Ely Laureano Paiva

Manufacturing strategy process and organizational knowledge: a cross‐country analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze manufacturing strategy process (MSP) from a knowledge‐based view (KBV) of the firm. MSP considers the ways that manufacturing organizes its resources in order to create/strengthen manufacturing‐related capabilities. In this context, managers often are under pressure to find quick answers in highly complex environments. By viewing MSP as a knowledge creation process, managers may choose a companys objectives based upon previous experiences and knowledge. MSP addresses the level of planning and decision making related to building competitive operations capabilities over the long term.Design/methodology/approach – A survey research was used to make cross‐country comparison. The constructs were empirically confirmed in both country samples, attesting to measurement invariance. The proposed model was tested in both samples and analyzed the differences between them.Findings – The results suggest that knowledge is a key resource in MSP in both samples. Resource‐based orienta...

Trust and supplier-buyer relationships: an empirical analysis

This paper investigates if regional differences are able to influence trust-based relationship with suppliers. It presents the results of a survey of 338 processing plants located in Western and Asian countries using structural equation modeling. Findings suggest that supplier involvement in quality is taken for granted, but it is not related to trust or partnership. Regional differences may also affect the development of partnership in the supply chain. The two main aspects are the levels of trust and timeliness in Asian companies. These aspects bring implications for managers dealing with international supply chains.

Supply chain planning and trust: two sides of the same coin

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between supply planning, trust and integration, and the influence of them on operational performance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used a survey with 335 respondents from three different industries. The paper analyzed the data with structural equation modeling. Findings – The results suggest that supply planning and trust are positively related and both influence supply integration and operational performance. At the end the paper proposed a classification for supply integration based on planning use and trust. Research limitations/implications – The sample is composed by companies from only three industries (machinery, electronics and automobile), what does not allow generalization. Practical implications – Managers are challenged to develop simultaneously supply chain planning practices and trust-based relationship within buyers and suppliers. They must pay attention to different integration drivers and use them accordingly an...

