Kadir Desdicioglu

Development of the Fetal Duodenum: A Postmortem Study

Objective: To gather detailed morphometric data to be able to assess fetal development of the duodenum and its morphology. Material and Method: The present study was carried out on 222 human fetuses (114 males, 108 females) aged 9–40 weeks of gestation with no external pathology or anomaly. Fetuses were grouped based on gestational weeks, months and trimesters. Once general external measurements of the fetuses were carried out, the abdominal wall was dissected. The relationships between the duodenum and surrounding structures and its localization were determined. Morphometric data on height, width, length and diameters were gathered. Findings: Means and standard deviations of all parameters were calculated for each gestational week, month and trimester. There were significant relations between measured parameters and gestational age (p < 0.001). There were no sex differences in parameters (p > 0.05). All data were compared with previous studies and discussed. Conclusion: Data obtained in this study will contribute to other studies carried out in obstetrics, perinatology, forensic medicine and fetal pathology departments, aimed at identifying anomalies, pathologies and variations of the duodenum and treatment of such cases.

Anatomical development of urinary bladder during the fetal period

The aim of this study was to determine the development, location, and size of the urinary bladder during the fetal period. The study was performed on 149 human fetuses between 9 and 40 weeks of gestation. The location of the urinary bladder with respect to transverse plane between the highest point of pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory and median sagittal plane was first determined. The dimensions and the angle of the urinary bladder were measured, and bladder shapes were determined. In addition, the edges of the vesical trigone were measured. There was no significant difference between sexes for any of the parameters (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between all parameters and gestational age (P < 0.001). The urinary bladder was located above the transverse plane in most of the cases (83%) and in the median sagittal plane in every case. It was determined that the angle of bladder did not change and the mean value of the angle was 151° during the fetal period. Bladder was categorized into four different shapes (ellipsoid, round, cuboid, and triangular), and the most common shape found during the fetal period was cuboid. The vesical trigone was an isosceles triangle during the fetal period. The new data provided by this study will enable evaluation of the development of the fetal urinary bladder, and should be useful in several fields such as anatomy, fetopathology, medical imaging, obstetrics, and pediatric urology. Clin. Anat. 21:683–690, 2008.

Vertebralara Ait Anatomik Yapıların Morfometrik Olarak İncelenmesi ve Klinik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi: Anatomik Çalışma

Amac: Vertebralara ait anatomik yapilarin morfometrik olarak incelenmesi ve klinik acidan degerlendirilmesi amaclandi. Materyal ve Metod: Calisma Izmir Katip Celebi Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Anatomi Anabilim Dali laboratuarindaki cinsiyetleri bilinmeyen 100 adet vertebra uzerinde yapildi. Atlas, axis ve butunlugunu kaybetmis olan vertebralar calismaya dahil edilmedi. Calismada vertebralara ait anatomik yapilardan morfometrik olcumler alindi. Alinan olcumler istatistiki olarak degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Alinan morfometrik olcumlerin ortalamalari belirlendi. Ayni bolgedeki vertebra parametre sonuclarinin degerlendirilmesinde; sag ve sol taraflar arasinda fark olmadigi belirlendi (p>0.05). Farkli bolgedeki vertebra parametre sonuclarinin degerlendirilmesinde; servikal ve thorakal vertebra parametreleri arasinda sag ve sol pediculus arcus vertebra kalinlik, sag ve sol pediculus arcus vertebra uzunluk, interpedikuler mesafe ve sag ve sol processus transversus kalinlik haric diger parametreler arasinda fark oldugu belirlendi (p<0.05). Ayrica, thorakal ve lumbal vertebra parametreleri arasinda sag ve sol lamina arcus vertebra kalinlik, sag ve sol lamina arcus vertebra yukseklik, interlaminar mesafe, sag ve sol processus transversus uzunluk, ust ve alt yuzey foramen vertebra sagittal cap, sag ve sol incissura vertebralis genislik, sag incissura vertebralis derinlik parametreleri haric diger parametreler arasinda fark oldugu tespit edildi (p<0.05). Servikal ve lumbal vertebra parametreleri arasinda ise; sol processus transversus yukseklik parametresi haric diger parametreler arasinda fark oldugu belirlendi (p<0.05). Sonuc: Beyin cerrahlari ve ortopedistler tarafindan transpedikuler vidalama yontemi ile stabilizasyon yaygin bir sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Vertebralar cinsiyet tayininde az kullanilan kemikler olmasina ragmen, olay yerinde en fazla bulunan kemiklerdendir. Bu da cinsiyet tayininde vertebralarin onemini artirmaktadir. Sonuc olarak; calisma sonucunda elde ettigimiz verilerin ilgili bolumlere faydali olacagi kanisindayiz.

