Edvaldo Mesquita Beltrão Filho

Características químicas e sensoriais do leite de cabras Moxotó alimentadas com silagem de maniçoba

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the use of manicoba silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg.) in different forage:concentrate ratio (30:70; 40:60; 50:50 and 60:40%) in milk composition, fatty acids profile and sensorial characteristics of Moxoto dairy goat milk. Eight multiparus goats were used, with approximately 60 days postpartum and about 44 kg on average, in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with four treatments, four periods and 4 animals. Each period lasted 15 days : 10 of adaptation of the animals to the diets and 5 of milk collection. No effect of the diets was observed on milk chemical composition, which showed mean values of protein (3.79%), fat (3.97%), lactose (4.66%), total dry extract (13.12%), density (1.033) and acidity (19oD). A positive linear effect was observe for the miristic acid (C14:0), with mean values from 6.15 to 7.85%, and a negative linear effect was observed for the linolenic acid (C18:3), with mean values from 2.13 to 0.76%, due to the increase of silage levels in the diet. The results of ADQ (quantitative and descriptive analyses) show that the use of manicoba silage in goats diet did not cause sensorial perceptible changes in the milk. The manicoba silage inclusion in feeding of milk goat up to the level of 60% in the diet did not change the composition and sensorial characteristics of Moxoto breed goat milk.

Influence of levels and forms of selenium associated with levels of vitamins C and E on the performance, yield and composition of tilapia fillet

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), and two selenium sources on the performance, yield, and composition of Nile tilapia fillet. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments with the addition of 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 VC and VE and 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 of two sources of selenium. Each treatment had five replicates of 30 fish each. The diet with 200 mg kg-1 VC and VE + 0.2 mg.k-1 organic selenium resulted in weight gain, length gain, and feed conversion ratio similar to that of the treatment with 400 mg kg-1 VC and VE + 0.4 mg kg-1 organic or inorganic selenium. The addition of organic selenium to the diet improved the weight gain and feed conversion ratio in comparison with the addition of inorganic selenium. The diet with 0.2 mg kg-1 organic selenium showed glutathione peroxidase level equal to the diet with 0.4 mg kg-1 of inorganic selenium. Carcass and fillet yields were not affected by treatments; however, there was treatment effect on the fillets chemical composition.

Replacement of goat milk for cattle cheese whey in artificial feeding of Alpine kids

The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of whole goat milk for cattle cheese whey in the artificial nursing of alpine kids. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement made up with four levels of goat milk replacing for cheese whey (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and two sexes (three males and four females per treatment). The inclusion of cheese whey in the diet did not affect the growth of the kids from 7 to 42 days of age. Kids fed whole goat milk showed higher final weights, around 13.0 kg. They intaked 70.0 L/animal of whole goat milk, 172.0 g DM/animal/day of concentrate and they had an average gain of 137.5 g/day. For the kids fed with 15, 30, 45% cheese whey diet, the final weights were 11.1; 9.88 and 10.27 kg; the whole goat milk consumption was 59.5, 49.0 and 38.4 L/animal, the concentrate consumption was 148.0; 117.0 and 135 g DM/animal/day with gains of 122.2; 99.5 and 100.8 g/day, respectively. Food conversion did not differ among diets. The sex effect was evident from the age of 21 days but there was not a treatment × sex interaction. At the end of the work, at 70 days of age, the weight of the males (12.4 kg) was higher than the female weights (10.6 kg). The highest average yield (168.15%) was obtained when the kids received maximum level of whey. Nursing kids with up to 45% of cattle cheese whey is technically viable and increases economic return. However, using whole milk goat for nursing kids in milk cattle is economically unviable.The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of whole goat milk for cattle cheese whey in the artificial nursing of alpine kids. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement made up with four levels of goat milk replacing for cheese whey (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and two sexes (three males and four females per treatment). The inclusion of cheese whey in the diet did not affect the growth of the kids from 7 to 42 days of age. Kids fed whole goat milk showed higher final weights, around 13.0 kg. They intaked 70.0 L/animal of whole goat milk, 172.0 g DM/animal/day of concentrate and they had an average gain of 137.5 g/day. For the kids fed with 15, 30, 45% cheese whey diet, the final weights were 11.1; 9.88 and 10.27 kg; the whole goat milk consumption was 59.5, 49.0 and 38.4 L/animal, the concentrate consumption was 148.0; 117.0 and 135 g DM/animal/day with gains of 122.2; 99.5 and 100.8 g/day, respectively. Food conversion did not differ among diets. The sex effect was evident from the age of 21 days but there was not a treatment × sex interaction. At the end of the work, at 70 days of age, the weight of the males (12.4 kg) was higher than the female weights (10.6 kg). The highest average yield (168.15%) was obtained when the kids received maximum level of whey. Nursing kids with up to 45% of cattle cheese whey is technically viable and increases economic return. However, using whole milk goat for nursing kids in milk cattle is economically unviable.

