Eliana de Fátima Marques de Mesquita

Monitoramento histopatológico de mexilhão Perna perna da Lagoa de Itaipu, Niterói, RJ

Histologic sections of 120 mussels Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758), from Itaipu Lagoon, Niteroi, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were examined for the presence of parasites and lesions during a period of 12 months. Ninety mussels showed five different pathological processes: bucephalosis, protozoan Nematopsis sp., basophilic non-specific inclusions, parasitic encapsulations and ctenidia epithelial cysts. Fifty animals presented two or more pathological processes at the same time.

Aspectos gametogênicos e histoquímicos de Iphigenia brasiliana (Lamarck) (Bivalvia, Donacidae) da Lagoa de Itaipu, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Gametogenic and histochemical aspects of an edible bivalve, lphigenia brasiliana (Lamarek, 1818) from Itaipu Lagoon, Niteroi, State of Rio de Janeiro, were studied. Between May 1998 and October 1999 a total of 120 clams were picked up. Samples of 10 animals were collected once a month. Specimens were fixed in Bouins fixative for 4 hours or less and transferred to 10% formalin for 24 hours. The shell lenght has been measured with the valves lightly opened to permit the penetration of fixative solution deeply in the tissues. Transverse sections including digestive diverticula, mantle, gills, gonad and foot were obtained from the total body. After fixative treatment, tissues sections were embedded in paraffin, cut routinely at 5 µm and stained with Harriss hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic analysis was carried out at low and high dry magnifications, as well as under oil immersion. Advanced ova stages were measured. Special staining techniques have been applied as a tentative tool for searching glycogen, mucous cells, collagenic and reticulin fibers, RNA and protozoan organisms. The animals collected showed variation in lenght from 7.20 cm to 4.10 cm and in height from 4.60 cm to 3.10 cm. The sex ratio (M:F) was 40:69. The average ova diameter of I. brasiliana was 34.70 µm with a standard deviation of 5.19 µm. Nothing could be observed in I. brasiliana, concerning to lesions and parasites at histopathological analysis.

Ciclo reprodutivo do mexilhão Perna perna (Linnaeus) (Molusca, Bivalvia) da Lagoa de Itaipu, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The gametogenic aspects of mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) from Itaipu Lagoon, Niteroi, were studied through November 1998 to October 1999. Microscopic analysis was carried out at low and high dry magnifications, as well as under oil immersion. The animals collected showed variation of size from 4.8 to 9.1 cm in total length and from 2.0 to 3.9 cm in total width. Most advanced gonadal stage was detected through May, August and October of 1999 for female specimens. Male advanced gonadal stage occurred in September of the same year. The sex-ratio (M:F) for P. perna was 64:52.

Epitheliocystis disease in Tilapia nilotica (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Branchial cysts are described in eight specimens of Tilapia nilotica from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cysts consisted of hypertrophy of branchial epithelial cells, which dysplayed a single basophilic corpuscle. The disease reported has the microscopic hallmarks of epitheliocystis.

Ichthyophthirius multifilis (Protozoa) in Gasteropelecus sternicola (Linnaeus, 1758) collected in the area of Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

The present study describes for the first time Ichthyophthirius multifilis infecting twenty ornamental fishes Gasteropelecus sternicola (white butterfly fish). Parasites were found in 100% of examined fishes. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used in this exam. SEM showed fins destroyed by the parasites action. High prevalence of the parasitism has a high concern as those fishes are of commercial importance for Brazil.

Qualidade microbiológica no glaciamento de peixe-prego.

The glazing by the dipping method in cold water is largely used in seafood industries because it prevents the dehydration and lipid oxidation during frozen storage. The control of the quality of the glazing water such as the use of potable water and the frequent renewal is essential to avoid the contamination of the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the glazing water on the quality of the glazed fish, as well as the water used during the processing. It was concluded that the fish contamination affected the glazing water quality, however, in the short-term, was not observed larger fish contamination during the processing. Furthermore, the hyperchlorinated water (5,0 x 103 g L-1) did not prevent the contamination of the glazing water during de processing. It is suggested the use of antimicrobial additives in the glazing water to reduce the microbial contamination during storage.

Primeiro relato de Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (Raphidascarididae) em bijupirá de criação, Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766), no Brasil

The aim of this study was to record the occurrence of nematode larvae of the Raphidascarididae family, Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum in cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) grown and fed with trashfish in marine farms located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, warning regarding possible zoonotic risk using this type of food for fish. Fifteen animals were necropsied. Parasites found were collected, fixed and later preserved in alcohol 70°GL, clarified and identified. In all animals necropsied, only one specimen was infested with a Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum larvae in the serosa of fish liver. It is concluded that the presence of the parasite in cobia culture fed with trashfish may be associated with a potential zoonotic risk.