Produção científica brasileira em gestão de operações no período 2000-2010

The aim of this study is to analyze issues in Operations Management and the methodology employed by Brazilian researchers in this field. The analysis of the literature traced two complementary axes: relevance and rigor. We covered the last ten years by examining the main Brazilian journals in Business Administration and analyzing articles published in the main international journals in OM as well. The study found a certain level of convergence between the issues in the articles published by Brazilian authors in both groups of journals and the importance of supply chain management and operations strategies. The main challenge facing Brazilian researchers concerns the methodological changes in OM studies that are currently in progress on an international level.The aim of this study is to analyze issues in Operations Management and the methodology employed by Brazilian researchers in this field. The analysis of the literature traced two complementary axes: relevance and rigor. We covered the last ten years by examining the main Brazilian journals in Business Administration and analyzing articles published in the main international journals in OM as well. The study found a certain level of convergence between the issues in the articles published by Brazilian authors in both groups of journals and the importance of supply chain management and operations strategies. The main challenge facing Brazilian researchers concerns the methodological changes in OM studies that are currently in progress on an international level. keywords Operations Management, Brazil, research methods, scientific production, publication. Resumen Este estudio analiza temas y métodos de investigación tratados por investigadores brasileños del área de Gestión de Operaciones, por medio de dos vectores complementarios: la relevancia y el rigor. Inicialmente, se contemplaron los últimos 10 años de las principales revistas brasileñas del área de Administración. Complementariamente, se analizaron los periódicos internacionales más relevantes del área de Gestión de Operaciones. Respecto a los temas más frecuentes en los artículos analizados, hubo convergencia entre lo que fue publicado por los autores brasileños en Brasil y en los periódicos extranjeros, principalmente supply chain management y estrategia de operaciones. En lo que se refiere al rigor metodológico, uno de los principales desafíos presentes es la atención a los cambios en curso acerca de orientación metodológica de los estudios sobre Gestión de Operaciones en el escenario internacional. Palabras clave Gestión de Operaciones, Brasil, métodos de investigación, producción científica, publicación. Ely Laureano Paiva ely.paiva@fgv.br Professor da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas – São Paulo – SP, Brasil Luiz Artur Ledur Brito luiz.brito@fgv.br Professor da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas – São Paulo – SP, Brasil PALAVRAS-CHAVE Gestão de Operações, Brasil, métodos de pesquisa, produção científica, publicação. fórum Ely Laureano Paiva Luiz Artur Ledur Brito ©RAE n São Paulo n v . 53 n n. 1 n jan/fev. 2013 n 056-066 57 ISSN 0034-7590 INTRODUÇÃO A análise da produção científica pode ser abordada por meio de dois vetores complementares: a relevância e o rigor (GULATI, 2007). O primeiro ressalta a geração de conhecimento capaz de responder aos dilemas e desafios das organizações e da sociedade. Nesse aspecto, a publicação internacional da área de Gestão de Operações tem acompanhado o ambiente econômico global. Fatos como a emergência da produção enxuta, a integração crescente das cadeias de suprimentos e as pressões sociais por operações sustentáveis têm influenciado a temática da pesquisa nos países industrializados. Quanto ao rigor científico, vários fatores têm influenciado os métodos utilizados e a adequação destes às questões a serem respondidas. Arkader (2003) e Correa, Paiva e Primo (2010) analisaram a produção científica no Brasil em Gestão de Operações. Há uma convergência de achados no que se refere aos temas preferenciais de pesquisa e às lacunas metodológicas. Prasad e Babbar (2000), ao estudar a temática de Gestão de Operações Internacionais, identificaram que os temas se modificaram ao longo dos anos, refletindo, de alguma maneira, o contexto socioeconômico à época da sua publicação. Desse modo, é possível que a área em Gestão de Operações no Brasil, ao longo das últimas décadas, também tenha direcionado suas discussões para temas considerados mais relevantes no contexto socioeconômico em que a publicação ocorreu. Explorando essas questões, este estudo propõe-se a analisar como os temas e os métodos de pesquisa têm sido tratados por pesquisadores brasileiros da área de Gestão de Operações. EPISTEMOLOGIA EM GESTÃO DE OPERAÇÕES Embora a área de Administração abrigue diferentes abordagens filosóficas (MILLER e TSANG, 2011), a área de Gestão de Operações teve sua evolução mais influenciada por um paradigma positivista, com origens em modelagem matemática e testes de hipóteses (SINGHAL e SINGHAL, 2012b). Filosofias da ciência como o realismo crítico, que reconhecem a existência de um mundo independente do conhecimento que o pesquisador tenha sobre ele, mas, ao mesmo tempo, reconhecem as limitações e falhas dos métodos de investigação, podem ajudar a área a evoluir. A ontologia do realismo crítico está baseada na existência de três domínios superpostos: o real, o vigente e o empírico (BHASKAR, 2008). O domínio real existe independentemente do observador e consiste nas relações potenciais entre os construtos. Essas relações são tendências que podem ou não se manifestar no domínio vigente. A cooperação com um fornecedor tem o poder de criar valor e benefícios para ambos (no domínio real), mas isso pode ou não acontecer no domínio vigente, dada a natureza complexa das relações causais num sistema aberto. O domínio empírico, por sua vez, consiste no que é observável com os métodos de investigação empregados. A relação entre cooperação e criação de valor pode existir de modo potencial no domínio real, manifestar-se no domínio vigente, mas não ser percebida completamente no domínio empírico, por não medirmos adequadamente os construtos, por exemplo. Miller e Tsang (2011) propõem uma abordagem integrativa de investigação para teste de teorias, baseada no realismo crítico, composta de quatro etapas, ilustradas na Figura 1. A primeira etapa consiste na identificação, no plano teórico, das relações entre as variáveis (x1 e x2 afetando y) e dos mecanismos (m1 e m2) que explicam o processo pelo qual as relações ocorrem. Essa construção teórica está num sistema fechado, identificado pela elipse, e representa o domínio real. A segunda etapa consiste em verificar se os mecanismos hipotetizados realmente estão presentes no domínio vigente. O foco é testar a presença dos mecanismos. Estudos de caso com o uso de técnicas do tipo process tracing (GEORGE e BENNETT, 2005, p. 205-232) seriam especialmente adequados a essa tarefa. A terceira etapa consiste no teste das relações num ambiente fechado. Experimentos ou quasi–experimentos seriam técnicas adequadas. Finalmente, a última etapa é o teste do sistema teórico como um todo num ambiente aberto com um survey ou análises de dados secundários. O fato de o sistema ser aberto está representado pela ausência da elipse e pela introdução do termo ε, que agrupa o efeito de outras variáveis. Na área de Gestão de Operações, como em outras, é frequente ver trabalhos de pesquisa que pulam as etapas 2 e 3 e vão diretamente da 1 para a 4. Para fenômenos complexos como os que ocorrem nas ciências sociais, essa simplificação traz riscos relevantes à validade das conclusões. O papel dos métodos qualitativos combinados com técnicas quantitativas tem sido debatido por outras árefórum  PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA EM GESTÃO DE OPERAÇÕES NO PERÍODO 2000-2010 ISSN 0034-7590 58 ©RAE n São Paulo n v . 53 n n. 1 n jan/fev. 2013 n 056-066 as e a área de Gestão de Operações pode saltar etapas ao se aproveitar deste debate. King, Keohane e Verba (1994) desenvolveram uma abordagem bastante fundamentada num paradigma quantitativo para a aplicação de métodos qualitativos. Esse trabalho abriu caminho para o desenvolvimento de abordagens mais balanceadas (BRADY e COLLIER, 2010), que são capazes de integrar de maneira harmônica as abordagens. Novos métodos, como o Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), que usam dados qualitativos relacionados com uma lógica booleana (RIHOUX e RAGIN, 2009), eventualmente combinadas com conjuntos fuzzy (RAGIN, 2008), podem também ser uma oportunidade. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLóGICOS Para se responder ao objetivo deste estudo, foi realizado um levantamento que cobriu as publicações nacionais e internacionais de autores brasileiros na área, no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2010. Foram escolhidas revistas que possuem classificação A2 (Qualis/Capes), ligadas a associações ou a escolas da área de Administração e que publicam regularmente artigos de Gestão de Operações. Nesse primeiro grupo, foram analisadas a Revista de Administração Contemporânea (RAC), a RAE-Revista de Administração de Empresas (RAE) e a Brazilian Administration Review (BAR). Complementarmente, foram pesquisados periódicos internacionais mais relevantes da área de Gestão de Operações. Nesse grupo, foram incluídos os periódicos: Journal of Operations Management (JOM), Production and Operations Management (POM) e International Journal of Operations & Production Management (IJOPM). Acrescentou-se o International Journal of Production Economics (IJPE), que regularmente tem publicado estudos de autores brasileiros e fica na fronteira entre Administração e Engenharia de Produção.

