Cihan Kaçar

Clinical use of deslorelin implants for the long-term contraception in prepubertal bitches: effects on epiphyseal closure, body development, and time to puberty.

Long-acting GnRH agonists have been used both for canine estrus induction and prevention. The objective of the study was to investigate the use of a deslorelin implant as a long-term and reversible contraceptive in prepubertal bitches with special regard to the time of epiphyseal closure. Thirteen healthy, crossbreed, medium-sized prepubertal female dogs were used in this study. An implant containing 9.4 mg (G1, n = 5) and 4.7 mg (G2, n = 4) deslorelin acetate (Suprelorin) or a placebo (sodium chloride 0.9%; G3, n = 4) was inserted subcutaneously in the interscapular region. Estrus was monitored once daily by physical and sexual behavioral changes. Body development, vaginal cytology, and serum progesterone and estradiol 17β concentration were monitored weekly for the first 5 weeks, and then every 3 weeks throughout the treatment period. Radiographic examinations were performed monthly to determine the epiphyseal closure. Half of the deslorelin-treated bitches (G1: n = 2 and G2: n = 2) came into estrus during the 83-week observation period. All animals in the control group showed estrus between the 39th and 64th weeks of observation. Time to puberty averaged 82.7 ± 8.9 and 61.9 ± 9.7 weeks in the deslorelin-treated (G1 and G2) and the control bitches, respectively (P < 0.02). Both deslorelin implants (9.4 and 4.7 mg) can be used efficiently for the long-term prevention of estrus in prepubertal bitches; however, epiphyseal closure is clearly delayed which was without any clinical effect in the present study.

Diprosopus, craniorachischisis, arthrogryposis, and other associated anomalies in a stillborn lamb

Congenital malformations with multiple anomalies have been described infrequently in the veterinary literature. A stillborn male crossbred lamb with diprosopus, craniorachischisis, and arthrogryposis was examined macroscopically and histopathologically in this study. The left head was smaller than the right head. Micrencephaly, agnathia, and a rudimentary tongue, which was adherent to the palate, were present in the left head. Micrencephaly, brachygnathia superior, and cleft palate were present in the right head. Cerebellar agenesis and spinal cord hypoplasia were observed. The cerebrums and the spinal cord were covered with a tapering membranous structure. Neural and dermal tissues were noted to intervene upon microscopic examination of this structure. Disorganization of neurons was observed in both cerebrums, though it was more severe in the left one. This case demonstrates many congenital defects occurring together in a lamb.

Gestation Duration and Rectal Temperature Changes During Peripartum Period in Dogs

Abstract Zonturlu, A.K., Aksoy, O.A. and Kacar, C. 2008. Gestation duration and rectal temperature changes during peripartum period in dogs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 33: 199–200. To investigate duration of gestation and variation in body temperature during peripartum period 20 bitches (14 German Shepherds, GS and 6 Labrador Retrievers, LR) were used. Gestation duration was found to be 60.6±1.3 and 61.6±2.0 days in GS and LR, respectively. The rectal temperature, which was around 38.5C during 144 h before parturition decreased (P<0.05) to 37.4C at the onset of whelping. Thus, monitoring rectal temperature before expected date of parturition may help to predict the time of parturition.

Effect of double GnRH injections on reproductive parameters in Awassi ewes receiving long-term progesterone

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single or double Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) injections at the time of mating and following on day 9 on pregnancy rates and litter size in ewes. Oestrus was synchronized in 130 adult ewes using intravaginal sponges containing 20 mg of fluorogestone acetate for 14 days. All ewes received 10 IU/kg of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) at the sponge withdrawal. Then animals were divided into three groups. Ewes in group 1 (G1; Control, n = 68) received 1 ml placebo injection. In group 2 (G2; n = 30), ewes in oestrus were treated with 1 ml GnRH (4 μg/ml) at the time of mating. In group 3 (G3; n = 32), ewes were injected 1 ml GnRH not only at the time of mating but also on day 9 post-mating. There was significantly higher in duration of oestrus G1 compared with the G2 and G3. Pregnancy rate was found to be higher in G3 (96.0%) than in G1 (72.7%) and G2 (83.3%). The litter size was significantly higher for G3 (1.26 ± 0.14) in comparison with the G1 (1.18 ± 0.07) and G2 (1.22 ± 0.10). In conclusion, Post-mating GnRH injection enhanced the pregnancy rate and litter size, because of its beneficial effects on embriyo viability by increasing luteal formations.

