Estelamaris Tronco Monego

Hipertensão arterial e alguns fatores de risco em uma capital brasileira

OBJECTIVES: Estimate the prevalence of hypertension and some cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of a major city in Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive, observational, transversal population-based study substantiated by the home survey of a simple random sample (>18 years old). Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic information, measurements of blood pressure (2 measurements), weight, height, and abdominal circumference (AC). Microsoft Access and Epi Info 6 were used for data storage and analysis, respectively. The last blood pressure reading was used (hypertension: BP>140x90mmHg). RESULTS: The study evaluated 1,739 individuals (87% of the estimated sample). There was a predominance of females (65.4%) and mean age was 39.7 years (±15.6); arterial hypertension prevalence was 36.4%, higher for the male population (41.8%) when compared to females (31.8%). Correlation between Hypertension and Body Mass Index was positive, as well as with AC and age. The female gender and higher income were protective factors against hypertension. There was no correlation with schooling. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 30.0% and 13.6%, respectively; overweight was higher among females and obesity among males. The prevalence of smoking was 20.1%, more frequent among males (27.1%), when compared to females (16.4%). A sedentary lifestyle was observed in 62.3% of the population, with no difference between the genders. Regular alcohol consumption was reported by 44.4% of the individuals, being more frequent in males. CONCLUSION: Hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors (particularly overweight/obesity) indicators are high, reinforcing the need for objective nationwide measures to fight this disease, in order to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.

Determinantes de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em escolares

OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence and association of arterial hypertension with several lifestyle variables. METHODS Transversal population-based study with a random sample of students (7 to 14 years of age) of public and private schools. Variables investigated were nutritional status, blood pressure, and lifestyle (tobacco use, alcohol intake, physical activity and eating habits). RESULTS Out of the 3,169 schoolchildren assessed, 5.0% had arterial hypertension and 6.2% had normal-high blood pressure. Classification by gender shows boys 6.4% and girls 6.0% with normal-high blood pressure, and boys 4.3% and girls 5.7% with arterial hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) measurements identified 16.0% excess weight students, 4.9% of whom were obese. A significant association (p = 0.01) between arterial hypertension and excess weight was observed. Among the students participating in the study, 11.6% did not attend physical education classes and 37.8% had sedentary leisure habits. Twenty students (0.6%) were smokers and 32.7% had already experimented with alcohol. None of these variables showed statistical significance as to blood pressure values and nutritional status. CONCLUSION In light of the findings in this study which show schoolchildren with a higher than expected frequency of mean blood pressure and BMI values, associated with a lifestyle that tends to favour the development of cardiovascular diseases, we felt led to propose interventional measures focused on the school as an agent of change and capable of conveying information to family units. This possibility encourages us to propose that schools be partners in promoting health.

Monitoramento por entrevistas telefônicas de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas: experiência de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

Este estudo descreve alguns resultados do sistema de monitoramento de fatores de risco para doencas cronicas por entrevistas telefonicas no Municipio de Goiânia, Goias, Brasil, 2005. Foi estudada amostra probabilistica (n = 2.002) da populacao adulta servida por linhas telefonicas residenciais fixas. Foram analisadas variaveis comportamentais (consumo alimentar, atividade fisica, tabagismo e consumo de bebida alcoolica), peso e altura referidos e referencia a diagnostico medico de doencas cronicas. Foram calculadas estimativas de prevalencia e valores de qui-quadrado. Observou-se baixo consumo de frutas e hortalicas (47,1%), alta frequencia de inatividade fisica ocupacional (86,6%), no deslocamento para o trabalho (92,6%) e lazer (61,9%), consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoolicas (23,2%), excesso de peso (36,5%), obesidade (10,6%), hipertensao arterial (22,4%), dislipidemias (18,4%) e diabetes (4,4%). A maioria dos fatores de risco apresentou associacao inversa com escolaridade e direta com idade, com diferencas significativas entre sexos (p < 0,05). Observou-se alta prevalencia dos fatores de risco de doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis e de auto-referidas. Aspectos positivos do sistema: baixo custo operacional, possibilidade de monitorar a carga e a tendencia das doencas cronicas nao transmissiveis no nivel local.