The Relationship between Manufacturing Integration and Performance from an Activity-Oriented Perspective

Manufacturing integration with other functional areas and suppliers is a key aspect for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The objective of this study is to analyze manufacturing integration from an activity-based perspective. We hypothesize that manufacturing integration with suppliers, marketing, and R&D is positively related to profit and sales growth when it occurs simultaneously in key internal activities. We surveyed 366 companies located in the southern region of Brazil, chosen from the SEBRAE(1) database. We used structural equations modeling to address validity and reliability issues. We evaluated common method variance (CMV) with the MTMM model and used path analysis to test the structural relations. We found that all manufacturing integration aspects are positively related to sales growth, but only manufacturing-R&D integration is positively related to profitability. Therefore, managers interested in improving the performance of their plants should favor the integration between manufacturing and R&D teams, at all hierarchical levels. We did not find any evidence, however, that direct interaction between manufacturing and marketing improves performance.

How do national cultures impact the operations strategy process

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent to which different patterns of cross-functional integration and the operations strategy (OS) process may be explained by national cultures differences.,Perceptual survey data from 105 manufacturing plants in four countries were used to validate the constructs and to test the hypotheses. The plants are located in two Western and two Eastern countries with different industrialization and development backgrounds (Brazil, China, Germany and South Korea). CFA validated the constructs, and ANOVA and t-tests evaluated the differences between levels of four Hofstede’s elements (i.e. power distance, individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and long-term vs short-term orientation) on the OS process enablers (i.e. leadership for cross-functional integration and functional integration) and elements (i.e. manufacturing strategy linkage to corporate strategy and formulation of manufacturing strategy).,Results suggest that different OS and OM processes are present in different national cultures. Leadership for cross-functional integration and manufacturing strategy linkage to corporate strategy differ between levels of power distance, individualism vs collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. Functional integration and formulation of manufacturing strategy also present differences according to the degree of individualism vs collectivism and long-term orientation.,Results indicate that national culture is a key aspect for the OS process. Prior studies usually do not consider cultural aspects. Therefore, the OS process varies in different countries and contexts. Managers need to adjust their OS process when they are developing a global OS.