İneklerde Uterus Enfeksiyonlarında Tedavi Seçenekleri

ÖZET Uterus enfeksiyonları, doğum sırasında oluşan negatif basınç etkisiyle, doğuma yardım girişimleri sonucu veya doğumu takiben oluşan retentio secundinarum, prolapsus uteri ve metabolik hastalıklara bağlı olarak şekillenmektedir. Bunlara ek olara, genital organların muayenesi sırasında veya hatalı intrauterin tedavi-suni tohumlama uygulamalarına bağlı olarak da ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Uterus enfeksiyonları; hipotalamus-hipofiz aksında ve ovaryumda bozukluklara neden olur. Ayrıca, direkt olarak uterus üzerine etkileri de söz konusudur. Böylece enfeksiyonlar; dominant follikül gelişimini baskılar, lutenizian hormon salınımını ve ovülasyonu engeller, korpus luteumun daha küçük ve progesteron üretiminin daha az olmasına neden olur. Fertilitenin düşmesine veya infertiliteye ve süt veriminde azalmaya yol açması gibi ciddi ekonomik kayıplar oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle teşhis ve tedavi büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Uterus enfeksiyonlarının formlarına göre değişik tedavi yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Tedavide amaç, uterusun kasılmalarını artırarak temizlenmesini ve savunma mekanizmasını uyararak enfeksiyon etkenlerinin kalıcı hâle geçmesini engellemektir. Metrit tedavisinde parenteral antibiyotik tedavisi daha çok tercih edilmesine rağmen endometrit tedavisi çok tartışmalıdır. Antibakteriyel direnç oluşması, antibakteriyel ajanlar üzerine uterus çevresinin etkileri veya uterusun savunma sistemi üzerine tedavi ajanlarının etkilerine bağlı olmak üzere yapılan araştırmalarda çelişkili sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle endometritli ineklerde tek bir tedavi yöntemini uygulamak çok zordur. Bu derlemede, ineklerde uterus enfeksiyonlarında kullanılan çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri ve bu yöntemlerin etkililiği, avantaj ve dezavantajları hakkında literatür bilgileri verilmiştir.

CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF THE INTRATHECAL KETAMINE FOR OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY IN BITCHES

Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine HCl anesthesia on clinical values and some haemodynamic and biochemical parameters in bitches. An IT ketamine (10 mg/kg) was administered to 30 bitches with a spinal needle (18-22 G) in the lumbosacral space. The haemodynamic parameters were monitored and some biochemical values were assessed (blood gase, oxygen-haemoglobin, and electrolyte levels). The length and depth of anaesthesia was determined with a pinprick test, touching to the ligamenta lata uteri and incision. Anaesthesia took effect in less than 1 min in all dogs and has lasted an average of 95.9 min. In spite of the fact that the dogs recovered completely from the effects of dissociative anaesthesia, the anaesthesia in the some extremities was observed to be continued for an average of 17 min longer. The use of IT ketamine HCl raised blood pressure and did not have a depressive effect on respiratory and cardiac functions. It was concluded that ketamine HCl could be an appropriate alternative for ovariohysterectomy operations in bitches when the quality of the anaesthesia and the prevention of bradycardia and hypotension are considered.

Effect of Ovsynch and Cosynch Synchronisation Programmes Combined with β-carotene+ Vitamin E Administration upon the Pregnancy Rates in Cows

Sunulan çal şman n amac , ineklerde β-karoten+Vitamin E (Dalmavital®) uygulamas yla kombine edilen Ovsynch ve Cosynch senkronizasyon programlar yard m yla suni tohumlama sonras gebelik oran n art rmakt r. Değişik rk ve yaşlardaki toplam 225 baş inek 4 deneme grubuna ayr ld : “β-karoten+Vitamin E+Ovsynch” (Grup I, n=81), “β-karoten+ Vitamin E+Cosynch” (Grup II, n=45), “Ovsynch” (Grup III, n=60) ve “Cosynch” (Grup IV, n=39). Tüm ineklerde prematüre östrus oran (Grup I’de en yüksek, %18.5; p<0.001) toplam %9.3 (21/225) idi ve bu 21 baş inek sonraki β-karoten düzeyi ve gebelik oran yönünden dikkate al nmad . Geriye kalan toplam 204 baş inek değerlendirildiğinde, Grup I (n=66) ve II’deki (n=44) gebelik oranlar (s ras yla %25.8 ve %34.1), Grup III (n=57) ve IV’teki (n=37) oranlara (s ras yla %17.5 ve %21.6) göre nispeten (p>0.05) daha yüksekti. Buna karş n, gebelik durumlar na bak lmaks z n ve özellikle PGF2α enjeksiyonu öncesi, Grup I ve II’deki plazma β-karoten düzeyleri (43.7±34.8 ile 64.9±47.2 μg/dl aras ), Grup III ve IV’teki düzeylere (18.1±1.3 ile 19.9±5.9 μg/dl aras ) göre önemli ölçüde (p<0.001) daha yüksekti. Sonuç olarak, ineklerde β-karoten+ Vitamin E uygulamas yla kombine edilen Ovsynch ve Cosynch senkronizasyon programlar n n suni tohumlama sonras gebelik oranlar n nispeten art rd ğ , dolay s yla β-karoten+Vitamin E ile senkronizasyon protokolüne destek uygulamas n n postpartum dönemde yüksek yavru verimi yönünden, s n rl düzeyde de olsa, faydal olabileceği kan s na var ld . Anahtar sözcükler: İnek, Ovsynch, Cosynch, Senkronizasyon, β-karoten, Gebelik