Esra Çetin

Size and location of the fetal human ovary

Objective: To determine the development and the localization of the ovaries during the fetal period. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty-four ovaries obtained from 77 human fetuses aged between 9 and 40 weeks of gestation were used in this study. Firstly, the shapes and the positions of the ovaries were established. Second, the localization of the ovaries with respect to linea terminalis, ureters, and the iliac arteries were determined. Finally, the dimensions and the weight of the ovaries were measured. Findings: In the fetal period, the ovaries were most commonly almond shaped and had an oblique orientation. In the 1st trimester the midpoint of the long axis of the fetal ovaries were at the level of linea terminalis. In the 2nd and 3rd trimester and full-term fetuses, it was observed that the ovaries were not in ovarian fossa, suggesting that descensus ovary was in progression during these times. During the intrauterine period, the ovaries were most commonly located anterior to the ureters and over the common iliac artery, only to migrate to its final location between the internal and external iliac arteries towards the end of the 40th week. Conclusion: We found that the ovaries did not assume the position of the adults at the end of the fetal period, rather continued its descent after the birth. We believe our findings about the fetal ovaries will be useful in obstetrics, fetal pathology, and forensic pathology.

M.ekstensor indicis yokluğu ile birlikte üç başlı m.biceps brachii olgusu

Suleyman Demirel Universitesi TIP FAKULTESI DERGISI: 2008 Mart; 15 (2) M.ekstensor indicis yoklugu ile birlikte uc basli m.biceps brachii olgusu Esra Cetin Kadir Desticioglu Osman Sulak Ozet Ozet M. ekstensor indicis, ulna.nin ve membrana interossea.nin arka kismindan baslar ve isaret parmagi yakininda ekstensor aponorozda sonlanir. M. biceps brachii ise kisa ve uzun basi olan iki basli bir kastir. Literaturde m. ekstensor indicis kasinin yoklugu nadir olarak tanimlanmis ve uc basli m. biceps brachii olgularinin varligi bildirilmistir. Anabilim dalimizda 2005-2006 egitim ogretim yilinda rutin kadavra diseksiyonu sirasinda 82 yasindaki erkek kadavrada sol ekstremitede m. ekstensor indicis kasinin olmadigi goruldu. Ayni vakada ve ayni ekstremitede m. biceps brachii kasinin da uc basli oldugu ve ucuncu basinin humerus.un anterolateralinden basladigi tespit edildi. Bu uc bas birlestikten sonra tuberositas radii ve aponeurosis bicipitalis.de sonlanmaktaydi. Yaptigimiz literatur taramalarinda ayni olguda ve ayni ekstremitede m. ekstensor indicis yoklugu ile birlikte uc basli m. biceps brachii olgusuna rastlanmamistir. Calismamizda tanimladigimiz bu varyasyonlarin bu bolge ile ilgili cerrahi girisimlerde ve bu bolge patolojilerinin tani ve tedavilerinde ilgili hekimlere yardimci olacagini dusunmekteyiz. Anahtar kelimeler: M. ekstensor indicis, uc basli m. biceps brachii, varyasyon, anatomi Abstract Absence of extensor indicis muscle with three headed biceps brachii Extensor indicis muscle normally begins from the posterior side of ulna and interosseous membrane and ends near the index finger on extensor aponeurosis. Biceps brachii muscle is a two-headed muscle which has short and long heads. Absence of extensor indicis muscle is rarely identified and existence of three headed biceps brachii muscle was reported. In our department, during routine student dissection in 2005-2006 term, absence of extensor indicis muscle in left extremity was observed in 82 year-old man cadaver. In the same case and same extremity, it was also observed that biceps brachii muscle had three heads. The third head of biceps brachii muscle was originating from anterolateral part of humerus. After joining each other, all three heads of biceps brachii muscle were ending on the radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis. However, in literature search we couldn.t find any case including the absence of extensor indicis and three headed biceps brachii muscle in the same cadaver and the same extremity. Therefore, we think that knowing the variations described in the present study can be helpful for surgeons interested in diagnosis and treatment of possible pathologies related to this area. Key words: m. extensor indicis, three headed biceps brachi, anatomy, variation

Fetal büyümeye etki eden çevresel faktörler

SuleymanDemirel Universitesi TIP FAKULTESI DERGISI: 2005 Haziran; 12(2) Fetal buyumeye etki eden cevresel faktorler Esra Cetin, M. Ali Malas Ozet Gebelikte, hava, su, gurultu, manyetik ortam ve kimyasal maddeler gibi cevresel faktorlerin zararli etkilerinin olabilecegi konusu gunumuzde artan bir ilgi odagi haline gelmistir. Calismamizda bu cevresel faktorlerin fetal buyume uzerine etkileri ile ilgili literaturler gozden gecirildi. Cevresel etkenlerin gebelikte degisen feto-maternal fizyoloji sonucunda annenin sagligi ile birlikte fetusun saglik durumunu da etkileyebilecegi belirtilmektedir. Cevresel kirlilik faktorlerinin ozellikle dusuk dogum agirligi, intrauterin buyume geriligi, preterm dogum, spontan abortus ve fetal mortalite ile olan iliskileri bildirilmistir. Ayrica cevresel kirlilige maruziyetin noral tup defekti, yarik damak ve dudak, kardiyovaskuler sistem defektleri, santral sinir sistemi, solunum sistemi ve uriner sistem defektleri gibi degisik dogum defektleriyle iliskili oldugu da belirtilmektedir. Bu nedenle cevresel faktorlerin fetus uzerinde etkilerinin arastirilmasi icin daha ileri calismalara ihtiyac vardir. Anahtar kelimeler: Fetus, fetal buyume, cevre Abstract Environmental Factors That Affect The Fetal Growth The fact that some environmental factors like air, water, noise, magnetic fields and chemicals may have some harmful effects, continues to arouse more interest especially in last years. We have reviewed some literatures about the effects of these environmental factors on fetal growth. It has been reported that environmental factors can affect the feto – maternal health status in accordance with the altered physiological conditions during pregnancy. Among these unsolicited effects, there are some insults like low birth weight, intrauterine growth failure, preterm delivery, spontan abortus and fetal mortality. Furthermore, it has also been highlighted that exposure to environmental pollution is related with neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, cardiovascular system defects and abnormalities in central nervous, respiratory and genitourinary systems. For this reason, further studies are needed to reveal the effects of environmental factors on fetal development more clearly. Key words: Fetus, fetal growth, environment