Edward Meller

FERTILISER VALUE AND TRACE ELEMENT CONTENT OF COMPOSTS PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT WASTES

Composting process provides a valuable material improving physical and chemical properties of soil. The quality of the obtained compost depends to a great extent on the kind of material subjected to stabilisation. Composting biodegradable products may result in the end product exceeding heavy metal limits that cannot be used in agriculture. The studies included composts produced in the compost plant in Kołobrzeg, the Municipal Waste Recovery and Storage Plant in Leśno Górne and the Waste Managemant Plant in Wardyń Górny. Composts were made from municipal solid waste, sewage sludge with straw and sawmill waste, and from urban green waste. The following determinations were determined: morphological composition, total content of macroelements and microelements and the level of these elements soluble in HCl at the concentration of 0.5 mol∙dm-3. The examined composts contained the amounts of total Pb, Ni and Cd allowing for their use in agriculture and the compost from sewage sludge, straw and sawmill waste, turned out to have the best utilisation properties.

Some Chemical Properties of Sandy Soils Affected by Uncontrolled Dump Sites in the West Pomeranian Province

Kształtowanie Się Niektórych Właściwości Chemicznych Gleb Piaszczystych Pod Wpływem Oddziaływania Niekontrolowanych Wysypisk Odpadów w Województwie Zachodniopomorskim Some Chemical Properties of Sandy Soils Affected by Uncontrolled Dump Sites in the West Pomeranian Province The studies included eight field objects on soils with granulometric composition of loose and slightly loamy sand, under uncontrolled dump sites. Two sandy objects situated in forests were also examined. The impact of dump sites on the chemical properties of sandy soils was assessed by comparing the results for the samples collected from the surface soil layer under the dump site and adjoining sandy arable land or forest. Waste material in the surface layer of soils developed from loose or slightly loamy sand distinctly increased the amount of admixtures, slightly decreased acidity but did not cause the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu). Slightly elevated amounts, in comparison with the content obtained for adjacent arable land and forest, were observed sporadically and at some points with the increase of organic matter, especially in forest soils. Contaminants from the waste dumped on sandy area or sandy exploitation pit migrate to deeper soil layers or adjacent water-courses, small bodies of water, and lakes.

Glebokie Lake in Szczecin after hydrotechnical regulations

Abstract Water quality of the Glebokie Lake in Szczecin (NW-Poland) was studied in years 2012-2014. Glebokie Lake is a reservoir with a negative water balance related to the location draining groundwater drinking water intake for Szczecin agglomeration. In 2004 hydrotechnical regulations were conducted aimed at maintaining a constant amount of water in the lake, which involved a temporary feeding Glebokie Lake with Gunica River waters. In order to determine the hydrochemical status of the Lake waters and the factors shaping water quality - 19 water quality indices within 25 months were measured: temperature, pH and water oxygen status, nutrients (N, P) and ionic macrocomponents and Fetot. Trophic status of the lake waters using the Carlson criteria was defined. On the basis of chemometric analysis of measurement data (CA, PCA/FA and DA) we established that statistically significant factors affecting water quality in the study period were: seasonal (the climatic seasons) changes in the biological processes activity, periodical (in April and November) waters inflows from the Gunica River, anthropopressure in during swimming season and the coagulant (FeSO4) presence in the ecosystem. The possibility of applying the chemometric techniques to interpret measurement data in the lake type like Glebokie Lake with a small amount of data has been shown.

Influence of Uncontrolled Dump Sites on Some Chemical Properties of Organic and Mineral Soils Developed from Clay and Loam in West Pomeranian

Wpływ Niekontrolowanych Wysypisk Odpadów na Niektóre Chemiczne Właściwości Gleb Organicznych Oraz Mineralnych Wytworzonych z Glin i Iłów w Województwie Zachodniopomorskim Influence of Uncontrolled Dump Sites on Some Chemical Properties of Organic and Mineral Soils Developed from Clay and Loam in West Pomeranian The influence of uncontrolled dump sites on chemical properties of organic and mineral grey-brown podsolic soils, developed from clay and loam was assessed by the comparison of results obtained for the samples taken both from the surface soil layer under the dump site and adjacent arable land. Altogether 83 soil samples were examined to determine: pHKCl, loss at burning, the content of P, K, Mg, and the content of P, K, Mg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu soluble in the mixture of concentrated HNO3+HClO4. The content of heavy metals in four samples of dominating waste fraction on uncontrolled dump site in the area of the former object of the Soviet Army in Kluczewo (municipality Stargard Szczeciński) was also determined. The surface layer 0-20 cm of organic soil under the dump site contained, in comparison with adjacent grassland soil, increased amounts of anthropogenic admixtures, and on average 195 times more Cd, 2.83 times more Pb, 2.08 times more Zn and 1.7 times more Cu. In the surface layer 0-30 cm of soils developed from clay and loam under the dump site, the amount of anthropogenic admixtures was also increased, acidity was slighty lower, and there was on average 3.89 times more Cd, 9.93 times more Pb, 6.67 times more Zn and 12.77 times more Cu than in adjacent arable land.

