Mauro Sartori Bueno

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Suffolk abatidos em diferentes idades

The effect of slaughter age on non-carcass components and carcass characteristics was evaluated in 35 Suffolk lambs slaughtered at average age of 90, 130 or 170 days, fed corn silage and concentrate (19.6% CP). As the slaughter age increased, animal live weight and carcass weight linearly increased, and some non-carcass components as blood, head, legs and full viscera percentage linearly decreased, leading to a linear increase in carcass yield. As the slaughter age increase, it was observed change in the proportion of carcass components with a linear increase of fat percentage, a linear decrease in bones percentage and no change in the muscle percentage. A linear decrease in the hindquarter, a linear increase in the ribs and no change in the forequarter carcass cuts was observed with increasing slaughter age. Higher slaughter age led to a linear increase in carcass measures and compactness. The slaughter age of Suffolk lambs, to produce suitable carcasses for retail, is between 110 and 130 days of age.

Effect of replacing corn with dehydrated citrus pulp in diets of growing kids

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) on the performance of growing kids and apparent digestibility of their diets. Thirty-two Saanen kids (16 intact males and 16 females) were placed in individual pens and fed grass hay (42%) plus concentrate mixture (58%) with four levels of replacement of corn by DCP (0, 33, 66, 100%) during 60 days. Daily live-weight gain, dry matter intake, and feed conversion were evaluated. After this period, male kids (n=16) were transferred to metabolic cages and apparent digestibility was evaluated. Daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion and the apparent dry matter digestibility coefficient showed a quadratic effect (P 0.05). Apparent digestibility of Ca, P differed among diets (P

Desempenho e características de carcaça de cordeiros Suffolk alimentados com diferentes volumosos

Suffolk lambs, weaned at 60 days, were raised in slatted floor pens and fed corn silage, sorghum silage or Coast cross hay (Cynodon dactylon L. Pears) plus concentrate ration (3,5% of live weight) to evaluate their performance, proportion of non-carcass components and carcass dressing and traits. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (tree roughage feed X two sexes) was used. Lambs fed corn silage or sorghum silage showed greater (P 0.05) between feeds, although, lambs fed corn silage showed greater (P 0.05) in proportion of muscle (60.0 and 60.7%). Sorghum silage can replace corn silage for feedlot lambs, but grass hay feeding worsens their performance.

Utilização de carneiros de raças de corte para obtenção de cordeiros precoces para abate em plantéis produtores de lã

RESUMO - Sessenta e nove cordeiros filhos de ovelhas das racas Ideal ou Corriedale cobertas com machos das racas Suffolk, Ile de France, ou da mesma raca materna, foram usados para avaliar o seu desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca. Os animais permaneceram em pastagem ate o desmame (60 dias), foram confinados por 90 dias e alimentados com racao a base de silagem de milho e concentrado. Foi usado delineamento completamente casualizado em esquema fatorial. O uso de machos de corte sobre femeas lanigeras nao causou efeito sobre o peso ao nascer e ao desmame das crias, porem aumentou o peso e a compacidade das carcacas, sem alterar as proporcoes de traseiro e costilhar. A espessura de gordura subcutânea nao foi influenciada pelo genotipo, apresentando-se maior para femeas. A area de olho de lombo nao apresentou diferenca entre genotipos. As medidas de carcaca mostraram diferenca entre genotipos, sendo as do cruzamento com Suffolk mais compridas, seguidas pelos mesticos de Ile de France.

Perdas fermentativas, composição química, estabilidade aeróbia e digestibilidade aparente de silagem de cana-de-açúcar com aditivos químico e microbiano

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence addition whitewash (CaO) and Lactobacillus buchneri in fermentation losses, nutritional value, aerobic stability and apparent digestibility of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) silages. A first experiment evaluated fermentation losses, pH and temperature values, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of sugarcane silages with or without bacterial inoculants (L. buchneri) or CaO. A second experiment evaluated intake and apparent digestibility of sugarcane silage with the same additives to sheep. The additives did not reduce silage losses, and silages with CaO presented greater effluent losses. The intake of silage with inoculant was lower than of silage with CaO and in natura sugarcane. Dry matter apparent digestibility of CaO silage was lower than that of in natura sugarcane and of silage with inoculant. Greater values were observed in ether extract for silage treated with CaO when compared to in natura sugarcane. Total digestible nutrients values of in natura sugarcane and of silage with inoculant or CaO were 61.2, 54.1, and 51.7%, respectively. Regardless of the additive, sugarcane ensilage results in nutrient loss and in reduced digestibility.

