Emil Albert Sobottka

Instituição de longa permanência para idosos: a imagem que permanece

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os acoplamentos estruturais da Instituicao de Longa Permanencia para Idosos com o sistema societal, observando as comunicacoes e as ressonâncias na instituicao. Estudo exploratorio descritivo, qualitativo, com uso do metodo funcional de Niklas Luhmann. A coleta de dados, realizada entre maio de 2004 e janeiro de 2005, utilizou observacoes de segunda ordem, por meio de entrevistas com sete dirigentes, e observacoes de terceira ordem com analise de comunicacoes de 52 instituicoes brasileiras sem fins lucrativos, de carater publico ou privado. Ha estagnacao de uma imagem negativa sobre as instituicoes, relacionada a exclusao e ao abandono. As instituicoes reconhecem a imagem historica que as acompanha e propoem movimentos de mudanca desse olhar. E necessario o reconhecimento do desenvolvimento gradual de acoes que podem ampliar a relacao com a comunidade e, por consequencia, contribuir com uma concepcao atualizada sobre essas. organizacoes.

Long-Term Care Institutions for Elders and the health system

OBJETIVOS: Analizar el sistema social organizacional Institucion de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos (ILPI) y su relacion con el Sistema de Salud (SUS). Identificar las comunicaciones que ocurren en los acoplamientos estructurales entre la ILPI y el SUS. Analizar las repercusiones del acoplamiento estructural en la ILPI. METODO: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, cualitativo, con la utilizacion del metodo funcional de Niklas Luhmann. La recolecta de datos utilizo observaciones de segundo orden, a traves de entrevistas con 7 dirigentes y 8 ancianos, analisis de comunicaciones de 52 ILPIs brasilenas y observaciones de tercer orden en literatura nacional. RESULTADOS: En el sistema de salud ocurre la exclusion del anciano institucionalizado de las acciones programaticas en la salud. Hay un desconocimiento reciproco entre ILPIs y SUS, necesitando estimulos para un acoplamiento estructural mas exitoso. CONCLUSIONES: La diminuta sensibilidad del Sistema de Salud a las comunicaciones de la ILPI fue identificada como un obstaculo en el desempeno de la funcion social de esas instituciones.

A Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos e o sistema de saúde

OBJETIVOS: Analizar el sistema social organizacional Institucion de Larga Permanencia para Ancianos (ILPI) y su relacion con el Sistema de Salud (SUS). Identificar las comunicaciones que ocurren en los acoplamientos estructurales entre la ILPI y el SUS. Analizar las repercusiones del acoplamiento estructural en la ILPI. METODO: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, cualitativo, con la utilizacion del metodo funcional de Niklas Luhmann. La recolecta de datos utilizo observaciones de segundo orden, a traves de entrevistas con 7 dirigentes y 8 ancianos, analisis de comunicaciones de 52 ILPIs brasilenas y observaciones de tercer orden en literatura nacional. RESULTADOS: En el sistema de salud ocurre la exclusion del anciano institucionalizado de las acciones programaticas en la salud. Hay un desconocimiento reciproco entre ILPIs y SUS, necesitando estimulos para un acoplamiento estructural mas exitoso. CONCLUSIONES: La diminuta sensibilidad del Sistema de Salud a las comunicaciones de la ILPI fue identificada como un obstaculo en el desempeno de la funcion social de esas instituciones.

Introdução à teoria do reconhecimento de Axel Honneth

The article aims to introduce the fundamental concepts in the work of Axel Honneth. This means that it will not develop any specific thesis on the theory of the representative of the third generation of the Frankfurt School. The authors intention is, on the contrary, to present as clear as possible the central arguments of the critical theory of Axel Honneth in order to facilitate the reading of his work and the here published texts. Keywords: Recognition; Axel Honneth; Critical theory

Justificação, reconhecimento e justiça: Tecendo pontes entre Boltanski, Honneth e Walzer

Together with Laurent Thevenot, Luc Boltanski proposes that the assessment of social contributions occurs in a context where it is necessary that each participant claims, through justification, for the recognition of her/his place in the economies of worth, where a variety of evaluative criteria will be considered. The conception of this dispute around the justification has a reasonable proximity to the struggle for recognition of achievement (Leistung), that Axel Honneth defines as the third sphere in his theory of recognition; here, beyond the equality in the sphere of law, differences would be justifiably. Part of the discussion is if or how the horizons of values and purposes which enable for the assessment of the individual contribution are shared: in Boltanski they are clearly divergent and for Honneth apparently shared, while Michael Walzer assumes that values are shared, though emphasizing the need for a careful distinction of the spheres of justice to which values are referred to in each case. This distinction of spheres, apparently, can allow a bridge to the cities in the proposition of Boltanski and the spheres of recognition of Axel Honneth’s theory. In the text we propose to explore possible similarities and conceptional differences of these three propositions.

