Elisio Contini

Dimensão econômica de sistemas de integração lavoura‑pecuária

Os sistemas de integracao lavoura-pecuaria (ILP) tem sido propostos como solucao tecnologica para atender criterios de sustentabilidade, mas tal assertiva tem-se baseado principalmente em indicadores agronomicos e ambientais. Neste trabalho, explorou-se a perspectiva economica da ILP. Os beneficios economicos potenciais desses sistemas podem refletir-se em economia de escopo (diminuicao do custo, em razao da producao de multiplos produtos) ou nos efeitos de reducao de risco pela diversificacao. Alem disso, eles podem envolver menor variabilidade produtiva e maior produtividade. A mensuracao acurada das interacoes entre os componentes lavoura e animal (pastagem) e etapa-chave a ser perseguida. A tomada de decisao em prol de sistemas diversificados vis-a-vis sistemas especializados deve ser feita de acordo com os precos relativos. A ILP compete com sistemas especializados de pecuaria, mas nao apresenta taxas de retorno competitivas em comparacao a sistemas especializados com soja. A elevada demanda por capital da ILP, particularmente para a aquisicao de animais em recria para a engorda, explica as menores taxas de retorno da ILP e e vista como uma das principais restricoes para a ampla adocao de sistemas mistos. O desenho de mecanismos de financiamento inovadores sera essencial para promover e acelerar a adocao em larga escala da tecnologia.

Embrapa: Its Origins and Changes

Brazil is a country of continental proportions whose gross domestic product is unevenly distributed among its various regions. The impact of general domestic economic policies has often been perceived as not being regionally neutral, but as reinforcing the geographic concentration of economic activities. This detailed book examines the regional impact of such general policies as: industrialization, agricultural modernization, privatization, stabilization, science and technology, labor, and foreign direct investment.

Jobs and growth : Brazil’s productivity agenda

Brazil enters the election year 2018 with an economy that is gradually recovering from the deepest recession in its recent economic history. This book is motivated by the need to understand the possible drivers of future income and employment growth. Shifting Brazil’s production structure to be the same as that of the United States will raise productivity by just 68 percent; making all Brazilian industries work as efficiently as their counterparts in the United States will boost productivity more than four times. This book analyses some of the factors that may be behind such low productivity. Among the most important: (a) a lack of competition both internally, thanks to a business environment that favors incumbents and hampers innovation and entry, and externally, due to high-tariff and nontariff barriers to trade; (b) government policies that have concentrated on subsidizing existing firms, and distorting capital and labor markets, rather than fostering competition and innovation; and (c) fragmented government institutions for business support that have allowed policies to persist without much regard for whether or not they had shown to be effective. The book recommends a policy shift in all three areas, with the ultimate objective to change the relationship between business and the state from one governed by perks and privileges to one built on creating a level playing field that incentivizes initiative and supports workers and firms to adjust to the demands of the market. This book fits into the context of a growing policy debate about what should be Brazil’s future development model.

Agriculture Productivity Growth in Brazil: Recent Trends and Future Prospects

This report explains about the agriculture productivity growth in Brazil.Agriculture has been an island of success in terms of productivity growth in the last decades compared to other sectors of the Brazilian economy and compared to other country’s agriculture sector.Agriculture productivity growth in recent decades in Brazil has been mainly driven by investments in agriculture innovation, facilitation of sector financing, and trade liberalization. Trade liberalization has shown to be an important factor in the growth of agriculture productivity in recent decades, which can serve as an important experience for other Brazilian economic sectors that remain relatively close to trade. Agriculture productivity has room to grow further, improving productivity of lagging mid-size farmers and regions, reforming agriculture policies towards agriculture financing, agrologistics, and research and development(RD Section three evaluates the contributions of different factors of production, such as natural, human and physical capital; Section four explores the opportunities for further maximizing agriculture growth in Brazil through increases in productivity; and Section five presents conclusions and policy recommendations on how to further maximize agriculture productivity in Brazil while having positive social (poverty reduction and jobs) and environmental impacts.