Eduardo Antonio da Cunha

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Suffolk abatidos em diferentes idades

The effect of slaughter age on non-carcass components and carcass characteristics was evaluated in 35 Suffolk lambs slaughtered at average age of 90, 130 or 170 days, fed corn silage and concentrate (19.6% CP). As the slaughter age increased, animal live weight and carcass weight linearly increased, and some non-carcass components as blood, head, legs and full viscera percentage linearly decreased, leading to a linear increase in carcass yield. As the slaughter age increase, it was observed change in the proportion of carcass components with a linear increase of fat percentage, a linear decrease in bones percentage and no change in the muscle percentage. A linear decrease in the hindquarter, a linear increase in the ribs and no change in the forequarter carcass cuts was observed with increasing slaughter age. Higher slaughter age led to a linear increase in carcass measures and compactness. The slaughter age of Suffolk lambs, to produce suitable carcasses for retail, is between 110 and 130 days of age.

Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros Suffolk alimentados com diferentes volumosos

Suffolk lambs, weaned at 60 days, were raised in slatted floor pens and fed corn silage, sorghum silage or Coast cross hay (Cynodon dactylon L. Pears) plus concentrate ration (3,5% of live weight) to evaluate their performance, proportion of non-carcass components and carcass dressing and traits. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (tree roughage feed X two sexes) was used. Lambs fed corn silage or sorghum silage showed greater (P 0.05) between feeds, although, lambs fed corn silage showed greater (P 0.05) in proportion of muscle (60.0 and 60.7%). Sorghum silage can replace corn silage for feedlot lambs, but grass hay feeding worsens their performance.

Utilização de carneiros de raças de corte para obtenção de cordeiros precoces para abate em plantéis produtores de lã

RESUMO - Sessenta e nove cordeiros filhos de ovelhas das racas Ideal ou Corriedale cobertas com machos das racas Suffolk, Ile de France, ou da mesma raca materna, foram usados para avaliar o seu desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca. Os animais permaneceram em pastagem ate o desmame (60 dias), foram confinados por 90 dias e alimentados com racao a base de silagem de milho e concentrado. Foi usado delineamento completamente casualizado em esquema fatorial. O uso de machos de corte sobre femeas lanigeras nao causou efeito sobre o peso ao nascer e ao desmame das crias, porem aumentou o peso e a compacidade das carcacas, sem alterar as proporcoes de traseiro e costilhar. A espessura de gordura subcutânea nao foi influenciada pelo genotipo, apresentando-se maior para femeas. A area de olho de lombo nao apresentou diferenca entre genotipos. As medidas de carcaca mostraram diferenca entre genotipos, sendo as do cruzamento com Suffolk mais compridas, seguidas pelos mesticos de Ile de France.

Crescimento de raízes dos capins aruana e tanzânia submetidos a duas doses de nitrogênio

ABSTRACT - The root system (pre and post grazing) characteristics of aruanagrass and tanzaniagrass under two nitrogen rates (150and 300 kg ha -1 N year) grazed by sheep in variable rotational stocking (three to seven grazing days) and variable rest period were evaluatedin this study. The treatments were assigned to a complete randomized block (two) design with two replicates (plots = grasses an d split-plots = nitrogen rates)within repeated measures. In the pre-grazing tanzaniagrass, averages within nitrogen rates and grazing p eriod showedhigher amount of dry matter of organic matter (DMOM) (1.7 mg cm -3 of soil) than aruanagrass (1.2 mg cm -3 of soil) and greater root length(119.1 cm cm -3 of soil x 68.7 cm cm -3 of soil). The 300 kg ha -1 N rate contributed to a higher root system length (107.1 cm cm -3 of soil)than the 150 kg ha -1 N rate (80.7 cm cm -3 of soil). Post-grazing root growth showed similar behavior among the variables measured andwas more evident after the second regrowth week. Considering averages within grasses, nitrogen rates and growth age, in the periodequivalent to Autumn/Winter, the DMOM growth root was of 3.9 mg 100 cm

Características do dossel forrageiro e acúmulo de forragem em pastagem irrigada de capim-aruana exclusivo ou sobre-semeado com uma mistura de espécies forrageiras de inverno

