Elif Aydogan Ayaz

Gender Difference in Prevalence of Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Retrospective Study on 243 Consecutive Patients

Background: This study evaluated the prevalence of the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) among patients with TMD symptoms. Methods: Between September 2011 and December 2011, 243 consecutive patients (171 females, 72 males, mean age 41 years) who were referred to the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon were examined physically and completed a questionnaire regarding age, gender, social status, general health, antidepressant drug usage, dental status, limited mouth opening, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, and parafunctions (bruxism, clenching). The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression model (alpha = 0.05). Results: With a frequency of 92%, pain in the temporal muscle was the most common symptom, followed by pain during mouth opening (89%) in both genders. TMJ pain at rest, pain in the masseter muscle, clicking, grinding, and anti-depressant use were significantly more frequent in females than males. Age (p=0.006; odds ratio 0.954; 95% CI 0.922-0.987) and missing teeth (p=0.003; odds ratio 3.753; 95% CI 1.589-8.863) had significant effects on the prevalence of TMD. Conclusion: Females had TMD signs and symptoms more frequently than males in the study population. The most common problem in both genders was pain.

Discoloration of provisional restorations after oral rinses.

Purpose: Oral rinses are widely used to promote periodontal health with provisional restorations during the interim period. The aim of this study was to compare the discoloration of provisional restoration materials with different oral rinses. Material and Methods: A total of 140 disc-shaped specimens (shade A2) (10 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from one PMMA-based (TemDent Classic®) and three different bis-acrylic-based (Protemp II®, Luxatemp® and Fill-In®) provisional restoration materials (n=7). The color values (L*, a*, and b*) of each specimen were measured before and after exposure with a colorimeter, and the color changes (∆E) were calculated according to the CIE L*a*b* system. The specimens were immersed in each of the 4 oral rinses (alcohol-containing mouthwash, chlorhexidine, benzydamine HCl, benzydamine HCl and chlorhexidine) twice a day for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes of immersion in the oral rinses, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. The specimens were exposed to the oral rinses and the artificial saliva for 3 weeks. Two-way ANOVA, the Bonferroni test and the paired sample t-test were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: Comparison of the discoloration from the oral rinses after immersion for three weeks revealed no significant differences (p>0.05). The lowest color change was observed in PMMA-based Temdent in all oral rinses (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the bis-acryl composites after immersion in saliva or the mixture of benzydamine HCl and chlorhexidine and the alcohol-containing mouthwash for 3 weeks (p>0.05). After immersion in chlorhexidine, the color change values of Protemp II and Fill-in showed significant differences (p=0.018). Protemp II also showed less discoloration than the other bis-acryl composites, and this color change was statistically significant (p <0.05). For all oral rinses, the L* value decreased while b* values increased, and this color change was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). A* values were found to be significantly higher with oral rinses (p<0.05), except Protemp II immersed in benzydamine HCl or alcohol-containing mouthwash. Conclusions: The type of the oral rinse did not affect the discoloration process. For long-term esthetic results, choosing MMA-based materials for provisional restorations appears to be more effective.

Achieving the desired colour in discoloured teeth, using leucite-based cad-cam laminate Systems

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cumulative effect of the abutment tooth and resin cement colour on the resultant optical properties of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) fabricated with leucite-based CAD/CAM blocks with different shades and thicknesses. METHODS A total of 224 ceramic specimens were prepared from the IPS Empress CAD with four different shades of HT-A1, LT-A1, MT-A1 and Bl-1. Resin composite discs were prepared with shade A3.5. For the cementation, 4 different shades of light-cure resin cements were chosen. L*, a*, and b* values, as well as the chroma (C) and hue (h) values of each cemented ceramic and the A1 shade table, were recorded. RESULTS L*, Cab* and hab* values of the cemented ceramics were influenced by ceramic shade, ceramic thickness, cement shade, and interaction terms of the three variables. There were significant differences between the 1-mm-thick ceramic veneers that exhibited higher L* and lower Cab* values compared with veneers that were 0.5mm in thickness. Using the Tr shade cement resulted in lower L* and higher Cab* values for all thicknesses and ceramic shades, whereas the WO shade cement resulted in higher values. CONCLUSIONS The selected colour of a laminate restoration is significantly affected by the ceramic shade, ceramic thickness and resin cement shade. Using the WO shade resin cement seems to be more effective in masking the discoloured abutment tooth. Clinicians should also select the translucency level of the ceramic block with the shade when a leucite-based CAD/CAM system is chosen to treat a discoloured tooth.

