Emerson Antonio Maccari

Impact of the Types of Clusters on the Innovation Output and the Appropriation of Rents from Innovation

The ability to generate innovations and capture the rents from innovation are important for firms’ competitive advantage. Increasingly firms seek knowledge abundant locations, or industry clusters, to access novel knowledge and generate innovations through knowledge recombinations (Schumpeter, 1934). We examine how different types of clusters impact on the innovation output, the knowledge flows among the clustered firms and, ultimately, on who captures the rents from innovation. The type of cluster reflects the configuration of firms and the interactions among firms, individuals and agencies in the cluster and is likely to be a major driver of both the innovative output and of which firms will be more likely to capture the rents from innovation. Extant research has noted that the social and business networks binding firms in clusters are excellent vehicles for the flow of knowledge that eases innovations, but different types of clusters may lead to different outcomes.

When the innovator fails to capture rents from innovation

ABSTRACT Innovating firms face the dilemma of knowing when they will be able to appropriate the rents accruing from their innovations. Only the future value of the rents creates an incentive to innovate, and all innovations that are either imitated or improved upon by competitors preempt innovator firms from capturing the rents. In this conceptual article, we observe boundary conditions under which protection ensures appropriation. A paradox emerges in that innovators benefit from networking and bandwagon effects but not from total diffusion of the knowledge. While networks are excellent vehicles for innovation, business and social ties connecting firms deepen the hazards associated with the appropriation of rents.

Global Organization of Innovation and Cooperability in Brazilian Multinationals

Understanding the dissipation of innovations is necessary to develop them, as a company on its own does not have all the capabilities that it needs. On the contrary, they are increasingly spread over internal and external contexts, and are not developed in isolation. Most of the time, they depend on interactive, innovative processes in a global context. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the global organizational structure of innovation affects the dynamic capability of cooperation (cooperability) in Brazilian multinationals (BMNs). To achieve this goal, we conducted a survey of BMNs, and a final sample of 60 companies answered a structured questionnaire. We performed statistical tests such as Factor Analysis, Cronbachs Alpha, Multiple Regression and Hierarchical Cluster, and cross-analysis of quantitative results that enabled us to create a Cooperability Model, that is, a model of local, international and global development for a dynamic capability of cooperation in BMNs. The results show that technological strengths of foreign subsidiaries and the reverse transfer of their capabilities to the parent company and technology partners affect the dynamics of cooperation in BMNs (inputs and results of cooperability). Furthermore, we detected an inverse relationship between the autonomy of foreign subsidiaries and the dynamic of cooperation in BMNs.

Internationalisation of innovation as a propeller of the relational capability of a subsidiary: the case of Siemens Brasil

Given the operating context of multinational corporations, creating value does not depend only on the centralised development of innovation. In fact, it often involves the dynamic and interactive capability of generating relevant and adherent innovating solutions at the global level, including headquarters, subsidiaries and technology partners. Thus, the relational capability of dynamically developing innovation interactions can emerge. Accordingly, our objective was to analyse how the relational capability of a subsidiary can be optimised through the internationalisation practices for innovation adopted by a multinational company. For this purpose, we conducted qualitative research using the case of Siemens in Brazil. The results indicate managerial aspects of relational capability and internationalisation of innovation, in addition to mechanisms and interfaces of local development in a subsidiary.

Indicadores da produção científica sobre lições aprendidas em gestão de projetos

The record and reuse of lessons learned in projects are recommended as good practice in project management. Despite this, several authors point out that few organizations have effective procedures to execute it. To identify the panorama of scientific literature about generation, processes, methods and use of lessons learned in project management this study analyzed these publications in SciVerse Scopus database in the period 1991 to 2011. It was observed that despite the low number of results and not identification of groups of researchers particularly dedicated to the question there is a gradual increase of publications on the subject started from the 2000s.. Among the findings are highlighted and presented the articles of greatest relevance about the processes of lessons learned in projects in organizations. It was found that 54% of the publications classified as most relevant were published in the period 2006 to 2011, what showed, among other aspects, the current relevancy of the topic in the area of project management.

Foco na inovação e complementaridade em equipes de direção no desenvolvimento de novas empresas tecnológicas

Muitas novas empresas de base tecnologicas sao criadas devido as necessidades de producao e comercializacao que se impoem aos aficionados em tecnologia que tem foco inicial apenas na inovacao para a criacao de produtos. Uma das consequencias comuns deste foco exacerbado na inovacao e a formacao de equipes de direcao, nas quais falta a complementaridade de alguem habil como empreendedor e gestor de negocios. O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar um estudo comparativo de casos de novas pequenas e medias empresas (PME) tecnologicas criadas por aficionados em tecnologia e da influencia da complementaridade de habilidades entre os membros das equipes de direcao sobre o desenvolvimento dessas empresas. O estudo identifica fatores viabilizadores e limitadores impostos pelo foco exacerbado na inovacao. Ele tambem descreve algumas praticas uteis para se superar dificuldades provocadas pela falta de atencao inicial dos fundadores as competencias empreendedoras e de gestao. A abordagem metodologica e descritiva e baseada em metodos qualitativos de pesquisa, integrando o estudo multi-caso (EISENHARDT, 1989). A coleta dos dados foi feita principalmente com entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. A analise incluiu as etapas de analise intracaso e intercaso dos dados (MILES e HUBERMAN, 1994). Como resultado, verificou-se que a formacao e o historico das experiencias dos diferentes fundadores se mostraram relevantes para explicar o tipo de foco dado a inovacao tecnologica e as questoes de negocio.