Radiological Investigation and Clinical Evaluation of the Morphometric Development of the Forearm in Human Fetuses

Fetal period of time during which the fetus grows rapidly and the organs are formed. The prenatal and postnatal analyses of the fetal structure provide information as to fetal growth, growth retardation, gestational age and congenital malf ormations. The development of the skeletal system during the intrauterine period takes place in an orderly manner as it also does in other sy tems. It was aimed that the morphometric development of the forearm in human fetuses during the period between 20-40 gestational week s be radiologically investigated and that its clinical importance be evaluated, as well. A total of 100 fetal forearms (50 fetuses: 23 male, 27 female), the ages of which varied between 20-40 gestational weeks, without having any external pathology or anomaly were incorp orat d into the study. The fetuses were separated into groups according to weeks, trimesters and months. After the general external me asur ments of the fetuses had been performed, the mammographies and forearm radiographies of the fetuses were shot in the way that the for earms would remain in a prone position. Morphometric measurements pertaining to forearm structures were taken from the forearm radiog r phies that were shot with the help of a digital compass. Later on, the morphometric measurements in question were statistically evalu ated. The mean values and the standard deviations of the measured parameters were determined according to gestational weeks, trimesters a nd months. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age (p<0.001). In the compariso n of the measured parameters between trimesters and months, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference betwee n th groups (p<0.05). Separately, it was also determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of the parameters, which was made between genders and right-left forearms (p>0.05). As for the results obtained in our study, we are of the opinio n at the data obtained during this study period will be beneficial for the involved clinicians, such as those in charge of gynecology, r adi l , forensic medicine and perinatology, in terms of evaluating the clinical studies related to the morphometric development of the forearm throughout the fetal period, in determining the fetal age and sex, and also in determining the pathologies and variations regar ding the development of fetal skeletal system.

The impact of prefertilization chronic mild stress on postnatal morphometric development

Objective. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) induced before the fertilization on gestational maternal weight, length of gestation, and postnatal morphometric development. Material and method. Study is carried out on 18 Wistar albino rats; six females in the stress group, six females in the control group, and six males to be used for mating. CMS was induced in rats of the stress group for 4 weeks, followed by a post-CMS waiting period of 5-weeks. Rats were left for mating at the end of the post-CMS period. Weight gain in pregnant rats was monitored and length of gestation and litter size were recorded in the stress and control groups. Growth parameters of pups pertaining to the body, cranium, thorax, and limbs were measured until week 11. Findings. Weight gained by pregnant rats in the stress group was less than the control group. Increases in mean morphometric parameters from day 0 to week 11 in the stress group were less than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, when developmental parameters at weeks 7, 9, and 11 were compared between genders, females in the stress group were found more affected than males (p < 0.05). Conclusion. CMS sustained before fertilization has a negative effect on gestational maternal weight and postnatal morphometric development of pups, more prominently in females.

Morphometric development of sphincter of oddi in human fetuses during fetal period: microscopic study.

OBJECTIVE In this study, morphometric developments of the sphincter of Oddi in human fetuses were observed. MATERIAL AND METHODS We observed 113 human fetuses consisting of 67 male and 46 female subjects, whose ages varied between 14 to 40 weeks who showed no signs of any pathology or anomaly externally. The common external measurements of fetuses were carried out, followed by abdominal dissection to determine where the sphincters of Oddi were localized within the duodenum and pancreas. Histological specimens of tissue samples were gathered from the inner wall of the duodenum where it was assumed that the sphincters of Oddi had been localized. The parameters of total external diameters, lumen diameters, wall thickness, diameters of ductus choledochus and ductus pancreaticus, and the distance between these two structures, which are also known as the origins of the sphincter of Oddi, were measured by using a light microscope. The standard deviations of the measurements were calculated for each gestational week and trimester. RESULTS The calculations suggested that there were statistically significant correlations between gestational age and all of the other parameters with the exception of the ductus choledochus (p<0.001). It was observed that the wall thickness of the ductus choledochus increased at the first half of the fetal stage and decreased at the second half, as the lumen diameter increased through the 40th week. The gender difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The data we collected in our study were considered as useful for the evaluation of the development of the sphincter of Oddi area and fetal stage.