How will surface treatments affect the translucency of porcelain laminate veneers

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether surface treatments affect the translucency of laminate veneers with different shades and thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 224 disc-shaped ceramic veneers were prepared from A1, A3, HT (High Translucent) and HO (High Opaque) shades of IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) with 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thicknesses. The ceramics were divided into four groups for surface treatments. Group C: no surface treatments; Group HF: etched with hydrofluoric acid; Group SB: sandblasted with 50-µm Al2O3; and Group L; irradiated with an Er;YAG laser. A translucent shade of resin cement (Rely X Veneer, 3M ESPE) was chosen for cementation. The color values of the veneers were measured with a colorimeter and translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated. A three-way ANOVA with interactions for TP values was performed and Bonferroni tests were used when appropriate (α=0.05). RESULTS There were significant interactions between the surface treatments, ceramic shades and thicknesses (P=.001). For the 0.5-mm-thick specimens there were significant differences after the SB and L treatments. There was no significant difference between the HF and C treatments for any shades or thicknesses (P>.05). For the 1-mm-thick ceramics, there was only a significant difference between the L and C treatments for the HT shade ceramics (P=.01). There were also significant differences between the SB and C treatments except not for the HO shades (P=.768). CONCLUSION The SB and L treatments caused laminate veneers to become more opaque; however, HF treatment did not affect the TP values. When the laminate veneers were thinner, both the shade of the ceramic and the SB and laser treatments had a greater effect on the TP values.

Comparative effect of different polymerization techniques on residual monomer and hardness properties of PMMA-based denture resins

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the residual monomer and microhardness of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–based denture resins processed by using autoclave and conventional water bath techniques. Methods To determine the amount of residual methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, disk-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared from 3 different acrylic resins (Meliodent, Paladent and Qc-20). Control groups were polymerized in water bath for 30 minutes at 100°C. The study groups were prepared in an autoclave device for 60°C/30 min followed 130°C/10 min and the other group for 60°C/30 min followed by 130°C/20 min. According to standard calibration curves, ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 230 nm was used to determine the residual monomer. For the Vickers hardness measurements, disk-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared for each test group. Hardness measurements were performed with a Vickers hardness tester under a 4.91-N press load for a 30 seconds, after immersion in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p<0.05). Results Autoclave polymerization produced a significant decrease in the amount of residual monomers for all resin groups (p<0.05). This procedure also showed a significant increase in hardness for all resin groups (p<0.05). For the 3 resin groups, no significant differences were found between autoclave polymerization for 10 minutes and for 20 minutes (p>0.05). Conclusions The autoclave polymerization technique exhibited significantly lower residual monomer content and greater hardness than conventional heat polymerization.

The effect of acrylamide incorporation on the thermal and physical properties of denture resins

PURPOSE Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used denture base material despite typically low in strength. The purpose of this study was to improve the physical properties of the PMMA based denture base resins (QC-20, Dentsply Ltd., Addlestone, UK; Stellon, AD International Ltd, Dentsply, Switzerland; Acron MC; GC Lab Technologies Inc., Alsip, Japan) by copolymerization mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Control group specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer recommendations. In the copolymer groups; resins were prepared with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% acrylamide (AAm) (Merck, Hohenbrunn, Germany) content according to the moleculer weight ratio, respectively. Chemical structure was characterized by a Bruker Vertex-70 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Bruker Optics Inc., Ettlingen, Germany). Hardness was determined using an universal hardness tester (Struers Duramin, Struers A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) equipped with a Vickers diamond penetrator. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of control and copolymers were evaluated by Perkin Elmer Diamond DSC (Perkin Elmer, Massachusetts,USA). Statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical package SPSS for Windows, version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The results were tested regarding the normality of distribution with the Shapiro Wilk test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test (P<.01). RESULTS The copolymer synthesis was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Glass transition temperature of the copolymer groups were higher than the control groups of the resins. The 10%, 15% and 20% copolymer groups of Stellon presented significantly higher than the control group in terms of hardness. 15% and 20% copolymer groups of Acron MC showed significantly higher hardness values when compared to the control group of the resin. Acrylamide addition did not affect the hardness of the QC-20 resin significantly. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that copolymerization of PMMA with AAm increased the hardness value and glass transition temperature of PMMA denture base resins.

Effect of antiasthmatic medication on the surface roughness and color stability of dental restorative materials.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of antiasthmatic medication on the surface roughness and color stability of dental restorative materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated from glass ionomer (n = 20), composite resin (n = 20) and feldspathic porcelain (n = 20). Each material group was randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 10): (1) control group and (2) test group. Control groups of the specimens were kept in artificial saliva. Test groups were exposed to salbutamol sulfate (Ventolin Nebules) using an inhaler machine. Surface roughness measurements were done using a profilometry and color measurements were done with digital colorimetry at baseline and after inhalation and storing in artificial saliva. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Fishers least significant difference test were used to compare the change in surface roughness and color. The confidence level was set at 95%. Results: Inhaler treatment significantly increased the surface roughness and color change of glass ionomer and composite resin materials (p < 0.05), while the surface roughness and color of feldspathic porcelain was not changed after inhaler treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The antiasthmatic inhaler medication (salbutamol sulfate) affected the surface roughness and color of composite resin and glass ionomer restorative materials.

