Roberto Germano Costa

Meat quality of Moxotó and Canindé goats as affected by two levels of feeding

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced feed intake on Moxotó and Canindé goat, which are native breeds of semi arid area of Brazil, by analyzing the resultant meat quality. Intact male goats of both genotypes (10 animals each), weighing about 15kg, were allocated to two feeding levels (AL: feed ad libitum and FR: feed restricted to 63% of the total feed consumed by AL). Water-holding capacity and a(∗) color parameter were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by genotype. Proximate composition, cholesterol, shear force, pH, cooking loss, and sensory scores did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between genotypes. The redness of the meat of the Canindé breed was much improved in FR goats. Although, feed restriction by 37% did affect the final live weight and mean daily gain weight, it had no effect on chemical, physical, and sensory quality of Moxotó and Canindé meat.

Níveis de energia em dietas para ovinos Santa Inês: desempenho

The intakes of dry matter (IDM), metabolizable energy (IME), ether extract (IEE), crude protein (ICP), neutral detergent fiber (INDF), acid detergent fiber (IADF) and organic matter (IOM) and the daily weight gain (WG), in kg/day, and feed conversion (FC) were determined to evaluate the effect of three dietary energy levels, for sheep. Eighteen Santa Ines sheep (averaging live weight of 20 kg six months old) were full fed diets with 2.42, 2.66 and 2.83 Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg of dry matter (DM). A randomized block design, with six replicates, was used. IDM, in kg/day, %LW, g/kg0.75, showed no effect, as the dietary energy levels increased, with average of 0.88 kg, 3.33% and 75.52 g, respectively. INDF and IADF showed linear decreasing effect, as the dietary energy levels increased. IEE and IME increased linearly, as the dietary energy levels increased. There was no significant effect for ICP, as the dietary energy levels increased. Dietary energy levels did not influence weight gain and feed conversion, that were of 0.123, 0.137, and 0.191 kg and 9.6, 8.4, and 7.0, respectively.

Influência do manejo do rebanho, das condições higiênicas da ordenha e da fase de lactação na composição química do leite de cabras Saanen

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of lactation stage in the chemical and physical characteristics of milk from Saanen goats as well as to investigate the effects of flock management, milking sanitary conditions, and lactation phase in the milk fatty acid profile. Twenty goats were randomly assigned to four groups of five animals each. Flock management differed by the presence or absence of males in the groups while milking sanitary conditions differed either by a poor or by a good milking hygiene. Milk samples were collected at 35, 85 and 135 days of lactation. Results showed that milk yield was as expected at 135 days of lactation; peak milk production was observed at 35 days of lactation and decreased linearly as lactation progressed. Milk yield, milk fat content, and milk acidity all changed according to the lactation stage. Milking sanitary conditions and flock management did not affect the milk fatty acids profile. However, milk fatty acids profile differed at different lactation stages with the greatest content of saturated fatty acids at 85 days of lactation.

Rendimento, composição tecidual e musculosidade da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com diferentes níveis de feno de flor-de-seda na dieta

This study evaluated the effects of different dietary ratios of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) hay (FSH) to silk flower hay (Calotropis procera SW) (SFH) on true, biological, and retail carcass yields, carcass cooling losses, retail cut yields, tissue composition and carcass muscularity of Santa Ines lambs. Twenty-four intact male lambs were assigned to one of the following four treatments: 100:0 FSH:SFH, 66:33 FSH:SFH , 33:66 FSH:SFH, or 0:100 FSH:SFH in a completely randomized design (six animals/treatment). Animals were slaughtered at 30.0±0.4 kg of body weight or at 70 days of experiment. There was no effect of treatments on the biological, true, and retail carcass yields, which averaged, respectively 53.17, 45.97%, and 44.34%. Except for shoulder clod and leg cuts, increasing the dietary levels of SFH significantly reduced the slaughter body weight, empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weights, retail cut yields, tissue composition, and carcass muscularity. It can be concluded that the inclusion of up to 16.5% of the diet DM (33% of the dietary forage) as SFH had no detrimental effect on carcass quality.