Morphological and Physical Properties of Dehydrated Holocene Carbonate Limnic Deposits in Post-Bog Areas of NW Poland

Holocene limnic deposits characteristic of the average latitudes have partially outcropped as a result of young glacial sculpture aging. The change of the environment from limnic to telmatic and often the interference of a man associated with the regulation of water relations led to the emergence of limnic deposits that underwent the process of pedogenesis. In this work, 137 samples of carbonate deposits from 6 sites in NW Poland were analyzed in terms of their physical properties. Carbonate sediments were subject to determination of specific and bulk densities, total porosity and air porosity, current and capillary water capacity. On the basis of CaCO3 content, combustion loss, and non-lime mineral content, the studied sediments were classified into three groups: lacustrine chalk, calcareous gyttja, and clay-calcareous gyttja. Studies have shown that the sediments subject to pedogenesis in the top levels have characteristic morphological features in the form of cracks and numerous channels and iron fills in the form of spotted, streaked or marbled mosaic. The top levels of sediments, as a result of dehydration, clearly increase their bulk density. Properties of the lake chalk were formed mainly by the proportion of organic matter and CaCO3, while in the case of carbonate gyttja, the influence of mineral parts of the non-lime substances is also highlighted. In the top of carbonate sediments, there is a decrease in general and capillary porosity and an increase in the share of macropores.

The Effect of Organic Fertilisation of Liquid Manure and the PRP Fix Preparation on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Winter Rape Seeds and Spring Wheat Grain

In 2011–2013, a field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Evaluation in Szczecin-Dąbie. The experiment aimed at determining the effect of slurry without and with addition of increasing PRP Fix preparation doses on the crop yields and some of their qualitative traits. The soil where the experiment was set up was slightly acidic (pHKCL 5.95); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were 0.86, 1.55 and 2.70 g·kg-1 d.m., respectively. The total content of macro-elements for this type of soil was average. The content of bioavailable forms of phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was average, while that of potassium was high. The content of organic carbon in soil was low, while the C:N ratio was 10.2:1 and was average for that type of soils. The obtained results show that the applied fertilisation with slurry combined with PRP Fix preparation and PK fertilisation increased the yield of winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain and the content of macro-elements being examined in them. The yields of the test plants were larger in the fertilisation objects where fertilisation with slurry with addition of 8 kg PRP Fix preparation per 1 m3 slurry was applied, when compared to those where only mineral fertilisation or slurry was used. Winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain usually contained more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur in the fertilisation objects being fertilised with slurry with PRP Fix preparation in the amount of 8 or 12 kg per 1 m3 slurry with additional PK fertilisation (experimental series II) compared to experimental series I without additional PK fertilisation. Differences in the content of macro-elements in test plants after application of the fertilisation scheme being used varied. These differences were not always significant.

Wybrane właściwooeci gleb murszowatych wykształconych na piaskach fluwioglacjalnych i limnicznych osadach wapiennych / Selected Properties of Moorsh-Like Soils Developed from Fluvio-Glacial Sand and Limnic Limestone

Abstract Parent material of moorsh-like soils in Poland usually are mineral formations of fluvio-glacial origin or limnic limestone. The aim of the studies was to determine selected chemical properties of moorsh-like soils developed from mineral deposits and limnic limestone located within the province of Western Pomerania (north Poland). The studies showed that the chemical properties of the moorsh-like horizon (Au) are considerably affected by the underlying material. The horizon developed from limnic limestone contained statistically significant higher amounts P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Co compared to the moorsh-like horizon developed from fluvio-glacial sands. No statistically significant influence of the underlaying material on the content of K, Na, Zn and Cd in the surface horizon was found.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE BIODEGRADABLE FRACTION AND EVALUATION OF ITS PROCESSING

A growing interest in Renewable Energy Sources initiated the use of biogas as an energy generating material. Biodegradable waste coming from different streams is an important resource for biogas production. The studies were conducted on 20–80 mm fraction of municipal waste separated by rotary screen in the technological process of The Waste Recovery and Storage Plant in Leśno Gorne. Morphological composition of the examined waste and their parameters determining their usefulness for composting and fermentation were analysed. On the basis of organic carbon content, the amount of biogas that may be produced from 1 kg of waste was estimated. An approximate amount of biogas which can be obtained in the process of methane fermentation from energy piles, formed from 10 000 Mg of waste was also calculated. Depending on the temperature it was from. 2.8 to 3.8 mln m3.