Use of different urea levels in the feeding of Alpine goats

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, apparent digestibility, ingestive behavior and blood parameters of milking goats fed cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) and increasing urea levels in substitution to soybean meal. Ten multiparous Alpine goats with average weight of 31±6.0 kg were used and distributed into (5 × 5) Latin squares and assessed during five 17-day periods, receiving five treatments with the following substitution levels: 0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 g/kg of urea. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), non-fiber carbohydrates, ether extract, organic matter and water intake values showed differences, whith average values ranging from 1.03 to 1.13; 0.12 to 0.14; 1.76 to 2.10 kg/day and 0.77 to 1.48 kg/day, respectively. The NDF and crude protein apparent digestibility values were significantly affected by urea levels. In relation to the ingestive behavior, the urea levels did not influence the feeding, idleness or rumination parameters. Difference was observed for the following physiological variables: feces frequency (11.5 to 15.9 times per day), urine frequency (10.8 to 14.2 times per day) and frequency of search for water (0.8 to 2.1 times per day). The urea levels influenced the blood parameters, whose average levels ranged from 29.83 to 40.76 mg/dL. Pear cactus and increasing urea levels in substitution to soybean meal do not alter the dry matter intake or ingestive behavior. The use of urea associated with forage cactus reduces water intake and increases the blood urea concentration of milking goats.

Utilização da Palma Forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) em Substituição ao Farelo de Milho por Cabras em Lactação e sua Contribuição como Fonte de Água

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituicao do farelo de milho por palma forrageira sobre o consumo de MS, MS (%PV) e agua por cabras em lactacao. Foram utilizadas 10 cabras multiparas (40±6 Kg) de duas racas (Saanen, n=5; Parda Alpina, n=5) alocadas em dois quadrados latinos de acordo com a raca avaliadas em cinco periodos de 15 dias e cinco tratamentos com os seguintes niveis de substituicao: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. O consumo de MS e de MS (%PV) aumentou linearmente (P<0,05) com valores variando de 1950 a 2315g/dia, e de 4,38 a 5,23 %PV. O consumo de agua reduziu de forma linear (P<0,05), com valores medios variando de 5,23 a 0,12Kg/dia, provocado pela ingestao de agua da palma que aumentou linearmente (P<0,05) com valores variando de 0 a 9,14Kg/dia. A palma forrageira pode substituir o farelo de milho aumentando o consumo de MS e contribuindo significativamente para a reducao do consumo de agua pelas cabras. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n1p64-67

Produção de Leite e Custos da Alimentação de Cabras Alimentadas com Palma Forrageira (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) em Substituição ao Farelo de Milho

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituicao do farelo de milho por palma forrageira sobre a producao de leite avaliando-se os custos com alimentacao para cabras em lactacao. Foram utilizadas 10 cabras multiparas (40±6 Kg) de duas racas (Saanen, n=5; Parda Alpina, n=5) alocadas em dois quadrados latinos de acordo com a raca avaliadas em cinco periodos de 15 dias e cinco tratamentos com os seguintes niveis de substituicao: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%. A producao de leite nao sofreu influencia significativa (P>0,05) com media de 1,815 Kg/cabra/dia, nao afetando a rentabilidade bruta media (RBM) que foi de R

Effects of increasing levels of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) in the diet of dairy goats and its contribution as a source of water.

4,54/dia. Ja a margem bruta media (MBM) e a rentabilidade media (RM) sofreram influencia significativa (P<0,05) da substituicao, cujos valores variaram de R

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yoghurts made from goat and cow milk

-0,94 para R

Chemical composition of milk from goats fed with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) in substitution to corn meal

2,16/dia e de -17,51 para 91,55 %, respectivamente. A palma forrageira pode substituir o farelo de milho sem afetar a producao de leite proporcionado maior rentabilidade para o produtor. DOI:10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v12n1p68-71