Histamina e rastreamento de pescado: revisão de literatura

A preocupacao com a qualidade do pescado sempre foi um tema recorrente, visto que e um alimento de alto valor nutricional para toda populacao, porem com grande susceptibilidade a deterioracao e formacao de substâncias prejudiciais ao homem, caso nao sejam obedecidas as condicoes de conservacao. Um exemplo de substância formada e a histamina, uma diamina biogenica primaria e heterociclica, nao volatil, termoestavel, originada pela descarboxilacao da L-histidina, quando as condicoes de manuseio e estocagem sao inadequadas, favorecendo a multiplicacao da microbiota natural do pescado. A histamina possui potencial alergenico, podendo causar um quadro de intoxicacao no ser humano e, em casos graves, levar a morte. Para tal problema, um sistema de rastreabilidade poderia ser a solucao. Seu objetivo e garantir ao consumidor um produto seguro e saudavel por meio do controle de todas as fases da producao, industrializacao, distribuicao e comercializacao, possibilitando uma perfeita correlacao entre o produto final e a materia-prima que lhe deu origem. Em diversos paises existem atualmente sistemas de rastreabilidade controlando a cadeia de pescado. No Brasil, varios entraves podem ser apontados para a nao obrigatoriedade da rastreabilidade em pescado. A divisao de regulamentacao do setor entre diferentes orgaos, tais como Ministerio da Pesca e Aquicultura (MPA), Ministerio da Agricultura, Pecuaria e Abastecimento (MAPA) e a Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria (ANVISA), a falta de articulacao entre esses orgaos fiscalizadores, a baixa capacitacao de mao de obra e a desvalorizacao dos produtos da pesca, o que trazem a descapitalizacao da base da cadeia produtiva. De tal maneira, pode-se afirmar que ha uma serie de desafios para que ocorra a implantacao de um sistema de rastreabilidade em territorio nacional. De acordo com o exposto, este estudo objetivou, atraves de uma revisao bibliografica sistematica da literatura, informar a situacao atual da escombrotoxicose e da rastreabilidade da histamina em pescado.

Influência da aplicação de irradiação por feixe de elétrons na qualidade microbiológica de filés de corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) refrigerados

The proper handling of fish from capture to technological processing, as well as maintenance of sanitary conditions and the quality of water, can influence the initial microbial load presented. In order to slow down the deterioration process, the reduction of losses and eminent risk to public health as the spread of etiological agents of foodborne illness are different methods used for storage. Electron beams are used in several countries and lead to the destruction of microorganisms by changes in their structures, which occur by removing electrons from their atoms. The objective in the present study contributes to the evaluation of electron beam irradiation efficiency in microbiological quality of chilled croaker fillets (M. furnieri), landed in Niteroi - RJ, Brazil. Were performed Bacteria Count Heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic bacteria Heterotrophic Aerobic and enumeration of Enterococcus spp. and subsequently compared to the control group of samples with the groups irradiated at doses of 0.7 and 1.0kGy. Whole fish were purchased from the Itaipu pier, threaded on the market, vacuum packed and kept at ±4°C. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05) in any of the analyzes, it was concluded that the application of this technology was effective in reducing the growth of the three bacteria surveyed on day zero of both irradiated groups.

PARASITISMO EM ANIMAIS SILVESTRES DO BIOMA MATA ATLÂNTICA UTILIZADA COMO CARNE DE CAÇA

Apesar de negligenciadas, as doencas parasitarias afetam a saude de grande parcela da populacao mundial, infectando milhoes de pessoas a cada ano. Apesar do enorme impacto no custo social, existe em geral uma falta de informacao sobre de onde vem esses parasitos, principalmente em relacao a seguranca do alimento. A populacao carece de programas e politicas publicas governamentais satisfatorias para controle de entrada dessas enfermidades. E necessario que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas no intuito de compreender quais sao a vias de transmissao de parasitos com potencial zoonotico que podem ser veiculados atraves da ingestao de alimentos frescos ou transformados, contaminados no ambiente da caca. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo rever na literatura o acompanhamento das pesquisas relacionadas a infestacao e infeccao parasitarias nos principais animais silvestres da Mata Atlântica que sao utilizados pela populacao como carne de caca e que nao possuem legislacao nacional da vigilância sanitaria para o seu controle.