WPŁYW WARUNKÓW SIEDLISKOWYCH NA SKŁAD FLORYSTYCZNY, WARTOŚĆ UŻYTKOWĄ I WALORY PRZYRODNICZE UŻYTKÓW ZIELONYCH POŁOŻONYCH NAD JEZIOREM MIEDWIE

STRESZCZENIE Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2007–2009 na uzytkach zielonych, stanowiących obszar w sąsiedztwie jeziora Miedwie, w miejscowości Ryszewo. Badaniami objeto uzytki zielone polozone na roznie uwilgotnionych glebach: murszowo-glejowych (3 obiekty badawcze), murszowatej (1 obiekt badawczy) i deluwialnej czarnoziemnej typowej (1 obiekt badawczy). Wymienione gleby roznią sie, poza uwilgotnieniem, przede wszystkim zawartością materii organicznej w poziomie powierzchniowym, zdecydowanie wyzszą jej ilością charakteryzują sie gleby pobagienne (murszowo-glejowe). Na wydzielonych powierzchniach pobierano w terminie zbioru I pokosu proby roślinne do analiz florystycznych runi, wykonywanych metodą botaniczno-wagową. Wartośc uzytkową runi poszczegolnych zbiorowisk określono na podstawie liczb wartości uzytkowej (Lwu) , a walory przyrodnicze wedlug liczb waloryzacyjnych (Lwp). Zroznicowane warunki siedliskowe na analizowanym terenie mialy istotny wplyw na charakter szaty roślinnej, a mianowicie – na glebie deluwialnej czarnoziemnej typowej o najnizszym poziomie wody gruntowej uksztaltowalo sie zbiorowisko roślinne typu Arrhenatherum elatius z Festuca pratensis, na glebie murszowatej w warunkach duzego uwilgotnienia uksztaltowalo sie zbiorowisko typu Festuca rubra z Poa trivialis, na glebie murszowo-glejowej w warunkach nizszego poziomu wody gruntowej (74–78 cm) zbiorowiska typu Alopecurus pratesis z Phalaris arundinacea i Alopecurus pratesis z Festuca rubra. W warunkach najwiekszego uwilgotnienia siedliska (63 cm) na glebie murszowo-glejowej uksztaltowalo sie zbiorowisko typu Phragmites australis z Phalaris arindinacea. Stwierdzono, ze zbiorowiska roślinne z wyzszą wartością uzytkową runi charakteryzowaly sie nizszą wartością przyrodniczą. Najwieksze roznice pomiedzy wartością uzytkową, a przyrodniczą runi wystąpily na ląkach kośnych uzytkowanych rolniczo, czyli na I, II i V obiekcie badawczym. Slowa kluczowe: gleba, sklad florystyczny, wartośc uzytkowa, walory przyrodnicze.

Wpływ warunków siedliskowych na skład florystyczny, wartość użytkową i walory przyrodnicze użytków zielonych położonych nad jeziorem Miedwie

STRESZCZENIE Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2007–2009 na uzytkach zielonych, stanowiących obszar w sąsiedztwie jeziora Miedwie, w miejscowości Ryszewo. Badaniami objeto uzytki zielone polozone na roznie uwilgotnionych glebach: murszowo-glejowych (3 obiekty badawcze), murszowatej (1 obiekt badawczy) i deluwialnej czarnoziemnej typowej (1 obiekt badawczy). Wymienione gleby roznią sie, poza uwilgotnieniem, przede wszystkim zawartością materii organicznej w poziomie powierzchniowym, zdecydowanie wyzszą jej ilością charakteryzują sie gleby pobagienne (murszowo-glejowe). Na wydzielonych powierzchniach pobierano w terminie zbioru I pokosu proby roślinne do analiz florystycznych runi, wykonywanych metodą botaniczno-wagową. Wartośc uzytkową runi poszczegolnych zbiorowisk określono na podstawie liczb wartości uzytkowej (Lwu) , a walory przyrodnicze wedlug liczb waloryzacyjnych (Lwp). Zroznicowane warunki siedliskowe na analizowanym terenie mialy istotny wplyw na charakter szaty roślinnej, a mianowicie – na glebie deluwialnej czarnoziemnej typowej o najnizszym poziomie wody gruntowej uksztaltowalo sie zbiorowisko roślinne typu Arrhenatherum elatius z Festuca pratensis, na glebie murszowatej w warunkach duzego uwilgotnienia uksztaltowalo sie zbiorowisko typu Festuca rubra z Poa trivialis, na glebie murszowo-glejowej w warunkach nizszego poziomu wody gruntowej (74–78 cm) zbiorowiska typu Alopecurus pratesis z Phalaris arundinacea i Alopecurus pratesis z Festuca rubra. W warunkach najwiekszego uwilgotnienia siedliska (63 cm) na glebie murszowo-glejowej uksztaltowalo sie zbiorowisko typu Phragmites australis z Phalaris arindinacea. Stwierdzono, ze zbiorowiska roślinne z wyzszą wartością uzytkową runi charakteryzowaly sie nizszą wartością przyrodniczą. Najwieksze roznice pomiedzy wartością uzytkową, a przyrodniczą runi wystąpily na ląkach kośnych uzytkowanych rolniczo, czyli na I, II i V obiekcie badawczym. Slowa kluczowe: gleba, sklad florystyczny, wartośc uzytkowa, walory przyrodnicze.