Three winter forage species: black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb. cv. Common), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Common) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Zapican) were introduced in a pasture of aruanagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana), grazed by sheep in an intensive production system (irrigation, fertilization and rotational stocking) with the objective of increasing the forage supply during the dry winter period. From 04-14-00 to 01-18-01 and 06-07-01 to 02-22-02, in six grazing periods, the pre-grazing forage mass, botanical composition and leaf blades percentage were evaluated in the six regrowth periods, as well as forage accumulation (FA). A completely randomized block design with replication within blocks was used. The treatments were: 1) grass alone and 2) the grass oversown with the mixture of winter forages. The oversown pasture had a greater total forage mass than the control in the second period as well as in the overall mean of the six periods of first year. The black oat made higher contribution in the second period while italian ryegrass contribution was higher in the third period. Higher FA was observed in the oversown pasture compared to the pure aruanagrass pasture, in the second, fifth and in the mean of the six regrowth periods. Total forage mass did not differ between treatments in the second year. The black oat contribution was higher in the first period while that of italian ryegrass was higher in the third period. The FA was similar in the two pasture systems. Fertilized and irrigated aruanagrass pasture, oversown with winter annual forages, out-yielded pure aruanagrass pasture during the dry winter period.

Composição química e digestibilidade da massa de forragem em pastagem irrigada de capim-aruana exclusivo ou sobre-semeado com mistura de aveia preta e azevém

Uma mistura de duas especies forrageiras de inverno: aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb cv. Comum) e azevem anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Comum) foi sobre-semeada em uma pastagem de capim-aruana (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana), utilizada com ovinos em sistema intensivo de producao (irrigacao, adubacao e lotacao rotacionada), com o objetivo de melhorar o valor nutritivo da forragem no periodo critico do ano. Nos doi anos (primeiro ano: 14/04/00 a 18/01/01 e segundo ano: 07/06/01 a 22/02/02), foram avaliadas a composicao quimica e digestibilidade da forragem, antes da entrada dos animais (pre-pastejo) nas pastagens, em seis periodos de pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados (quatro), com duas repeticoes dentro do bloco e dois tratamentos: 1) capim-aruana exclusivo e 2) capim-aruana sobre-semeado. Para as amostras do total da forragem pre-pastejo e dos componentes (aruana, aveia preta e azevem), avaliaram-se os teores de proteina bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), de fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e de lignina e a digestibilidade in vitro da materia seca. No primeiro ano, a PB da forragem de capim-aruana exclusivo foi maior que a do sobre-semeado no terceiro periodo de pastejo e semelhante nos demais. FDN, FDA e lignina da forragem no tratamento exclusivo foram mais elevadas que no tratamento sobre-semeado, na media dos seis periodos. A digestibilidade da forragem foi semelhante nos dois tratamentos, em todos os periodos de avaliacao. No segundo ano, o teor de PB da massa total de forragem da pastagem de capim-aruana exclusivo foi maior que o da pastagem sobre-semeada, no quarto periodo, porem semelhante nos demais e na media dos seis periodos. Os teores de FDN, FDA e lignina e a DIVMS da massa total de forragem foram semelhantes nas duas pastagens na media e ao longo dos seis periodos, exceto para FDN no segundo periodo. Pastos com capim-aruana sob adubacao nitrogenada, irrigacao e manejo adequados apresentaram composicao quimica e digestibilidade semelhantes as de pastos do capim sobre-semeados com aveia preta e azevem.

Caracterização de oito raças do bicho-da-seda (Bombyx mori L.)

The experiment was developed at Estacao Experimental de Zootecnia de Galia - Instituto de Zootecnia, SAA-SP, Galia city, Sao Paulo, Brazil, on 2000. Eight silkworm races of Japanese and Chinese origin were studied (B101, B102, B104, B109, C201, C202, C203, C208) for biological characters ( Total weight-gain for one caterpillar-GP, Percentage of mortality-MO, Number of male-NM, Number of female-NF, Number of egg/laying-OP and Percentage of eclodibility-EC) and for characters of cocoon production (silk gland unitary weight-GS, 30 cocoon shell weight-CS, 30 chrysalis weight-PC, silk net purport -TS, disqualified cocoon-CD, cocoon length-CC and cocoon breadth -LC). It was used a completely randomized design, with four replications/ race. It was not detected variation among races for GP, MO, NF and OP. The B101 race showed a smaller NM and a smaller EC. With regard to cocoon production, the C202 race showed the best result, with good GS (38% of the final weight of the caterpillar), one of highest CS and TS and values next to the average for PC, CD, CC e LC. The C201 race, with regard to cocoon produced, showed the worst results.

