased using mineral fertilizer or sludge until 0.80 m after three years of application. The effect of the source of N was smaller than the effect of the rate. Biosolid can be used as source of N for banana growers.

‘IAC Iguape’ – Nova cultivar de antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum Linden) cor de vinho para flor de corte.

‘IAC Iguape’ possui espata de coloracao vinho e espadice creme rosado-alaranjado. Foi selecionada entre plantas introduzidas a colecao do IAC, em Pariquera-Acu (SP). Plantas micropropagadas sao cultivadas sob telado com 70% a 80% de sombra em canteiro com substrato orgânico. Plantas de quatro anos, produziram media de 4,6 flores/ano. A durabilidade comercial pos-colheita e de vinte dias.