Metabolismo de cálcio em ovinos em crescimento sob suplementação com diferentes fontes de cálcio: aplicação e comparação de dois modelos matemáticos

This research was conducted to compare the accuracy of two mathematical models to predict calcium (Ca) metabolism in sheep supplemented with different Ca sources. Twenty Brazilian male sheep averaging 7 to 8 months of age were fed a basal diet containing corn, soybean meal, hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse, urea, mono-ammonium phosphate, mineral mixture and one of the following Ca sources: limestone (LM), alfalfa hay (AH), dicalcium phosphate (DP), oyster shell meal (SM), and citrus pulp (CP). On day 22 each animal received an intravenous injection of 7.7 MBq of radio-calcium (45Ca) followed by collection of blood, feces, and urine every 24 h for 7 days. Total Ca and radioactivity were measured in all samples. At the end of the collection period, animals were slaughtered and samples of liver, heart, kidney, muscles and 12th rib were taken for analysis. Calcium metabolism was evaluated by the models proposed by Vitti et al. (2000) and Fernandez (1995). A completely randomized design was used and means were compared by the Duncan test. No significant differences were observed for Ca intake among treatments. However, total fecal excretion of Ca differed and was lowest in animals fed LM. Calcium balance was negative in sheep receiving AH and CP because Ca absorption might have been compromised by the high contents of pectin and oxalate in these two supplements, respectively. Flows of Ca between the central pool and the digestive tract showed the greatest absorption of Ca on animals fed LM. Diets supplemented with LM, DP, and SM had highest Ca availability with values of 65.38, 34.12 and 32.43%, respectively. The models differed in the predictions of Ca flows among blood, bone and soft tissues but showed similar values for Ca balance in the different compartments. These discrepant results may be explained by structural difference between models.

Parâmetros bromatológicos e fermentativos das silagens de milho e girassol

At the Instituto de Zootecnia, APTA, Sao Paulo StateBrazil, it was carried out an experiment to evaluated the chemical quality and ruminal degradation for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and protein (CP) of sunflower and corn silages. For chemical evaluation of the silages, a total randomized design with nine replicates was used. For in situ degradability was used a split-plot design with three replicates, in which the plots were the times of incubation and the subplot the silage. Sunflower silage showed higher concentration of crude protein (11.6 vs 9.4%), ether extract (10.1 vs 3.2%), acid detergent fiber (42.7 vs 31.9%) and lignin (9.4 vs 3.7%), and lower concentration of dry matter than corn silage (22.0 vs 34.6%), respectively; and also higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen (10.7 vs 5.8 %) and acetic acid (3.0 vs 0.79%) and lower concentration of lactic acid (3.7 vs 11.3%) than corn silage. The effective degradation rates of DM, NDF and CP were lower in the sunflower silage. Corn silage showed more favorable characteristics for ensiling process.

Supplementation of moist and dehydrated citrus pulp in the diets of sheep artificially and naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes on the parasitological parameters and performance.

The inclusion of industrial byproducts such as citrus pulp in the composition of animal diets has been widely recommended due to sustainability aspects and their high level of carbohydrates. Limonene is found in citrus pulp and has been described elsewhere as a major compound of citrus essential oils with excellent anthelmintic activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the parasitological parameters of lambs artificially infected (Experiment 1) with Haemonchus contortus and naturally infected (Experiment 2) by gastrointestinal nematodes, fed diets with dehydrated citrus pulp or silage of moist orange pulp. Both experiments had three treatments (C: control, DP: diet+dehydrated citrus pulp, and MP: diet+silage of moist orange pulp). The diets were isoproteic (11% crude protein) and the concentrate was corrected every 14 days according to animal weight. Parasitological parameters were evaluated for both experiments each 14 days (body weight, body condition; fecal egg counts-FEC, egg hatch assay-EHA, coproculture, and packed cell volume-PCV). Analysis of variance (GLM of the SAS software) was performed with repeated measures in time, and the means were compared by the Tukey test. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to detect constituents of dry or moist citrus pulp. Dehydrated citrus pulp had 0.02% essential oil (major compounds were 85.9% limonene and 7.6% valencene). Moist orange pulp contained 1.5% essential oil (major compounds were 65.5% limonene and 31.2% alpha- and gamma-terpineol). In both experiments, the weight gain among the treatments was similar (p>0.05) demonstrating that both moist and dehydrated orange pulp can be used to replace corn kernels to feed infected lambs. The supplementation with orange pulp did not decrease natural or artificial infections of gastrointestinal nematodes according to the FEC results (p>0.05). However, PCV increased from animals fed dehydrated and moist pulp in natural infection (Experiment 2, p<0.05) in comparison with the control group. In addition, the consumption of the dehydrated citrus pulp from animals infected with H. contortus (Experiment 1) caused lower hatching rates after 42 days of consumption (p<0.05), suggesting a tendency to shed fewer eggs to the environment.

