Esam Mosbah

Surgical Management of Penile and Preputial Neoplasms in Equine with Special Reference to Partial Phallectomy

Penile and preputial neoplasia in horses occurs infrequently and represents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The present study was carried out on a total number of 21 equids (14 stallions and 7 donkeys) suffered from different penile and preputial neoplasia. Diagnosis of neoplasms was based up on history of the case, clinical examination as well as histopathological evaluation. Animals with penile and preputial neoplasms were underwent local excision and partial phallectomy with a slightly modified version of the techniques described by Williams. The diagnosed neoplasms were penile and preputial squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; n = 15); sarcoid (n = 4); a-fibrosarcoma; and a melanoma. Local excision was curative in all cases except 5 stallions with SCCs. These stallions had extensive damage of the glans penis, free part of the penis and the inner lamina of the internal fold of the prepuce, and they underwent a partial phallectomy with successful outcome. Follow-up information was obtained by visit and telephone inquiries. In conclusion, penile and preputial neoplasms are commonly encountered in elderly male horses and SCCs are the most common type affecting male external genitalia. Partial phallectomy is effective for management of equine neoplasia if they are confined to the glans and body of the penis and there is no proximal spread or involvement to regional lymph nodes.

Utility of ultrasonography for diagnosis of superficial swellings in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

We studied 72 buffalo with superficial swellings in the head (n=4), neck (n=5), chest wall (n=4), abdominal wall (n=28), limbs (n=16), gluteal region (n=8), perineal region (n=6) and udder (n=1). Ultrasonographically, the swellings varied according to type, duration, content and location. The clinical use of ultrasound to assess these superficial swellings allowed diagnosis of abscesses (n=21), hematomas (n=11), hernias (n=17), bursitis (n=13), urethral diverticula (n=6) and tumors (n=4). Ultrasonography could precisely discriminate each lesion type (sensitivity, 71–100%; specificity, 75–100%; odds ratio, 1.0–8.4; Confidence Interval, 74.2–20; and P value 0.001). The specificity for ultrasonographic evaluation of superficial swellings was 100% for hernias, urethral diverticula and tumors, whilst the lowest specificity was recorded for hematomas (75%) and abscesses (92%). In conclusion, ultrasonography provides a precise, non-invasive and fast technique for the evaluation, classification and subsequent treatment of a variety of superficial swellings in buffalo.

Ultrasonography of normal reticulum in 30 healthy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Reticulum is incriminated in most cases of gastrointestinal disturbances in bovines and should be firstly examined. The aim of the present study was to assess ultrasonographic appearance and relation of reticulum to its surrounding in a normal buffalo (N = 30). Sonographic examination was performed in a standing nonsedated buffalo using 3.5-MHz convex transducer. B and M modes of display were used for examination. Reticulum appeared as a half-moon-shaped structure with a smooth contour; it could be easily accessed from the left and right ventral thoracic region than from midline. Biphasic contraction was recorded in all examined buffalo while only four animals had a triphasic contraction. Four to five contractions were recorded during a 4-minute examination period. The mean distance between reticulum and left abdominal wall was 1.603±0.566 cm. The duration of the first and second reticular contractions were 3.080±0.43 and 4.407±0.796 sec, respectively. However, the duration of relaxation interval was 42.63±3.187 sec. The amplitude of first contraction was 6.341±1.600 cm. In conclusion, reticular appearance and characters of reticular motility in buffalo is similar to that reported in cows, but reticulum was best accessed from left and right ventral thorax than from midline. M mode of display is an alternative tool for evaluation of reticular motility. The result of the present study could be used as a reference for reticular examination in a healthy buffalo.

Synergistic efficacy of tramadol and meloxicam on alleviation of pain and selected immunological variables after sciatic nerve ligation in rats

Abstract This study was performed for evaluation of the effect of pre-operative and post-operative administration of tramadol and meloxicam combination on hyperalgesia and selected inflammatory responses after sciatic nerve ligation in rats. An eighty male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups; preemptive analgesic group, in which the rats received analgesic agents 30 min before nerve ligation. Also the nociceptive pain tests were detected before surgery, 120 and 150 min post-analgesics injection. The serum IL-6 and PGE-2 concentrations were detected at 150 min post-analgesics injection. The second group was post-operative analgesic group; in which the rats exposed for the nerve ligation then the rats received analgesic agents at 5 till 11 day’s post-operative. Behavioral tests were performed before surgery and on each even days post-operatively. The serum concentration of IL-6 and PGE-2 was determined at 5, 10 and 14 days post-operative. Tramadol and meloxicam combination had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) reverse hyperalgesia while preemptive administration of tramadol and meloxicam significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum IL-6 production compared to post-operative treatment. In conclusion, the preemptive combination of tramadol and meloxicam produced a potent analgesic effect post nerve ligation in rats.

Sildenafil Efficacy on Renal Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Dogs

Sildenafil Efficacy on Renal Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Dogs The present study reveals a catastrophic corrosive ingestion injury of upper gastrointestinal tract. A 17 year old boy intentionally ingested some corrosive acid and died due to perforation of stomach and peritonitis. The autopsy findings and toxicological analysis report confirmed that he had ingested sulphuric acid. A thorough literature review of corrosive ingestion injuries, their diagnosis and treatment allowed to show the fatality of such cases depend on the type and amount of corrosive ingested, the state of stomach whether empty or full, the promptness of treatment given and various such factors.

Histopathology of Tumor and Tumor- Like Lesions in Twelve Female Water Buffaloes

Summary А histopathological analysis of twelve biopsy specimens of tumor and tumor- like lesions obtained from female buffaloes in the period 2008–2013 was performed at the department of Pathology, faculty of veterinary medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Among the total number of specimens, seven lesions were located in the skin including two ulcerating lesions, one ulcerating lesion with superficial spreading basal cell carcinoma (SSBCC), two parakeratotic hyperkeratotic lesions with spongiosis and intracellular edema, one dermoid cyst and one epidermoid cyst. In addition to an encapsulated tail base abscess, four tumorous masses were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, buccal capillary hemangioma, buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), and rectal leiomyoma with parasitic infestation.

Scrotal Pythiosis in a Draft Horse

Scrotal Pythiosis in a Draft Horse Equine cutaneous pythiosis (ECP) has been directly related to the attraction of aquatic zoospores of Pythium insidiosum (P. insidiosum) to the cutaneous lesions, followed by encystation of zoospores in the new habitat. P. insidiosumrequires an aquatic environment and organic substrate (e.g., moist, decaying vegetation) for maintenance of its normal life cycle. The lesions were restricted to the skin and subcutaneous tissues in horses. However, the organism can invade the external genitalia, neck, trunk, dorsal midline, intestinal tract, lymphatic, arteries, lung, trachea, bone, joints, and tendon sheaths. This case report described scrotal pythiosis in a draft horse.