Reinforcement Of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material By Copolymerisation Mechanism

Protez Kaide Materyali Olarak Kullanılan Akrilik Rezinlerin Kopolimerizasyon Yöntemiyle Güçlendirilmesi Reinforcement Of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material By Copolymerisation Mechanism Elif Aydoğan Ayaz1, Rukiye Durkan2, Bora Bağış3 1Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dalı, Trabzon 2Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dalı, Afyon 3İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Protetik Diş Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dalı, İzmir

Effects of thermal cycling on surface roughness, hardness and flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate and polyamide denture base resins.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermal cycling on the surface roughness, hardness and flexural strength of denture resins. Methods Polyamide (PA; Deflex and Valplast) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; QC-20 and Acron MC) denture materials were selected. A total of 180 specimens were fabricated and then divided into 3 groups. The first group (group 1) acted as a control and was not thermocycled. The second group (group 2) was subjected to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles in artificial saliva and 5,000 cycles in distilled water. The last group (group 3) was thermocycled for 20,000 cycles in artificial saliva and 10,000 cycles in distilled water. The surface roughness were measured with a profilometer. The hardness of the resins were measured with a Vickers Hardness Tester using a 100-gf load. The flexural strength test was performed using the universal test machine with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using statistical software. The results of the measurements in the 3 different tests were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction. Multiple comparisons were made by Conover and Wilcoxon tests. Results and conclusions There was a significant difference between the PMMA and PA groups in terms of surface roughness, hardness and transverse strength before and after thermal cycling (p<0.001). Thermal cycling did not change the surface roughness, hardness and flexural strength values of either the PMMA or PA group (p>0.001).

Farklı yüzey işlemlerinin porselen restorasyonların optik özelliklerine etkisi-Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Optical Properties of Porcelain Restorations

oz Amac: Calismanin amaci porselen yuzeyine uygulanan farkli bitirme tekniklerinin, farkli porselen sistemlerin optik ozelliklerine etkisini degerlendirmektir. Gerec ve Yontem: 3 farkli porselen sisteminden farkli kalinliklarda toplam 240 adet metal destekli porselenler yapildi. Orneklere Bulgular: Porselen yuzeylerine glazur, seramik lastigi, elmas pati veya lastik ile birlikte elmas pati uygulama, porselenin optik ozelliklerinde farkliliklar olusturdu ancak birbiri aralarinda anlamli fark bulunamadi (P>0.05). Yuzey islemleri sonrasinda tum porselen yuzeylerin L* degeri artarken, a* ve b* degerleri arasinda anlamli degisiklik bulanamadi. Dusuk isi porseleninin parlakligi tum yuzey islemleri sonrasinda, geleneksel porselenlere gore daha fazla artti. sonuc: Yuzey bitirme islemleri sonrasi porselen restorasyonlarda olusan renk degisimi klinik olarak kabul edilebilir duzeydedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Porselen, glazur, optik ozellikler, yuzey islemleri natural glazur (N), glazur (G), porselen lastigi (L), porselen elmas pati (EP), porselen lastigi ve elmas pat (L)+(EP) yuzey islemleri uygulandi. Orneklerin renk degerleri (L*,a*,b*) renk olcum cihaziyla belirlendi. Istatistiksel analizler ANOVA ve Tukey HSD, eslestirilmis iki grup t-test ile yapildi (P<0.05). abstract purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different porcelain surface treatments on optical properties of different porcelain systems. Material and methods: Totally 240 metal-based porcelains were made by 3 different porcelain systems with different thicknesses. Different surface treatments as natural glaze (N), glaze (G), porcelain polish (L), porcelain diamond paste (EP), porcelain polish and diamond paste (L)+(EP) were applied on porcelain surfaces. Color values (L*,a*,b*) were determined with a color measurement device. Statistical analyses were performed with ANOVA and Tukey HSD, and Paired Sample t-test (P<0.05). Results: Glaze, porcelain polish, porcelain diamond paste or porcelain polisher and diamond paste; that applied on porcelain surfaces affected the optical properties of porcelains but there were no significant differences were found between them. After surface treatments as the L* value increased, there were no significant differences between a* and b* values. Lightness of low fusing porcelain increased more, when compared with feldspatic porcelains. Conclusion: After porcelain surface treatments color changes was found as clinically imperceptible. Keywords: Porcelain, glaze, optical properties, surface treatments