Níveis de energia em dietas para ovinos Santa Inês: digestibilidade aparente

The coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter (CADDM), organic matter (CADOM), crude protein (CADCP), ether extract (CADEE), total carbohydrates (CADTCHO), nonfiber carbohydrates (CADNFC), neutral detergent fiber (CADNDF) and acid detergent fiber (CADADF) were determined to evaluate the effect of the increasing dietary energy levels. The estimate of the apparent digestibility of the nutrients, using the method of fecal total collection, and the estimate of fecal dry matter production (FDMP), by the indigestible acid detergent fiber (IADF), as internal marker, were also compared. Eighteen Santa Ines sheep (averaging live weight of 20 kg and six months old) were full fed diets with 2.42; 2.66 and 2.83 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of dry matter and allotted to a randomized block design, with six replicates. FDMP estimate, using IADF, was performed to be compared with the FDMP, determined by the total feces collection. It was observed increasing linear effect for CADDM, CADOM, CADEE, CADTCHO and CADNFC, as the the dietary energy levels increased. However, CADNDF and CADADF decreased linearly and, for CADCP, there was no effect, as the the dietary energy levels increased. IADF can be used as internal marker to estimate the coefficient of apparent digestibility in sheep.

Desempenho e composição da carcaça de cordeiros deslanados terminados em confinamento com diferentes dietas

This study was performed with the objective of assessing the effects of feed and genotype on the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of lambs finished in a feedlot and estimate gross margins. Eighteen lambs of each genotype were used: Morada Nova, Santa Ines and cross-breed Dorper × Santa Ines. Feeds with low and high energetic levels consisted of 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM and 2.94 Mcal ME/kg DM, respectively. A randomized complete design was used, with a 3 × 2 factorial scheme. The diets influenced daily weight gain, empty body weight, body score, feed efficiency and feedlot days, whilst the genotype promoted differences in all the variables studied. The caloric density of the diets influenced the biological hot and cold carcass yields, and the latter two were influenced by genotype. The more energetic diet (2.94 Mcal EM/kgDM) resulted in higher absolute weights of neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg, but, in relative values, lambs fed with different energetic levels did not differ for these characteristics, regardless of the energetic level of the diet. The percentage yield of the cuts was influenced by the genotypes, except for the neck. The weights of all the cuts were influenced by genotypes. The treatment with the highest energy level resulted in the largest gross margin.

Produção e composição química do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó sob suplementação com óleo de licuri ou de mamona

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusao de oleos de licuri ou de mamona na dieta sobre a producao, a composicao quimica do leite de cabras leiteiras e a viabilidade economica dessas dietas. No delineamento experimental foram utilizadas cabras Mesticas Moxoto distribuidas em quadrado latino 5 × 5 com duas repeticoes, composto de cinco dietas: uma controle, sem lipidio suplementar, e as demais com 3% ou 5% de oleo de licuri ou de mamona. A suplementacao com 5% de oleo de licuri reduziu a producao de leite, mas nao influenciou a producao de leite corrigida para 4% de gordura. A adicao de 3% de oleo de mamona reduziu o teor de gordura e de solidos totais em comparacao ao oleo de licuri, aumentando o teor de lactose. O teor de proteina do leite, no entanto, nao foi alterado pela adicao de oleo na dieta. Os indicadores economicos apontaram a dieta controle como a mais rentavel, no entanto, a suplementacao com 3% de oleo de licuri, em comparacao ao de mamona, pode ser interessante quando o leite se destina ao processamento, em virtude do maior teor de gordura.

Características físico-químicas e perfil lipídico do leite de cabras mestiças Moxotó alimentadas com dietas suplementadas com óleo de semente de algodão ou de girassol

The effects of cottonseed and sunflower oil supplementation on milk composition were tested using crossbred Moxoto goats. Experimental diets were as follows: control, without addition of oil; addition of 3% cottonseed oil; 5% cottonseed oil; 3% sunflower oil and 5% sunflower oil (%DM). Ten confined lactating goats were allotted to a double Latin square experimental design (5 × 5). Each period was comprised by 12 days of adaptation to the diet and three days of sampling in each period. Cottonseed oil supplementation at 5 %DM increased the fat content (4.99%) and the total solid (13.48%) of milk. However, the addition of sunflower oil at 5% promoted an increase in the linolenic acid (C18:3) concentrations. Therefore, the vegetal oil addition in diets for native goats promoted an increase in the percentage of milk fat and in unsaturated fatty acid contents in milk, resulting in a product of better quality for the human health.

