Esther Carlota Gallegos Cabriales

A PARENT–ADOLESCENT INTERVENTION TO INCREASE SEXUAL RISK COMMUNICATION: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

This article reports results of a randomized controlled trial designed to test an intervention to increase parent-adolescent sexual risk communication among Mexican parents. Data were analyzed from parents (n = 791) randomly assigned to an HIV risk reduction or health promotion intervention. Measures were administered at pretest, posttest, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) analysis indicates parents in the HIV risk reduction intervention reported significantly more general communication (p < .005), more sexual risk communication (p < .001) and more comfort with communication (p < .001) than parents in the control intervention. Behavioral, normative, and control beliefs significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on all communication outcomes. This study demonstrates the efficacy of an intervention to increase the quality and quantity of parent-adolescent communication related to general and sex-specific communication.

Mexican Adolescents' Alcohol Use, Family Intimacy, and Parent-Adolescent Communication

Despite widespread adolescent alcohol use, research on individual and contextual factors among Mexican adolescents is limited. This study describes the relationship between adolescent risk/protective factors, parent-adolescent communication, and their effects on alcohol use of 14- to 17-year-old adolescents living in Mexico (N = 829; 458 girls, 371 boys). In this study, adolescents reported that 55% ever used alcohol, 24% used alcohol in the past 30 days, and 10% reported binge drinking. Adolescents with high family intimacy were less likely to report ever using alcohol and binge drinking. Regression analysis revealed that parent-adolescent communication mediated the effect of family intimacy on overall and binge drinking. Alcohol use prevention with Mexican adolescents should focus on family intimacy and parent-adolescent communication.

Self-Care Behaviors and Health Indicators in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Estudo descritivo correlacional que teve como objetivo analisar as condutas de autocuidado e a sua relacao com indicadores de saude, representados pelo controle glicemico, perfil de lipidios, indice de massa corporea (IMC), circunferencia da cintura e porcentagem de gordura corporal, em amostra aleatoria de 98 adultos com diabetes tipo 2, de uma zona conturbada em Nuevo Leon, Mexico (agosto 2005/maio 2006). Os resultados mostraram indice de autocuidado baixo ( ; ou = 36,94, dp=15,14). Encontrou-se correlacao significativa entre o autocuidado e a hemoglobina glicolisada (HbA1c) (r s=0,379, p<0,001), triglicerideos (r s=0,208, p=0,040), IMC (r s=0,248, p=0,014) e gordura corporal (r s=0,221, p=0,029). A analise multivariada revelou influencia do autocuidado em HbA1c, IMC e gordura corporal com variâncias explicadas de 9 a 41% (p<0,05). Das dimensoes do autocuidado, a dieta foi o principal fator de predicao moderado pelo genero e a compreensao dos conceitos sobre o diabetes (p<0,05).

Genetic variants in KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A are associated with type 2 diabetes, BMI and dyslipidemia in families of Northeastern Mexico: A pilot study

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic markers considered risk factors for metabolic syndromes, including dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can be applied to a Northeastern Mexican population. A total of 37 families were analyzed for 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the age, body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance values and blood lipid levels, including those of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides were evaluated. Three genetic markers previously associated with metabolic syndromes were identified in the sample population, including KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A. The KCNJ11 SNP rs5210 was associated with T2DM, the TCF7L2 SNP rs11196175 was associated with BMI and cholesterol and LDL levels, the TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 was associated with BMI and HDL, VLDL and triglyceride levels, and the HNF4A SNP rs1885088 was associated with LDL levels (P<0.05).

Factors Contributing to Active Aging in Older Adults, from the Framework of Roy’s Adaptation Model

OBJECTIVES To determine the variables contributing to the explanation of active aging according to Roys adaptation model. METHODS Descriptive correlational study, with convenience and snowball sampling. Two hundred older adults with chronic disease, were included. The instruments used were: a) Yesavages Geriatric depression scale, b) Pheiffers mental state questionnaire, c) basic activities of daily living, d) instrumental activities of daily living, e) Hope scale, f) coping mechanism items from the Successful Aging Inventory (coping with aging), g) hours of volunteer work, and h) The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Coping with aging was composed of independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living, free from symptoms of depression, good mental state, and perception of health as good. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, and simple and multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Fifty one percent of the participants showed active aging (42% men, and 56% women). Of the proposed variables, the variables showing effect on the variables of active aging, in the generalized linear model, were years of suffering the disease (Λ=0.922; p=0.008), coping with aging (Λ=0.582; p=0.001), and perceived social support (Λ=0.885; p=0.001). These three variables explained 5% of basic activities of daily living, 41% of the instrumental activities, 12.5% of health perception, 26% of mental state, and 21% of depression. Hope, and volunteer work were not significant. When the variables of active aging were dichotomized, age showed negative effect on global active aging and coping with aging positive effect. CONCLUSIONS Although, proposed variables explained individually active aging, only coping with aging explained global active aging.

EVALUACIÓN DEL EFECTO A LARGO PLAZO DE INTERVENCIONES EDUCATIVAS PARA EL AUTOCUIDADO DE LA DIABETES

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia respecto a la evaluacion del efecto a largo plazo de intervenciones educativas para el autocuidado de la diabetes. Material y metodo: Busqueda de articulos cientificos introduciendo las palabras clave en las bases de datos EBSCO, PUBMED y buscador Google Academico. Se seleccionaron y revisaron articulos publicados desde enero 2001 hasta diciembre 2012. Resultados: Fueron seleccionadas y analizadas ocho intervenciones dirigidas a personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2) de entre 30 y 85 anos de edad, con mal control glucemico (HbA1c >7.4%) al inicio de la intervencion. En cuanto a los resultados clinicos y bioquimicos despues de la intervencion, el IMC y la HbA1c se redujeron significativamente a los 6 meses (p<0.001, 1 estudio), 12 meses (p<0.001, 3 estudios), 2 anos (p<0.001, 2 estudios), 3 anos (p<0.001, 1 estudio), 4 anos (p<0.001, 1 estudio) y 5 anos (p<0.001, 1 estudio). Se reporto un buen nivel de conocimientos sobre la diabetes a los dos, cuatro y cinco anos de seguimiento (p<0.001, 3 estudios). Se mantuvieron los cambios beneficos en el autocuidado a los 6 y 12 meses, dos, tres y cinco anos respectivamente (p<0.001, 5 estudios), y tambien se reportaron mejoras en la calidad de vida a los 6 y 12 meses, dos, tres y cinco anos (p<0.001, 7 estudios). Conclusion: La participacion en una intervencion DSME basada en el empoderamiento con apoyo permanente en el autocuidado, puede tener un efecto positivo y duradero en las conductas de autocuidado, la calidad de vida, salud metabolica y cardiovascular.