Eraldo Schunk Silva

The effect of different soil properties on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of peanuts, sorghum and maize

ABSTRACT – (The effect of different soil properties on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of peanuts, sorghum and maize).Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important for plant growth since they increase mineral influx. However, symbiosis efficiencyis affected by many environmental factors. This study evaluated the effects of different treatments (+/- phosphorus; +/- liming; +/-organic matter; field, sandy or clayey soil textures) on root colonization (RC) of peanuts, sorghum and maize. The combination of theseresulted in seventy-two treatments. The 2×2×2×3×3 factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized design. All data were subjectedto variance analysis and the means were compared (Tukey at P≤0.05). Three months after seed germination, roots were collected toevaluate the percentage of RC. Results showed that soil texture and liming were the most important factors influencing colonizationpercentage in maize, sor ghum and peanuts by AMF. Significant dif ferences were also observed between the phytobionts. Or ganic matter(OM) had very little influence and phosphorus addition had no effect on RC.

Successive cultivation of maize and agricultural practices on root colonization, number of spores and species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

A large number of propagules and a broad spectrum of species are two important components of ecosystem (including agroecosystem) sustainability. Previous studies carried out in temperate areas showed that repeated monoculture leads to a decrease in the species abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study evaluated the influence of maize monoculture and its agricultural practices on AMF during three consecutive cropping years in a Brazilian field. At the end of each cycle, soil and root samples were evaluated for species composition, spore populations and root colonization by AMF. The AMF community present during this period was scored according to the Spearman rank correlation and Principal Components Analysis. The mean percent root colonization values for the three cultivation periods were: 66.9, 60.7 and 70.5, respectively. Seven species were detected in the first year, Scutellospora persica being the most abundant (24.1% of spores) and Glomus macrocarpum the most observed (100% of samples). In the second year, Glomus etunicatum was the species with the greatest number of spores (24.7%) and, like G. macrocarpum, the most frequently observed (90%) in a community of thirteen. In the third year, twenty-three AMF species were identified, Scutellospora sp. 1 being the most abundant (17.4%), and Gigaspora decipiens and Glomus claroideum the most frequent (both with a relative frequency of 70%). The main soil factors influencing root colonization and sporulation by AMF were pH (and related properties), phosphorus and organic matter contents.

THE PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION OF THE NURSING TEAM VS. WORK CONDITIONS AND RELATIONS: A RELATIONAL STUDY

Estudio relacional, transversal y cuantitativo. Tuvo como objetivo probar la asociacion de variables sociodemograficas y profesionales con satisfaccion en el trabajo de equipos de enfermeria del hospital, y tambien comprobar si las relaciones y las condiciones de trabajo influyen en la satisfaccion laboral de los mismos equipos. Participo en 212 sujetos que respondieron al cuestionario de la encuesta Condiciones y las relaciones laborales en el periodo de febrero a junio de 2013. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadistica descriptiva y analisis inferencial utilizando el Test Exacto de Fisher y Chi-Cuadrado. Se encontro significacion estadistica (p<0,05) entre la insatisfaccion y el sexo, tiempo de la graduacion, el sector y turno de trabajo, el numero y tipo de contrato de trabajo, el tamano del equipo, seguridad y salud ocupacional, sector del alojamiento, distribucion de tareas, estimulo profesional, la motivacion y la apreciacion laboral. Se concluye que las condiciones inadecuadas y relaciones en el trabajo estaban asociadas con la insatisfaccion laboral de las enfermeras.Estudo relacional, transversal, quantitativo que objetivou testar a associacao de variaveis sociodemograficas e profissionais com a satisfacao no trabalho de equipes de enfermagem hospitalar e, verificar se as relacoes e as condicoes de trabalho influenciam na satisfacao profissional das mesmas equipes. Participaram 212 sujeitos que responderam ao questionario Pesquisa das Condicoes e Relacoes de Trabalho, no periodo entre fevereiro a junho de 2013. Os dados foram tratados por meio de analise estatistica descritiva e bivariada, com uso do Teste Exato de Fischer e Qui-Quadrado. Constatou-se que houve significância estatistica (p<0,05) entre insatisfacao e sexo, tempo de formacao, setor e turno de trabalho, numero e tipo de vinculo, tamanho da equipe, seguranca e medicina do trabalho, acomodacoes do setor, distribuicao das tarefas, estimulo profissional, valorizacao laboral e motivacao. Concluiu-se que inadequadas condicoes e relacoes no trabalho se associaram a insatisfacao laboral de profissionais de enfermagem.

SATISFAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DA EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM X CONDIÇÕES E RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO: ESTUDO RELACIONAL

Estudio relacional, transversal y cuantitativo. Tuvo como objetivo probar la asociacion de variables sociodemograficas y profesionales con satisfaccion en el trabajo de equipos de enfermeria del hospital, y tambien comprobar si las relaciones y las condiciones de trabajo influyen en la satisfaccion laboral de los mismos equipos. Participo en 212 sujetos que respondieron al cuestionario de la encuesta Condiciones y las relaciones laborales en el periodo de febrero a junio de 2013. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadistica descriptiva y analisis inferencial utilizando el Test Exacto de Fisher y Chi-Cuadrado. Se encontro significacion estadistica (p<0,05) entre la insatisfaccion y el sexo, tiempo de la graduacion, el sector y turno de trabajo, el numero y tipo de contrato de trabajo, el tamano del equipo, seguridad y salud ocupacional, sector del alojamiento, distribucion de tareas, estimulo profesional, la motivacion y la apreciacion laboral. Se concluye que las condiciones inadecuadas y relaciones en el trabajo estaban asociadas con la insatisfaccion laboral de las enfermeras.Estudo relacional, transversal, quantitativo que objetivou testar a associacao de variaveis sociodemograficas e profissionais com a satisfacao no trabalho de equipes de enfermagem hospitalar e, verificar se as relacoes e as condicoes de trabalho influenciam na satisfacao profissional das mesmas equipes. Participaram 212 sujeitos que responderam ao questionario Pesquisa das Condicoes e Relacoes de Trabalho, no periodo entre fevereiro a junho de 2013. Os dados foram tratados por meio de analise estatistica descritiva e bivariada, com uso do Teste Exato de Fischer e Qui-Quadrado. Constatou-se que houve significância estatistica (p<0,05) entre insatisfacao e sexo, tempo de formacao, setor e turno de trabalho, numero e tipo de vinculo, tamanho da equipe, seguranca e medicina do trabalho, acomodacoes do setor, distribuicao das tarefas, estimulo profissional, valorizacao laboral e motivacao. Concluiu-se que inadequadas condicoes e relacoes no trabalho se associaram a insatisfacao laboral de profissionais de enfermagem.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in an HBV endemic area in Brazil

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a common cause of complications in liver disease and immunological impairment among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and their correlation with CD4+ T-cells among HIV-infected patients in an HBV endemic area. Methods A cross-sectional observational and retrospective study was carried out in a reference center in Southern Brazil between January 2005 and December 2016. Socio-demographic data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Serological tests and analysis of CD4+ T-cell count levels were performed using standard procedures. Results The seroprevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV coinfections was 3.10%, 3.10%, and 0.16%, respectively. At baseline, anti-hepatitis B surface and anti-hepatitis B core antigens were detected in 46.27% and 16.74% of HIV-monoinfected patients and in 31.25% and 21.86% of the HIV-HCV coinfected patients, respectively. The median CD4+ T-cell count at baseline in the HIV-monoinfected group was higher than that in the HIV-coinfected groups, but without statistical significance. The median CD4+ T-cell count and the CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly higher in HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV groups after 24 months of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) compared to the pre-cART values. When comparing patients with HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV on cART, CD4+ T-cell recovery was more rapid for HIV-HBV patients. Conclusion Although the analyzed region was endemic for HBV, the prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was lower than the rate found in the general population of Brazil. HBV and HCV had no significant impact on CD4+ T-cell counts among HIV-infected patients at baseline.