Soybean silage and sugarcane tops silage on lamb performance

Avaliou-se o desempenho de ovinos alimentados com dietas compostas por silagens de ponta de cana (Saccharum officinarum) e de soja (Glycine max). Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros da raca Morada Nova, com idade media de 75 dias e peso vivo medio inicial de 16,98kg. Avaliaram-se as dietas: T1=20% silagem de ponta de cana + 80% de concentrado; T2=20% silagem de ponta de cana + 30% silagem de soja + 50% de concentrado; T3=20% silagem de ponta de cana + 60% silagem de soja + 20% de concentrado. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com oito repeticoes, sendo cada animal uma repeticao. Avaliaram-se os consumos de materia seca, materia orgânica e materia mineral; proteina bruta; extrato etereo; fibra em detergente neutro e em detergente acido; ganho de peso e conversao e eficiencia alimentar. Os ganhos de peso total e diario, a conversao e a eficiencia alimentar foram semelhantes, com valores medios de 7,9kg animal-1; 133,3g animal-1 dia-1; 6,2 e 0,17; respectivamente. Dietas compostas por silagem de ponta de cana enriquecidas com silagem de soja + concentrado proporcionam maior consumo de nutrientes em relacao as dietas compostas somente pela silagem de ponta de cana + concentrado. Silagem de ponta de cana suplementada com concentrado proteico ou com silagem de soja e menor participacao de concentrado resulta em ganhos de peso, conversao e eficiencia alimentar semelhantes.

Efeito do sistema de manejo sobre o comportamento em pastejo, desempenho ponderal e infestação parasitária em ovinos Suffolk

Grazing behaviour, ponderal growth and level of parasitic infestation were studied in Suffolk breed sheep, from 1994 to 1995, in Nova Odessa, Sao Paulo. Two management systems were compared: restricted grazing, where the animals were released to the pastures at 9:50 a.m. and confined at 5:30 p.m., and 24 hour grazing, where the animals were maintained all the time in the paddocks, but with access to shelters. Thirty-four adult ewes were used in the summer period (17 under restricted grazing and 17 full-time grazing), and 42 ewes in the winter period (21 with restricted grazing and 21 full-time grazing). Also, for both seasons, 12 tracer animals, six in each grazing system, were used to obtain worm counts from their digestive tracts. For three consecutive days, grazing behaviour, that is, whether grazing or not, was observed in January/February (summer) and July/August (winter) at 30 minute intervals from 7:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., also whether the animals stayed in the sun or shade, irrespective of whether they were grazing or not. The level of parasitic infestation was evaluated under each system by eggs per gram countings (EPG) of the herd and the tracer animals, as well as by larvae count. It was concluded that restriction of grazing time by itself does not provide any effective control of parasitic infestation in sheep, however a better control was obtained in the summer period. Restricted grazing time was compensated by the greater activity of the animals during the hotter hours of the day, however, this behaviour affected the animal performance, resulting in lower weight gains. Greater forage availability in relation to estimated consumption may explain the similarity between the grazing times observed in both management systems, either in the summer or in the winter.

Supplementation with protected fat to manage gastro-intestinal nematode infections in Santa Ines sheep

This experiment aimed to determine the influence of supplementation with protected fat on nematode infections in periparturient sheep or sheep in their final stage of pregnancy. Fifty Santa Ines ewes received 200 g of concentrate/animal/day, mineral salt and water and were grouped according to their weight, hematocrit and the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Two diets were used: a control treatment and a treatment consisting of supplementation with 30 g/animal/day of protected fat in the concentrate. Three monthly evaluations were performed over a total of 84 days of testing. The variables analyzed were weight, body condition, EPG and coprocultures; blood tests were performed for the determination of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration and total plasma protein, and leukograms and eosinophil counts were performed. For weight and hemoglobin concentrations, interactions were observed between diet and collection date (P<0.05); body condition, total plasma protein, packed cell volume and total leukocytes did not differ statistically among treatments (P> 0. 05) but did differ by collection day (P <0.05). The EPG and eosinophil counts did not differ statistically by either diet or collection date (P>0.05). The genus Haemonchus was predominant, followed by the genera Cooperia, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum. The protected fat did not decrease EPG and did not improve the blood parameters of infected sheep.