Ryszard Malinowski

Some Chemical Properties of Sandy Soils Affected by Uncontrolled Dump Sites in the West Pomeranian Province

Kształtowanie Się Niektórych Właściwości Chemicznych Gleb Piaszczystych Pod Wpływem Oddziaływania Niekontrolowanych Wysypisk Odpadów w Województwie Zachodniopomorskim Some Chemical Properties of Sandy Soils Affected by Uncontrolled Dump Sites in the West Pomeranian Province The studies included eight field objects on soils with granulometric composition of loose and slightly loamy sand, under uncontrolled dump sites. Two sandy objects situated in forests were also examined. The impact of dump sites on the chemical properties of sandy soils was assessed by comparing the results for the samples collected from the surface soil layer under the dump site and adjoining sandy arable land or forest. Waste material in the surface layer of soils developed from loose or slightly loamy sand distinctly increased the amount of admixtures, slightly decreased acidity but did not cause the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu). Slightly elevated amounts, in comparison with the content obtained for adjacent arable land and forest, were observed sporadically and at some points with the increase of organic matter, especially in forest soils. Contaminants from the waste dumped on sandy area or sandy exploitation pit migrate to deeper soil layers or adjacent water-courses, small bodies of water, and lakes.

Synanthropization of the Baltic-type raised bog "Roby" (NW Poland).

Abstract Raised and transitional peat bogs, despite their considerable resistance to synanthropization, as a result of anthropogenic transformations are exposed to the colonisation by alien species. One of them is the peatland “Roby”, where, in the years 2007-2009 and 2014, floristic, phytosociological and soil studies were carried out in order to record the signs of ongoing synanthropization. Conducted observations and analyses indicated that the expansion of willows has taken place and at present they occupy a large part of the bog, encroaching into bog birch forest and successfully competing with Myrica gale. Progressive peat mineralisation and constructed surfaced roads within the bog, contributed to the appearance and wide distribution of synanthropic species, such as: Urtica dioica, Impatiens parviflora and Spiraea salicifolia. Raised bog communities and their characteristic species occur on a few fragments of the bog, in north-western part, where water regime is shaped mainly by precipitation and peat deposit is fairly well-preserved. At the same time, in the patches of these communities, a distinct unfavourable increase in the share of Molinia caerulea is observed.

Influence of Uncontrolled Dump Sites on Some Chemical Properties of Organic and Mineral Soils Developed from Clay and Loam in West Pomeranian

Wpływ Niekontrolowanych Wysypisk Odpadów na Niektóre Chemiczne Właściwości Gleb Organicznych Oraz Mineralnych Wytworzonych z Glin i Iłów w Województwie Zachodniopomorskim Influence of Uncontrolled Dump Sites on Some Chemical Properties of Organic and Mineral Soils Developed from Clay and Loam in West Pomeranian The influence of uncontrolled dump sites on chemical properties of organic and mineral grey-brown podsolic soils, developed from clay and loam was assessed by the comparison of results obtained for the samples taken both from the surface soil layer under the dump site and adjacent arable land. Altogether 83 soil samples were examined to determine: pHKCl, loss at burning, the content of P, K, Mg, and the content of P, K, Mg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu soluble in the mixture of concentrated HNO3+HClO4. The content of heavy metals in four samples of dominating waste fraction on uncontrolled dump site in the area of the former object of the Soviet Army in Kluczewo (municipality Stargard Szczeciński) was also determined. The surface layer 0-20 cm of organic soil under the dump site contained, in comparison with adjacent grassland soil, increased amounts of anthropogenic admixtures, and on average 195 times more Cd, 2.83 times more Pb, 2.08 times more Zn and 1.7 times more Cu. In the surface layer 0-30 cm of soils developed from clay and loam under the dump site, the amount of anthropogenic admixtures was also increased, acidity was slighty lower, and there was on average 3.89 times more Cd, 9.93 times more Pb, 6.67 times more Zn and 12.77 times more Cu than in adjacent arable land.

Coastal acid sulphate soils in Poland: a review

Abstract This paper presents the state of knowledge on coastal acid sulphate soils in Poland. The properties of these soils are closely related to the influence of brackish water from the Baltic Sea, high accumulation of organic matter and human activity. The obtained results demonstrate that the sulphide accumulation in soils refers to a relatively small areas of the Polish coastal zone with the unique and very valuable habitats. They require an adequate regulation of the water relations to avoid the risk of strong soil acidification and environmental pollution by heavy metals. Currently, there are no relevant criteria for classification of acid sulphate soil materials in the Polish Soil Classification (2011). Therefore, based on the presented data, the authors proposed to identify these features at the lower classification level (for different soil types). The criteria for the Thionic and Sulfidic qualifiers used in the WRB classification (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) could be accepted for this purpose.

Chemical properties of selected soils of the Ina Valley near Sławęcin village

Abstract The research area is located in the Ina Valley of the West Pomeranian Voivods hip, along the border between two counties Choszczno and Stargard. The majority of this area is covered by the largest wetland in Western Pomerania, which is under legal protection. The aim of the study was to identify chemical properties and typological variability of organic soils of the Ina Valley. On the basis of field studies, four sites that were characterised by the main soil types occurring on the study area were designated. By the river bed, a narrow strip of alluvial, clay-organic sediments was found, from which muddy-gley soils developed. The largest part of the central valley was composed of organic low moor peat deposits, from which organic fibric-muck soils, in the third degree of decomposition, evolved. The edge of the valley, on shallow organic sediments, was covered by highly decomposed organic sapricmuck and mucky soils. The richest resources of organic matter were recorded in fibric-muck soils and the poorest in muddy-gley soils. The reaction of soils derived from peat was slightly acid or neutral and alkaline for alluvial deposits. All examined soils were characterised by a very low content of available phosphorus and potassium whereas the amount of available magnesium varied, depending on the soil subtype. Very low concentrations of available magnesium were obtained in sapric-muck and mucky soils, medium in muddy gley soils and high or very high in fibric-muck soils. Total forms of microelements were present in considerable quantities and a very high share of available potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in relation to total forms, in fibric-muck soil, attracts attention. In the case of other soil subtypes, only a high share of available calcium is observed.

Content of chemical elements in soils and grassland vegetation in southern part of Gryfiński Polder within Lower Odra Valley Landscape Park@@@Cheminių elementų koncentracijos Gryfiński polderio pietinės dalies, Žemutinės Odros slėnio kraštovaizdžio draustinio dirvožemiuose ir pievų augalijoje

The Miedzyodrze area in the Lower Odra Valley is filled with one of the larger peat deposits in Poland; its fragments occur even in the Szczecin agglomeration.This vast and hardly accessible landscape of swamps and marshy meadows as well as the rich diversity of flora and fauna species contributed to the establishment of Polish–German Landscape Park on the area of 60.09 km