Organizações civis: buscando uma definição para além de ONGs e “terceiro setor"

In the social sciences the division of society in three distinct spheres have a very long tradition. Usually in these approaches the authors start by a definition of what is state/politics and market/economy, having the “rest” in a third set that is defined by exclusion: it is neither this nor the other. Proceeding this way the third sphere, does not matter the name we give to it, is residual and includes distinct phenomena that little or nothing have in common. More limited in its pretension, with civil organiza-tions we seek to turn more precise an important part of that “third sphere”. Focused in an approach that gives more attention to organizational aspects, based on the regulator medium solidarity we make the distinction between civil organizations from entrepreneurial organizations and governmental ones, regulated by the media money and power. Civil organizations are considered as the basis of the civil society (Cohen and Arato), as the organized substract of the public sphere (Habermas). Inside the civil organizations it is possible a new distinction, based on the ways the regulator medium solidarity assumes, from civil organization of public aims (altru-ism), of collective aims (loyalty) and of mutual and self help aim (reciprocity). With these definitions appears to be possible the discussion of NGOs and social move-ments without any support of residual categories. Key words: Civil organizations; NGOs, third sector, public sphere.

Por que se faz políticas sociais no Brasil? Notas sobre estratégias de legitimação nos últimos dois governos federais

As reformas de orientacao neoliberal que foram implementadas no Brasil na decada de 1990 afetaram profundamente as politicas sociais, mas as mudancas foram justificadas como reforma do estado e nao das politicas. Seu escopo era a despolitizacao da administracao publica. O governo de orientacao socialdemocrata de Lula da Silva que se seguiu buscou legitimar sua politica social priorizando a criacao de alguns espacos de participacao da sociedade numa esfera publica – mas sem alcancar o efeito dos governos locais do mesmo partido. Por isso o presente texto se propoe a enfocar as mudancas institucionais que afetam aquela politica propostas pelos ultimos dois governos enquanto substitutos de uma fundamentacao discursiva de projetos distintos de reforma. Palavras-chave: Politicas sociais; Participacao; Esfera publica; Reforma do Estado; Governo Lula.

Liberdade, reconhecimento e emancipação: raízes da teoria da justiça de Axel Honneth

Abstract In the critical theory of Frankfurt School, emancipation has been the ultima-te normative criterion against which both the reconstruction of social theory and the analysis of specific social realities were evaluated. As in Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Action there was a certain restriction to the world of life, to the detriment of political-administrative and economic subsystems, in his Theory of Recognition, Axel Honneth proposed to take up again the project of a critical theory to analyze all dimensions of social life in the light of ethical immanent criteria and having emancipation as its teleological horizon. In his book The right of freedom: outline of a democratic ethics, released in June of 2011, he develops a theory of justice that, unlike the tradition in which the author adheres to, sets freedom as the ethical criterion in various spheres of life. This paper analyzes the roots of that work inquiring how the issue of emancipation has been related to the ends of a theory of justice. Its attention is less focused on the actual content of the diagnosis of time and more to the methodological proposal for normative reconstruction as a tool for the analysis of society.Keywords: Theory of recognition. Freedom and emancipation. Theory of Justice. Axel Honneth.

Discursos filosóficos do reconhecimento

This paper seeks to explore the trajectory and the development of the concept of recognition in recent debates. Having in view the complexity of this topic, our main purpose is the exploration of the concept’s polysemy. This task will be accomplished starting with the reconstruction of two contemporary debates: the first one between Taylor and Habermas and the second one between Fraser and Honneth, dialoging with Paul Ricouer’s recognition theory.

A sobrevivência econômica de instituições de longa permanência para idosos empobrecidos

OBJECTIVE Identify structural couplings of Retirement Institutions for the Aged (RIA) with the economic system, in order to maintain those institutions that shelter the poor aged in the Brazilian context. METHOD Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study. The data collection was carried out through interviews with seven leading people and eight aged people, analysis of communication of 52 non-profit Brazilian RIAs, both public and private. The content analysis was performed based on the Niklas Luhmanns Systems Theory. RESULTS It was verified that in face of the aged scarce resources, a considerable share of the maintenance costs are supported by the institutions themselves, whose search for resources is done by leaders, team, the aged and communities. CONCLUSIONS The excessive involvement of these institutions in the elaboration of programs for searching funds can harm the performance of their essential function which is to care for the poor aged.Objective: Identify structural couplings of Retirement Institutions for the Aged (RIA) with the economic system, in order to maintain those institutions that shelter the poor aged in the Brazilian context. Method: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study. The data collection was carried out through interviews with seven leading people and eight aged people, analysis of communication of 52 non-profit Brazilian RIAs, both public and private. The content analysis was performed based on the Niklas Luhmann’s Systems Theory. Results: It was verified that in face of the aged scarce resources, a considerable share of the maintenance costs are supported by the institutions themselves, whose search for resources is done by leaders, team, the aged and communities. Conclusions: The excessive involvement of these institutions in the elaboration of programs for searching funds can harm the performance of their essential function which is to care for the poor aged.Objective: Identify structural couplings of Retirement Institutions for the Aged (RIA) with the economic system, in order to maintain those institutions that shelter the poor aged in the Brazilian context. Method: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study. The data collection was carried out through interviews with seven leading people and eight aged people, analysis of communication of 52 non-profit Brazilian RIAs, both public and private. The content analysis was performed based on the Niklas Luhmann’s Systems Theory. Results: It was verified that in face of the aged scarce resources, a considerable share of the maintenance costs are supported by the institutions themselves, whose search for resources is done by leaders, team, the aged and communities. Conclusions: The excessive involvement of these institutions in the elaboration of programs for searching funds can harm the performance of their essential function which is to care for the poor aged.