Hipertensão arterial e sua associação com índices antropométricos em adultos de uma cidade de pequeno porte do interior do Brasil

OBJECTIVE Estimate the prevalence of Arterial Hypertension (AH) and its association with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Abdominal Circumference (AC) in the adult population from the city of Firminópolis, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. METHODS Descriptive, observational, cross sectional population-based study substantiated by a home survey of a simple random sample (> or = 18 years old). The study evaluated 1168 individuals. Standardized questionnaires. Measurements performed were Blood Pressure (BP) (hypertension: BP > or = 140 x 90 mmHg), weight, height and AC. Microsoft Office Access and Epi-info, 3.3.2 version were used for data storage and analysis, respectively. RESULTS There was a predominance of females (63.2%), mean age was 43.2 +/-14.9 years old. Prevalence of hypertension was 32.7%, with tendency to be higher among the male population (35.8%) when compared to the female (30.9%) (p=0.084). Association between AH and BMI was positive (p < 0.001), as well as between AC and age. Prevalence of overweight was 33.7% and obesity, 16.0%. Overweight was higher among the male population and obesity among the female population. Prevalence of increased as well as greatly increased AC in 51.9% of the studied population, with 28.6% among males and 65.5% among females. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of hypertension and a large number of individuals with BMI and AC above the ideal values were found.OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia da Hipertensao Arterial (HA) em adultos e sua associacao com o Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e Circunferencia da Cintura (CC). METODOS: Estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal, de base populacional, com amostra aleatoria simples (>18 anos). Investigados 1.168 individuos. Questionarios padronizados. Realizadas medidas de pressao arterial (criterio de HA > 140x90mmHg), peso, altura e CC. Dados armazenados (programa Microsoft Access) e analisados por meio do programa Epi-info, versao 3.3.2. RESULTADOS: Predominio do sexo feminino (63,2%), idade media 43,2 ± 14,9 anos. Prevalencia de HA de 32,7%, com tendencia a ser maior entre homens (35,8%) que entre mulheres (30,9%) (p=0,084). Associacao positiva (p<0,001) da HA com a idade, IMC e CC. Prevalencia de sobrepeso 33,7% e de obesidade 16,0%. Sobrepeso maior entre homens e obesidade entre mulheres. Prevalencia CC aumentada e muito aumentada em 51,9% da populacao estudada, sendo de 28,6% entre homens e 65,5% entre mulheres. CONCLUSAO: Foi encontrada alta prevalencia de HA e grande contingente de individuos com IMC e CC acima de valores ideais.

Diet and medication in the treatment of hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of diet and medication, either isolated or associated, on serum levels of uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia. METHODS We studied patients from the Hypertension Unit of the University of Goias who had hyperuricemia (men > or =8.5 mg/dL and women > or =7.5 mg/dL). We divided the patients into three groups: G1 (low purine diet), G2 (low purine diet + medication), and G3 (medication only). Patients received allopurinol, 150 mg/day titrated up to 300 mg/dL when necessary. Patients were evaluated with regards to their lifestyles (diet, smoking, physical, activity, alcohol consumption), uric acid, blood pressure, use of medication, body mass index, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Follow-up took place in weeks 0 (M1), 6 (M2), 12 (M3) during the intervention and in week 36 (M4) after the study was completed. RESULTS Fifty-five patients participated in the study, 31 women, mean age 54.4+/-10.6 years, body mass index 28.6+/-3.9 kg/m2. A similar reduction (p<0.001) in uric acid levels occurred in the three intervention groups. In week 36 (M4), after 24 weeks without intervention, a tendency toward elevation of uricemia was noted in G2 and G3, and a continuous drop in uricemia was noted in G1. No significant modifications were observed in the other variables analyzed. CONCLUSION Considering the cost x benefit relationship, a diet low in purine should be the 1st therapeutic option for controlling hyperuricemia in patients with similar characteristic to the ones presented in this study.

Hipertensão arterial e sua correlação com alguns fatores de risco em cidade brasileira de pequeno porte

