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Clinical assessment of epidural analgesia induced by xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation in calves.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether epidural administration of a xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation would provide satisfactory analgesia for some surgical procedures on 10 calves admitted to the Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Kafkas with perineal urolithiasis (n:2), rectovaginal fistula (n:1), atresia ani (n:2), omphalophlebitis (n:2), omphaloarteritis (n:1) and umbilical hernia (n:2).Following intramuscular injection of xylazine at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg for sedation, xylazine-lidocaine combination (0.2 mg/kg lidocaine + 0.02 mg/kg xylazine + 5 ml 0.9% NaCl) was administrated into the lumbosacral (L6-S1), sacrococcygeal (S5-Co1) or intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2) space. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded prior to and during analgesia at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, depth and duration of analgesia were evaluated during surgical intervention.The study revealed that the combination of epidural xylazine-lidocaine with xylazine sedation was highly satisfactory for surgery of the lower urinary tract and the perineal region, but it was less so for surgery of the umbilical area.

Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Congenital Laxity of the Fibularis Musculotendinous Unit Resulting in Hyperextension of the Tarsus in 14 Calves

OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnosis and surgical management of congenital laxity of the fibularis tendon resulting in hyperextension of the tarsus in calves. STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS Fourteen calves (3 unilateral, 11 bilateral) diagnosed with congenital tarsal instability caused by laxity of the fibularis musculotendinous unit resulting in hyperextension of the tarsus. METHODS Diagnosis was made by clinical and radiologic assessments. The tarsus was surgically prepared and an incision made on the dorsal surface of the tarsus after intrathecal anesthesia with the calf sedated. A locking-loop suture (4 loops) was applied to the fibularis tendon using polyglactin 910. The free ends of the suture were then tied to the shank of a cortical bone screw inserted in the proximal metatarsus. RESULTS The calves were evaluated on postoperative days 15, 30, and 60 and were walking normally. CONCLUSION Congenital tarsal instability because of laxity of the fibularis musculotendoninous unit is described and surgical treatment directed at shortening the tendon shows promising results.Objective To describe the diagnosis and surgical management of congenital laxity of the fibularis tendon resulting in hyperextension of the tarsus in calves. Study Design Case series. Animals Fourteen calves (3 unilateral, 11 bilateral) diagnosed with congenital tarsal instability caused by laxity of the fibularis musculotendinous unit resulting in hyperextension of the tarsus. Methods Diagnosis was made by clinical and radiologic assessments. The tarsus was surgically prepared and an incision made on the dorsal surface of the tarsus after intrathecal anesthesia with the calf sedated. A locking-loop suture (4 loops) was applied to the fibularis tendon using polyglactin 910. The free ends of the suture were then tied to the shank of a cortical bone screw inserted in the proximal metatarsus. Results The calves were evaluated on postoperative days 15, 30, and 60 and were walking normally. Conclusion Congenital tarsal instability because of laxity of the fibularis musculotendoninous unit is described and surgical treatment directed at shortening the tendon shows promising results.

Bir Köpekte Proksimal Humeral Epifizer Ayrılma (Salter Harris Tip I Kırığı) Olgusunun Operatif Sağaltımı ve İleri Dönem Sonuçları

40 edi ve köpeklerde başta trafik kazaları olmak üzere; vurma, çarpma ve yüksekten düşme gibi çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak kırık ve çıkık vakalarıyla sıkça karşılaşılmaktadır. Öyle ki travma oluşturucu dokuz ana sebep (motorlu araçlar, hayvan kavgaları, keskin cisimler, düşmeler, ezilmeler, yanıklar, ateşli silahlar, insan unsuru ve bilinmeyen seBir Köpekte Proksimal Humeral Epifizer Ayrılma (Salter-Harris Tip I Kırığı) Olgusunun Operatif Sağaltımı ve İleri Dönem Sonuçları

Effects of Intrathecal Administration of Ketamine HCl in Young Calves: A Clinical Trial