Características de carcaça determinadas por ultrassonografia em tempo real e pós-abate de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com diferentes níveis de energia na dieta¹

Objetivou-se avaliar as caracteristicas de carcaca por ultrassonografia em tempo real e apos o abate e a relacao entre essas caracteristicas e os rendimentos de carcaca de cordeiros de diferentes genotipos terminados em confinamento com diversos niveis de energia na dieta. Foram utilizados 54 cordeiros nao-castrados - 18 Santa Ines puros (SI), 18 ½Dorper x ½Santa Ines (Dp x SI) e 18 ½Santa Ines x ½Sem Raca Definida (SI x SRD) - com media de 150 dias de idade e peso medio de 22,60 kg no inicio do experimento. As dietas continham 17% de proteina bruta e 2,40 Mcal/kg MS e 2,90 Mcal/kg MS. As mensuracoes realizadas por ultrassonografia e diretamente na carcaca dos cordeiros apresentaram resultados similares. Os cordeiros alimentados com a dieta contendo 2,90 Mcal/kg apresentaram maior area de olho-de-lombo, melhor conformacao e acabamento de carcaca e maior quantidade de gordura pelvico-renal. Os cordeiros Dp x SI apresentaram maior area de olho-de-lombo e musculosidade por 100 kg de PV em comparacao aos SI x SRD e foram superiores a todos os genotipos quanto a espessura de gordura subcutânea, a conformacao e ao acabamento de carcaca. O marmoreio observado nos cordeiros Dp x SI foi superior aos dos Santa Ines. As correlacoes das medidas tomadas por ultrassonografia e na carcaca foram altas e significativas, exceto o marmoreio. Houve correlacao significativa entre conformacao da carcaca e acabamento, marmoreio, espessura de gordura subcutânea e gordura pelvico-renal. As gorduras de cobertura avaliadas subjetivamente e objetivamente apresentaram correlacoes altas e significativas. A dieta e o genotipo influenciam as caracteristicas de carcaca de cordeiros.

Body composition and nutritional requirements of protein and energy for body weight gain of lambs browsing in a tropical semiarid region

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a composicao corporal em gordura, proteina e energia e as exigencias nutricionais para ganho de peso em cordeiros em sistema de pastejo na regiao semi-arida. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros Santa Ines, castrados, com peso inicial de 15,8 kg ± 1,4 kg e idade variando entre 3 e 4 meses. Desses animais, oito cordeiros foram abatidos no inicio do experimento, como animais-referencia, para determinacao da composicao corporal inicial na metodologia do abate comparativo. Os 24 animais remanescentes foram utilizados em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com tres tratamentos e oito blocos. Cada um dos oito blocos experimentais foi composto inicialmente de tres cordeiros de 15 kg, aos quais foram aplicados os tratamentos (0,0, 1,0 e 1,5% do peso vivo do animal de suplementacao diaria com mistura concentrada composta de fuba de milho, farelo de soja e mistura mineral, ajustada para ganho de peso medio diario estimado em 200 g) aleatoriamente designados. Quando um dos animais de cada lote atingiu 30 kg de peso, os tres animais do lote foram abatidos. Os valores estimados de composicao corporal variaram de 171,59 a 145,84 g de proteina/kg de peso do corpo vazio (PCV); 0,53 a 319 g de gordura/kg de PCV; e 2,06 a 3,90 Mcal/kg de PCV para animais de 15 a 30 kg de PCV. As exigencias liquidas para ganho medio de 200 g/dia variaram de 25,99 a 22,09 g de proteina e de 0,311 a 0,591 Mcal de energia para animais de 15 a 30 kg de PV, respectivamente. Cordeiros Santa Ines em pastejo na regiao semi-arida necessitam de mais proteina e menos energia que cordeiros confinados em regioes temperadas ou confinados em areas tropicais como reportado na literatura.