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a health problem that affects a large number of undiagnosed or inadequately treated hypertensive individuals and presents a high rate of treatment nonadherence. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of AH and its correlation with some cardiovascular risk factors among the adult population of the town of Firminopolis, state of Goias, Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional population-based study of a simple random sample (age > 18 years): standardized questionnaires with blood pressure (BP) measurements (AH criterion: BP > 140 x 90 mmHg), weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Data were stored (Microsoft Access) and analyzed using Epi-info software. RESULTS: We evaluated 1,168 individuals, with a predominance of the female sex - 63.2% and a mean age of 43.2 ± 14.9 years. There was a prevalence of overweight in 33.7% of the individuals and obesity in 16.0% of the individuals. There was a prevalence of altered WC in 51.8% demand of smoking in 23.2%. A sedentary life style at work and leisure activities was present in 67.6% and 64.8% of the individuals, respectively, with a higher proportion seen among the women. Alcohol consumption was observed in 33.3% of the sample. The prevalence of AH was 32.7%, higher among the men (35.8%) than among the women (30.9%). A positive correlation with AH was identified with BMI, WC and age range. A negative correlation was observed between AH and level of schooling, with 18.2% of hypertensive individuals with 9 or more years of schooling. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of AH, overweight and WC alteration was identified. The female sex represented a protective factor for the risk of AH. A positive correlation was found between AH and BMI, WC and age range; a negative correlation was identified between AH and level of schooling.BACKGROUND arterial hypertension (AH) is a health problem that affects a large number of undiagnosed or inadequately treated hypertensive individuals and presents a high rate of treatment nonadherence. OBJECTIVE to estimate the prevalence of AH and its correlation with some cardiovascular risk factors among the adult population of the town of Firminopolis, state of Goiás, Brazil. METHODS descriptive, observational and cross-sectional population-based study of a simple random sample (age > 18 years): standardized questionnaires with blood pressure (BP) measurements (AH criterion: BP > 140 x 90 mmHg), weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Data were stored (Microsoft Access) and analyzed using Epi-info software. RESULTS we evaluated 1,168 individuals, with a predominance of the female sex - 63.2% and a mean age of 43.2 ± 14.9 years. There was a prevalence of overweight in 33.7% of the individuals and obesity in 16.0% of the individuals. There was a prevalence of altered WC in 51.8% demand of smoking in 23.2%. A sedentary life style at work and leisure activities was present in 67.6% and 64.8% of the individuals, respectively, with a higher proportion seen among the women. Alcohol consumption was observed in 33.3% of the sample. The prevalence of AH was 32.7%, higher among the men (35.8%) than among the women (30.9%). A positive correlation with AH was identified with BMI, WC and age range. A negative correlation was observed between AH and level of schooling, with 18.2% of hypertensive individuals with 9 or more years of schooling. CONCLUSION a high prevalence of AH, overweight and WC alteration was identified. The female sex represented a protective factor for the risk of AH. A positive correlation was found between AH and BMI, WC and age range; a negative correlation was identified between AH and level of schooling.

Arterial hypertension and its correlation with some risk factors in a small brazilian town

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a health problem that affects a large number of undiagnosed or inadequately treated hypertensive individuals and presents a high rate of treatment nonadherence. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of AH and its correlation with some cardiovascular risk factors among the adult population of the town of Firminopolis, state of Goias, Brazil. METHODS: Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional population-based study of a simple random sample (age > 18 years): standardized questionnaires with blood pressure (BP) measurements (AH criterion: BP > 140 x 90 mmHg), weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Data were stored (Microsoft Access) and analyzed using Epi-info software. RESULTS: We evaluated 1,168 individuals, with a predominance of the female sex - 63.2% and a mean age of 43.2 ± 14.9 years. There was a prevalence of overweight in 33.7% of the individuals and obesity in 16.0% of the individuals. There was a prevalence of altered WC in 51.8% demand of smoking in 23.2%. A sedentary life style at work and leisure activities was present in 67.6% and 64.8% of the individuals, respectively, with a higher proportion seen among the women. Alcohol consumption was observed in 33.3% of the sample. The prevalence of AH was 32.7%, higher among the men (35.8%) than among the women (30.9%). A positive correlation with AH was identified with BMI, WC and age range. A negative correlation was observed between AH and level of schooling, with 18.2% of hypertensive individuals with 9 or more years of schooling. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of AH, overweight and WC alteration was identified. The female sex represented a protective factor for the risk of AH. A positive correlation was found between AH and BMI, WC and age range; a negative correlation was identified between AH and level of schooling.BACKGROUND arterial hypertension (AH) is a health problem that affects a large number of undiagnosed or inadequately treated hypertensive individuals and presents a high rate of treatment nonadherence. OBJECTIVE to estimate the prevalence of AH and its correlation with some cardiovascular risk factors among the adult population of the town of Firminopolis, state of Goiás, Brazil. METHODS descriptive, observational and cross-sectional population-based study of a simple random sample (age > 18 years): standardized questionnaires with blood pressure (BP) measurements (AH criterion: BP > 140 x 90 mmHg), weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Data were stored (Microsoft Access) and analyzed using Epi-info software. RESULTS we evaluated 1,168 individuals, with a predominance of the female sex - 63.2% and a mean age of 43.2 ± 14.9 years. There was a prevalence of overweight in 33.7% of the individuals and obesity in 16.0% of the individuals. There was a prevalence of altered WC in 51.8% demand of smoking in 23.2%. A sedentary life style at work and leisure activities was present in 67.6% and 64.8% of the individuals, respectively, with a higher proportion seen among the women. Alcohol consumption was observed in 33.3% of the sample. The prevalence of AH was 32.7%, higher among the men (35.8%) than among the women (30.9%). A positive correlation with AH was identified with BMI, WC and age range. A negative correlation was observed between AH and level of schooling, with 18.2% of hypertensive individuals with 9 or more years of schooling. CONCLUSION a high prevalence of AH, overweight and WC alteration was identified. The female sex represented a protective factor for the risk of AH. A positive correlation was found between AH and BMI, WC and age range; a negative correlation was identified between AH and level of schooling.