Características do dossel forrageiro e acúmulo de forragem em pastagem irrigada de capim-aruana exclusivo ou sobre-semeado com uma mistura de espécies forrageiras de inverno

Three winter forage species: black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb. cv. Common), italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Common) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Zapican) were introduced in a pasture of aruanagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana), grazed by sheep in an intensive production system (irrigation, fertilization and rotational stocking) with the objective of increasing the forage supply during the dry winter period. From 04-14-00 to 01-18-01 and 06-07-01 to 02-22-02, in six grazing periods, the pre-grazing forage mass, botanical composition and leaf blades percentage were evaluated in the six regrowth periods, as well as forage accumulation (FA). A completely randomized block design with replication within blocks was used. The treatments were: 1) grass alone and 2) the grass oversown with the mixture of winter forages. The oversown pasture had a greater total forage mass than the control in the second period as well as in the overall mean of the six periods of first year. The black oat made higher contribution in the second period while italian ryegrass contribution was higher in the third period. Higher FA was observed in the oversown pasture compared to the pure aruanagrass pasture, in the second, fifth and in the mean of the six regrowth periods. Total forage mass did not differ between treatments in the second year. The black oat contribution was higher in the first period while that of italian ryegrass was higher in the third period. The FA was similar in the two pasture systems. Fertilized and irrigated aruanagrass pasture, oversown with winter annual forages, out-yielded pure aruanagrass pasture during the dry winter period.

Composição química e digestibilidade da massa de forragem em pastagem irrigada de capim-aruana exclusivo ou sobre-semeado com mistura de aveia preta e azevém

Uma mistura de duas especies forrageiras de inverno: aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb cv. Comum) e azevem anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Comum) foi sobre-semeada em uma pastagem de capim-aruana (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Aruana), utilizada com ovinos em sistema intensivo de producao (irrigacao, adubacao e lotacao rotacionada), com o objetivo de melhorar o valor nutritivo da forragem no periodo critico do ano. Nos doi anos (primeiro ano: 14/04/00 a 18/01/01 e segundo ano: 07/06/01 a 22/02/02), foram avaliadas a composicao quimica e digestibilidade da forragem, antes da entrada dos animais (pre-pastejo) nas pastagens, em seis periodos de pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completos casualizados (quatro), com duas repeticoes dentro do bloco e dois tratamentos: 1) capim-aruana exclusivo e 2) capim-aruana sobre-semeado. Para as amostras do total da forragem pre-pastejo e dos componentes (aruana, aveia preta e azevem), avaliaram-se os teores de proteina bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), de fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e de lignina e a digestibilidade in vitro da materia seca. No primeiro ano, a PB da forragem de capim-aruana exclusivo foi maior que a do sobre-semeado no terceiro periodo de pastejo e semelhante nos demais. FDN, FDA e lignina da forragem no tratamento exclusivo foram mais elevadas que no tratamento sobre-semeado, na media dos seis periodos. A digestibilidade da forragem foi semelhante nos dois tratamentos, em todos os periodos de avaliacao. No segundo ano, o teor de PB da massa total de forragem da pastagem de capim-aruana exclusivo foi maior que o da pastagem sobre-semeada, no quarto periodo, porem semelhante nos demais e na media dos seis periodos. Os teores de FDN, FDA e lignina e a DIVMS da massa total de forragem foram semelhantes nas duas pastagens na media e ao longo dos seis periodos, exceto para FDN no segundo periodo. Pastos com capim-aruana sob adubacao nitrogenada, irrigacao e manejo adequados apresentaram composicao quimica e digestibilidade semelhantes as de pastos do capim sobre-semeados com aveia preta e azevem.