Eitaro Koyabu

Effects of Periodic Wake Passing Upon Flat-Plate Boundary Layers Experiencing Favorable and Adverse Pressure Gradients

This paper deals with the investigation of wake-disturbed boundary layer on a flatplate model with an elliptic leading edge. The wakes are generated by the transversely moving bars in front of the test model. The main focus of this paper is how the wake passage affects the transitional behavior of the boundary layer under the influence of favorable and adverse pressure gradients over the test surface. Detailed measurements of the boundary layer are conducted by the use of hot-wire anemometry. An ensemble-averaging technique is also employed in order to extract the periodic events associated with the wake passage from the acquired data. The previously observed dependence of wake-induced transition on the movement of the wake generating bar is confirmed. It is also found that the wake passage induces a significant change in the flow structure downstream of the flow acceleration region.

Studies on Wake-Induced Bypass Transition of Flat-Plate Boundary Layers Under Pressure Gradients and Free-Stream Turbulence

This study investigates wake-induced bypass transition of a flat-plate boundary layer that experiences favorable and adverse pressure gradients. The effect of free-stream turbulence is also examined. This paper mainly focuses on how the pressure gradients affect the transitional behavior of the wake-disturbed boundary layer with and without the influence of free-stream turbulence. A wall-contouring of the test duct generates the flow acceleration and deceleration on the flat plate, emulating aft-loading or front-loading pressure distributions of actual turbine blades. A spoked-wheel type wake generator is used to produce wakes moving over the boundary layer. Detailed boundary layer measurements are performed by use of a hot-wire anemometer. In addition to velocity fluctuations, which clearly indicate transition process, intermittency factors are obtained and compared with the results given by a transition model. Noticeable differences in transitional behavior are observed between the cases with and without the enhanced free-stream turbulence. It is also confirmed that the wake width as well as the direction of the bar movement are influential factors to the bypass transition.Copyright

Experimental Studies on Wake-Induced Transition of Turbulent Boundary Layers

Wake-induced bypass transition of boundary layers on a flat plate subjected to favorable and adverse pressure gradients was investigated. Detailed boundary layer measurements were conducted using two hot-wire probes. A spoked-wheel-type wake generator was used to create periodic wakes in front of the flat plate. The main focus of this study was to reveal the effect of the Strouhal number, which changed by using different numbers of wake-generating bars, on the turbulence intensity distribution and the transition onset position of the boundary layer on the flat plate using two hot-wire probes.Copyright

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF A LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURE IN A CIRCULAR PIPE ELECTRODE

A circular pipe electrode was developed to control the pressure and the flow rate of the ER(Electro-rheological) fluids by one of the authors. The shape of the electrode is a circular pipe and some parts of the inner surface of the pipe are the electrode. The diameter of the tube is 1mm and the four pairs of the electrode are used. In the present study a liquid crystal mixture is selected for a homogeneous ER fluid and the pressure drop of the circular pipe electrode is measured for the constant flow rates under application of the voltages. The voltages are added in the peripheral direction. The director which is the average direction of the molecular of the liquid crystal is perpendicular to the flow direction. On the other hands, numerical analysis of the electric fields and the flow in the circular pipe electrode is conducted and the relations between the flow rate and the pressure are obtained for various electric field intensities, which almost agree with experimental results. The emphasized point of the present flow analysis is assuming that the viscosity of a liquid crystal mixture distributes in the flow field. Furthermore the pulse-wave voltages are added to the electrodes to control the pressure drop using the pulse width modulation. It is found that the pressure can be controlled using the pulse width modulation in the some range of the parameters.

Study on Improvement of the Suction Valve Using PIV Technique

The simplified test model of the commercial reciprocating compressor for an automotive air-conditioner is used to measure the displacement of the suction valves using a strain gauge and to investigate the velocity distributions of the discharge flow from the valves using the particle image velocimetry system. This paper is focused on the effects of shape of the suction valve on the vibration-reduction. The size of the suction valve hole and the width of the tip of the suction valve are changed as main parameters of the valve shape. First, the size of the conventional valve hole and the width of the tip of the conventional valve are changed and seven new valves are manufactured to reduce the vibration of the valve. Consequently, it is found that one shape of the new valves is the most effective for the vibration-reduction. Next, the influence of the natural frequency on the vibration-reduction is investigated using one shape of the new valves by changing the material and the thickness of the valve. In addition, the relation between the conventional valve and the new valves are also estimated by the pressure loss. Finally, the reason of the vibration-reduction for one shape of the new valves is discussed from the results of the flow analysis around the valve. The vibration-reduction for one shape of the new valves is confirmed by measurement of the displacement of the valve in the reciprocating compressor for the automotive air-conditioner.© 2005 ASME