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical, biochemical, and cardiovascular effects of intrathecal (IT) administration of ketamine HCl in calves. The study was performed on seven Simmental and three Montofon calves, 1.70 ± 1.16 weeks old, weighing approximately 37 kg, undergoing surgical procedures including femur fracture repair (one case), atresia anus (five cases), prolapsed rectum (one case), suturing on rear limbs (two cases), and urethrostomy (one case). After administering IT ketamine HCl at a dose of 3 mg/kg to all calves, the level and depth of the anaesthesia was checked with a pin-prick test. Each animal was monitored by recording heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rates, and rectal temperature. Furthermore, certain biochemical parameters, blood gases, oxygen-total haemoglobin, and electrolyte levels were measured. All data were statistically evaluated using Minitab 16 software. Anaesthesia occurred in all calves at an average of 5.00 ± 1.41 min (range: 3-7) and continued for an average of 61.4 ± 40 min (range: 55-70). Sufficient anaesthesia was achieved in all animals for the required operations, and no complications occurred with regard to clinical and haemodynamic measurements. We concluded that in calves, which are not deemed suitable for administration of local anaesthetic via IT due to certain side effects, sufficient anaesthesia can be provided with ketamine by the same method for operations performed in the perineal area and hind extremities, and that this could be a good alternative for anaesthesia under field conditions.

CO2 Flow Dynamics of Bladder Injury During Laparoscopy and the Effect of the Content of the Abdominal Viscera During Injury--Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND Despite the well-known and easily recognizable signs of bladder injury during laparoscopy, some injuries remain unnoticed. Intra-operative diagnosis of a urinary bladder injury provides the opportunity to repair and prevent later complications involving the formation of fistula, infection, ascites and impairment of renal function. Small and unrecognized bladder injuries increase the chance of morbidity and permanent organ dysfunctions. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the CO2 flow dynamics of bladder injury occurring during laparoscopy and the effect of the content of the abdominal viscera during injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved eight male New Zealand rabbits. Following urinary catheterization of the rabbits with an 8-gauge urinary catheter connected securely to a urinary drainage bag, pneumoperitoneum was created at a pressure level of 12 mm Hg. The experiment consisted of three phases. After the observational phase (Phase 1), the anterior wall of the urinary bladder was perforated with the tip of a 21 G needle (Phase 2) and methylene blue was administrated to evaluate the CO2 flow dynamics (Phase 3). RESULTS The amount of CO2 consumption and accumulation in the urinary drainage bags differed significantly among the three phases of the experiment (p<0.05). There was no CO2 consumption or accumulation in the urinary drainage bags during Phase 1. The amount of CO2 consumption and accumulation in the urinary drainage bags during Phase 2 was significantly higher than during Phase 3. CONCLUSIONS Urinary catheterization helps in the diagnosis of small or unnoticed urinary bladder injuries occurring during laparoscopy. CO2 flow and consumption is lower if the viscosity of the content overlying the injury site is higher.

CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF THE INTRATHECAL KETAMINE FOR OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN BITCHES

Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine HCl anesthesia on clinical values and some haemodynamic and biochemical parameters in bitches. An IT ketamine (10 mg/kg) was administered to 30 bitches with a spinal needle (18-22 G) in the lumbosacral space. The haemodynamic parameters were monitored and some biochemical values were assessed (blood gase, oxygen-haemoglobin, and electrolyte levels). The length and depth of anaesthesia was determined with a pinprick test, touching to the ligamenta lata uteri and incision. Anaesthesia took effect in less than 1 min in all dogs and has lasted an average of 95.9 min. In spite of the fact that the dogs recovered completely from the effects of dissociative anaesthesia, the anaesthesia in the some extremities was observed to be continued for an average of 17 min longer. The use of IT ketamine HCl raised blood pressure and did not have a depressive effect on respiratory and cardiac functions. It was concluded that ketamine HCl could be an appropriate alternative for ovariohysterectomy operations in bitches when the quality of the anaesthesia and the prevention of bradycardia and hypotension are considered.