Elka Costa Santos Nascimento

Produção do girassol sob diferentes lâminas com efluentes domésticos e adubação orgânica

The use of wastewater in agricultural production promotes the sustainability of the irrigated agriculture, saving non polluted surface waters maintaining the environmental quality and serving as a source of nutrients for plants. In this manner, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions, at the UFCG, to study the production of the sunflower irrigated with domestic effluent and different levels of organic manure from July to October 2008. A randomized block design was used, with 5 levels of water necessity of the crop: 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% determined by water balance study and 4 doses of organic manuring (control - 0, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1% on weight bans) arranged in 5 x 4 factorial design, with 3 repetitions. The organic manure until the dose of 1.4% reduced the number of days for blooming of the sunflower (IF) and with 1.5% promoted maximum plant height. With the exception of IF the levels of water reposition favored the height of plant, dry weight of the aerial part, diameter of external and internal capitulum, fresh phytomass of the capitulum, number of achenes and dry weight of achenes per plant, the highest being observed with 120% replacement level. The wastewater is a potentially viable source of water supplement for sunflower, cv. Embrapa 122/V-2000.

Qualidade de flores de girassóis ornamentais irrigados com águas residuária e de abastecimento

O uso de agua residuaria tratada vem sendo praticado na atividade agricola e tende a ser uma alternativa economica e ambiental para o cultivo de flores, principalmente de corte, em que o produto final nao tem contato direto com a agua. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de flores de genotipos de girassol para corte irrigados com aguas residuaria e de abastecimento em sistema orgânico de cultivo. O ensaio foi conduzido em ambiente protegido pertencente a Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 3 repeticoes e 2 plantas por parcela, sendo 4 genotipos de girassol (EMBRAPA 122/V2000 - G1, Sol Noturno - G2, Sol Vermelho - G3 e Debilis Creme - G4), combinadas com 2 aguas de irrigacao (agua de abastecimento - A1 e agua residuaria tratada oriunda de esgoto domestico tratado - A2). A pratica do reuso se mostrou significativamente melhor para as variaveis de altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, numero de folhas, diâmetros externo e interno de capitulo, alem de numero de petalas. O melhor genotipo, de maneira geral, foi o Sol Noturno, que se destacou sobremaneira no periodo pos-colheita, com o melhor resultado de durabilidade.

Componentes de produção de pinhão manso irrigado com água de diferentes condutividades elétrica e doses de fósforo

The physic nut has attracted considerable interest in recent years because of the high potential to provide oil for biofuel production and this has caused the rapid expansion of cultivated area worldwide. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of irrigation with water of different electrical conductivity (ECw) and two doses of phosphorus on the production components of physic nut during the third year of production. A randomized block design in a factorial (5x2) was adopted with four repetitions, with five levels of salinity (ECw - 0.6 control; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4 and 3.0dS m-1) of the irrigation water and two doses of P2O5 (135 and 200g plant-1 year-1), in which the water of 0.6dS m-1 refers to municipal supply water and the dose of 135g plant-1 is the recommended dose for physic nut. Plants were cultivated in recipient of 200L and irrigated at intervals of three days. The number of days for inflorescence, number of clusters plant-1, grain yield and oil content of physic nut seeds were negatively affected by the increasing salinity of the irrigated water. The cultivation of physic nut irrigated with electrical conductivity of 1.3dS m-1 reduces the productivity by 10% and consequently the seed oil content. Only the number of days for inflorescence was affected by phosphorus doses. A positive and significant correlation between weight of 100 seeds and oil content of seeds was observed and in the treatment with the lowest ECw the values obtained were respectively 90.26g and 36.39%.

CULTIVO DE GIRASSOL EM VARIEDADES DE SUBSTRATOS

The use of solid wastes as substrates can provide components for cost reduction in the production of seedlings . In this context , the research was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande UFCG , aiming to assess the cultivation of sunflower in different substrate compositions derived from agribusinesses . The treatments were : T1 ) Coconut Fiber ( 100 % ) ; T2 ) Coconut Fiber ( 50 % ) + sand ( 50 % ), T3 ) bagasse cane sugar ( 100 % ) and T4 ) Sand ( 100 % ) . A variety of sunflower used for the survey was 262 AG . ‘s Growth parameters were stem diameter ( DC ) , plant height ( PH) and the number of leaves (NL ) . It was found that the first review by the number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter were significant at 2.5 , 19.2 and 0.1 , respectively. The largest diameters of treatment 1 were all then reviews the T2 . In third evaluation in treatment 4 had higher values at the variables NF ALP than in T3. Coir had great results and the use of substrates from agribusiness is becoming viable sustainable production. these , the effectiveness of ME in Brazil and different scenarios that may benefit the environment.

EFEITO DO SUBSTRATO BOVINO NA GERMINAÇÃO DE PIMENTA BIQUINHO (CAPSICUM CHINENSE) IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA

The Brazilian semiarid region characterized by prolonged drought and poor rainfall distributed, reducing the quality and quantity of water available. In this context, the present study performed in a protected environment at the Federal University of Campina Grande aiming to analyze the germination of pepper pout with bovine substrate irrigated with different levels of wastewater treated.The treatments consisted on 5 water levels (N) using the water supply and wastewater derived from an upflow anaerobic (UASB) based on plant water requirement (NH), as follows: 100% of NH (N5) 80% of NH (N4), 60% of NH (N3), 40% of NH (N2) and 20% of NH (N1). Germination percentage (PG) the germination speed index (GSI ), mean velocity (MV) and the average time (Tm) of germination were evaluated, on biquinho pepper (BRS Moema). The germination percentage for water supply averaged 42.3% and 46.5% for wastewater. For water levels applied the average germination rate of biquinho pepper ranged from 0.086 to 0.089. The germination of pepper had better results with the use of water residuaria. O reuse of water in semi-arid regions is a viable alternative reducing costs and providing nutrients culture.