Counterfeiting: addressing mitigation and resilience in supply chains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how companies develop mitigation capabilities in their supply chains in order to reduce the negative impacts of counterfeiting. Design/methodology/approach Five cases with two types of supply chain are analyzed: B2B (clothing, footwear and toys) and B2C (automotive). Data gathering was based on interviews, while secondary data were obtained directly from trade associations. Findings Companies presented different levels of proactivity for counterfeiting resilience. Companies with a lower level of appetite for risk are more proactive and have a broad number of mitigation capabilities. These companies develop intelligence that is required for combating counterfeiting and the capabilities needed for addressing its ex ante and ex post phases. Research limitations/implications The research examines a complex and controversial subject about which there is limited information. The case studies are limited to Brazilian companies and the local subsidiaries of foreign companies. Therefore, the specific context may influence the study findings and reduce their generalizability. Practical implications Mitigation capabilities enable companies to minimize the negative impact of counterfeiting and make companies more resilient to counterfeiting activities. The findings indicate that when managers allocate resources in earlier phases of counterfeiting, losses are lower. Originality/value This study shows the development process of mitigation capabilities in the ex ante and post-disruption phases of counterfeiting.

Social Sustainability in a Supply Chain: Key Factors in Selection of a Non-Compliant Supplier

What contributes to a buying firm’s selection of a supplier that fails to comply with its social sustainability standards? We propose that important contributing factors exist at the institutional ...

Novas tecnologias e desempenho operacional: um estudo internacional comparativo

This study investigates the influence of new technology anticipation by manufacturing firms on performance. Complementarily, a comparative analysis between Brazilian and plants located in other countries was performed. To test these issues, data was collected from 337 firms located in 11 countries, including Brazil. Key aspects in Operations Management such as manufacturing strategy, functional integration, supply chain management and supplier partnership were considered as relevant for technology anticipation. Results suggest that manufacturing strategy, functional integration, and supplier partnership are important for firms located abroad, while only functional integration is important for Brazilian firms. Finally, there are evidences suggesting a positive relationship between new technology anticipation and operational performance for international and Brazilian firms.This study investigates the influence of new technology anticipation by manufacturing firms on performance. Complementarily, a comparative analysis between Brazilian and plants located in other countries was performed. To test these issues, data was collected from 337 firms located in 11 countries, including Brazil. Key aspects in Operations Management such as manufacturing strategy, functional integration, supply chain management and supplier partnership were considered as relevant for technology anticipation. Results suggest that manufacturing strategy, functional integration, and supplier partnership are important for firms located abroad, while only functional integration is important for Brazilian firms. Finally, there are evidences suggesting a positive relationship between new technology anticipation and operational performance for international and Brazilian firms.

New technologies and operational performance: an international comparative study

This study investigates the influence of new technology anticipation by manufacturing firms on performance. Complementarily, a comparative analysis between Brazilian and plants located in other countries was performed. To test these issues, data was collected from 337 firms located in 11 countries, including Brazil. Key aspects in Operations Management such as manufacturing strategy, functional integration, supply chain management and supplier partnership were considered as relevant for technology anticipation. Results suggest that manufacturing strategy, functional integration, and supplier partnership are important for firms located abroad, while only functional integration is important for Brazilian firms. Finally, there are evidences suggesting a positive relationship between new technology anticipation and operational performance for international and Brazilian firms.This study investigates the influence of new technology anticipation by manufacturing firms on performance. Complementarily, a comparative analysis between Brazilian and plants located in other countries was performed. To test these issues, data was collected from 337 firms located in 11 countries, including Brazil. Key aspects in Operations Management such as manufacturing strategy, functional integration, supply chain management and supplier partnership were considered as relevant for technology anticipation. Results suggest that manufacturing strategy, functional integration, and supplier partnership are important for firms located abroad, while only functional integration is important for Brazilian firms. Finally, there are evidences suggesting a positive relationship between new technology anticipation and operational performance for international and Brazilian firms.