Risk areas for hepatitis A, B and C in the municipality of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil 2007-2010

Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. We retrospectively analyzed 338 cases of hepatitis A, B and C in Maringá, Paraná State from 2007 through 2010. The hepatitis A virus was present in 5.6% of the cases, hepatitis B in 44.7% and hepatitis C in 49.7%. Most of the patients affected were male (55.3%), white (79.6%) and had some primary education (42.9%). Of the 338 cases analyzed, 13.0% had comorbidities. The cases were concentrated in large-population census zones, but it was concluded that the spatial distribution of viral hepatitis in Maringá occurred randomly rather than show any regular pattern.

University students' knowledge and perceived adequate conduct in cases of acute stroke

The ability of the general population to recognize the initial symptoms of acute stroke is important for the prevention of neurological damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge held by university students in health fields and what they perceived was adequate conduct after recognizing that someone is having an acute stroke. The students took a semi-structured, two-part questionnaire, with the first part referring to social and demographic data and the second containing a description of stroke’s typical clinical presentation and open-ended questions about it. Of the participants, 86.24% were able to recognize stroke. When comparing the initial and final years, the students in their final years had approximately a 10% increase in stroke recognition. Regarding the perceived correct conduct, it was observed that 84.60% of the students in the initial years would have the right conduct compared to 89.32% of the students in the final years. Even though a high percentage of students demonstrated some knowledge about stroke it is important that we aspire to further educate them about the subject, enabling them to eventually contribute to the general population’s education and to promote health.

TOXOPLASMA GONDII – SOROPREVALÊNCIA EM PACIENTES HIV NO SUL DO BRASIL

The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and its association with predictors in HIV-infected patients. A cross-sectional study with HIV-infected patients attended at a referral center in Southern Brazil between 2005 and 2014. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was 57.90%, being significantly higher in patients belonging to 30-49 years (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.2, 95% CI 1.57-17.10, p=0.007) and ≥ 50 years (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.22-13.77, p=0,02, female (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.33-7.32, p <0.0001) and with ≤ 8 years of education (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.62-2, 93, p <0.0001). Single patients with HIV diagnosis time ≤ 1 year had a protective factor (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.25-0.99, p = 0.04) and (OR 0.5, CI 0.37 -0.73, p <0.0001), respectively. The findings report high seroprevalence for T. gondii in HIV-infected patients.

ATTITUDE TOWARD LEISURE AMONG THE COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERLY: AN INTERFACE FOR HEALTH PROMOTION

A cross-sectional study with quantitative approach carried out with 387 community-dwelling elderly to identify their attitudes toward leisure activities in the cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fishers association test and Spearmans correlation. Most participants were female, aged up to 80 years, married and had up to four years of schooling. The elderly had a predominantly positive attitude toward leisure in the three subscales, with a lower mean for the behavioral subscales, which indicated that some elders had a negative attitude. This was significantly associated with age, educational attainment, smoking status and functional capacity. In conclusion, a positive attitude and greater involvement in leisure activities allows health professionals to raise a critical reflection in the elderly, especially in their behavioral attitude to rethink the planning, opportunities and resources for leisure.

The effect Mat Pilates practice on muscle mass in elderly women

Objetivo: verificar se a prática de Pilates Solo aumenta a massa muscular de mulheres idosas. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, com coleta de dados primários e com amostra de conveniência. Avaliou-se a massa muscular de 43 idosas por 11 semanas, por meio do cálculo da área muscular do braço, antes e depois da intervenção. Resultados: foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,002) entre o valor da média da área muscular do braço, antes (35,56cm2) e após a prática dos exercícios (42,72cm2). Conclusão: o programa de Pilates aplicado no solo gera efeito positivo no aumento da massa muscular de idosas. Descritores: Idoso; Músculo Esquelético; Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento; Estado Nutricional.