Aspectos higiênico-sanitários no processo produtivo dos alimentos em escolas públicas do Estado de Goiás, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to monitor the cleanness of public school canteens of Goias state, investigated during the study “Avaliacao e Monitoramento da Qualidade dos Alimentos Oferecidos na Merenda Escolar” (Assessment and Monitoring of School Food Quality), Goias, done from 2004 to 2007. METHODS: Starting in 2004, a three-stage survey was done in public schools of Goias. During the first phase, from 2004 to 2005, a checklist was used to assess the cleanness of schools canteens. In the second phase, from 2005 to 2007, interventions were done at the schools to train the relevant personnel. The third phase, done in 2010, consisted of monitoring the 18 school canteens that participated in the first phase using the same checklist to compare the sanitary quality of their meals in the two periods. The study was approved by the Universidade Federal de Goias Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The study schools complied only in part with the legislation, as the items personal hygiene, facility conditions, equipment and utensils, operational hygiene and processing were inadequate in 44.9% of the school food services investigated from 2004 to 2005 and in 37.1% of the ones investigated during the present study, jeopardizing the sanitary quality of the preparations. CONCLUSION: Comparison of the two phases of this investigation showed that only operational hygiene improved. These results reinforce the need of improving the pertinent school facilities and providing periodical training to those involved in food preparation to improve the sanitary quality of school foods.

Comparação de métodos de avaliação da gordura corporal total e sua distribuição

OBJECTIVE To compare two methods for evaluating total body fat and its distribution. METHODS Cross-sectional, cohort-nested study. Sixty-two women received a nutritional status evaluation which included total body fat (BF) obtained through the sum of skinfolds (ΣSF) and bioimpedance (BIA). Visceral fat distribution was measured using ultrasonography (USG) (intra-abdominal fat thickness) (IAT) and waist circumference (WC). The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and the determination coefficient (r²) were calculated. RESULTS Mean patient age was 48.19 (8.99) years. Thirty-six women (58.06%) had a very large WC and 42 (67.74%) had high body fat. There was moderate concordance (r² = 0.42; CCC = 0.59; p < 0.01) between the methods for determining body fat (%) and optimal concordance (r² = 0.90; CCC = 0.91; p < 0.01) for body fat (kg) determined by BIA and ΣSF. The comparison between WC and IAT (USG) showed moderate concordance (r² = 0.49; p < 0.01) between the methods. CONCLUSIONS Moderate concordance in determining total body fat (%) and optimal concordance in determining body fat (kg) were found between the methods. Moderate concordance was found between the methods for determining body fat distribution.

Overweight in Goiás'quilombola students and food insecurity in their families

Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of quilombola students and determine the food security status of their households. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with students aged six to nineteen years from quilombola communities in twelve municipalities of Goias categorized by age, gender, school location (urban/rural), and nutritional status based on the World Health Organizations height-for-age and body mass index for-age charts. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring food (in)security in their families. Descriptive and association analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In a sample of 226 students, overweight (17.2%) was more common than malnutrition (1.3%), especially in students attending urban schools (28.2%) (p<0.05). Most (75.2%) quilombola families experienced food insecurity, especially mild. Conclusion: The apparent contradiction of excess weight and food insecurity occurring simultaneously indicates the need of revising the study instruments and the causal network that identify poverty.