Bertha Cecilia Salazar-González

Impact of an exercise program on acylcarnitines in obesity: a prospective controlled study.

BackgroundAcylcarnitine (AC) transport dysfunction into the mitochondrial matrix is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The effect of an aerobic exercise (AE) program on this condition in obese subjects without DM is unclear.MethodsA prospective, randomized, longitudinal, interventional study in a University Research Center involved a 10-week AE program in 32 women without DM and a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27 kg/m2. (Cases n = 17; Controls n = 15). The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of a controlled AE program on beta-oxidation according to modifications in short, medium, and long-chain ACs. Secondary objectives were to define the behavior of amino acids, and the correlation between these modifications with metabolic and anthropometric markers.ResultsThe proportion of dropouts was 17% and 6% in controls and cases, respectively. In cases there was a significant reduction in total carnitine (30.40 [95% CI 28.2 to 35.6]) vs. (29.4 [CI 95% 25.1 to 31.7]) p = 0.0008 and long-chain AC C14 (0.06 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.08]) vs. (0.05 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.09]) p = 0.005 and in C18 (0.31 [95% CI 0.27 to 0.45]) vs. (0.28 [95% CI 0.22 to 0.32]) p = 0.03. Free fatty acid levels remained without change during the study in both groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, a controlled 10-week AE program improved beta-oxidation by reducing long-chain ACs. This finding highlights the importance that AE might have in avoiding or reverting lipotoxicity, and in consequence, improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta cell functional reserve.

Outcomes of Interventions for Alzheimer’s Family Caregivers in Mexico

The study examines which of three interventions of cognitive conduct, laughter, or a mixed intervention including both cognitive conduct and laughter components, is more effective for improvement of attitudes toward care and reduction of anxiety among female Mexican caregivers of family members with Alzheimer’s disease. A repeated measures quasi-experimental design with four groups, three experimental and a control group, was used. All intervention groups received cognitive conduct, laughter, or a mixed intervention weekly for 8 weeks. The control group received information about home accident prevention. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline, Week 4, end of the intervention (Week 8), and 4 weeks following the intervention completion. A repeated measures ANOVA was used for each outcome variable and the Tukey’s post hoc analysis to determine group differences. Results suggest that the cognitive conduct component significantly improved positive attitudes toward care and reduced anxiety both at the end of the intervention and at follow-up.

Los probables yo en relación a salud percibida por un grupo de ancianos de Monterrey, México

Objetivo: conocer la relacion entre los probables yo (esperanzas y temores) y las acciones expresadas por un grupo de ancianos del area metropolitana de Monterrey, Mexico y su salud percibida. Metodologia: diseno descriptivo; con 80 ancianos viviendo en la comunidad, edad promedio de 70.59 ± 6.82 anos. Se aplico el Examen Breve del Estado Mental como prueba filtro, el cuestionario de salud SF-12 y cinco preguntas semiestructuradas para conocer esperanzas y temores generales y acciones. Resultados: el 96.3% exteriorizo al menos una esperanza en salud, 81.4% al menos un temor en salud, el 56.4% indico realizar una accion para evitar que sus temores en salud se presenten. La salud se asocio con acciones para el logro de esperanzas (rs=.279, p< .05), y evitar temores en salud (rs=.242, p< .05). Conclusion: los probables yo no mostraron relacion con la salud percibida, en contraste las acciones en torno al logro de esperanzas y a evitar que los temores se hagan realidad mostraron relacion significativa con la salud percibida.

Factors associated with glycemic status and ability to adapt to changing demands in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus studies focus on metabolic indicators and different self-reported lifestyle or care behaviors. Self-reported instruments involve conscious process therefore responses might not reflect reality. Meanwhile implicit responses involve automatic, unconscious processes underlying social judgments and behavior. No studies have explored the combined influence of both metabolic indicators and implicit responses on lifestyle practices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The purpose was to investigate the explained variance of socio-demographic, metabolic, anthropometric, clinical, psychosocial, cognitive, and lifestyle variables on glycemic status and on the ability to adapt to changing demands in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in Monterrey, Mexico. Methods: Adults with (n = 30, mean age 46.90 years old, 33.33% male) and without (n = 32, mean age: 41.69 years old, 21.87% male) type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied. Glycemic status was assessed using Bio-Rad D-10 Hemoglobin A1c Program, which uses ion-exchange high-performance chromatography. Stroop 2 test was used to assess the ability to changing demands. Results: In participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, less years of education, negative self-actualization, and higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides explained more than 50% of the variance in glycemic status. In participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the variance (38.7%) was explained by total cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, high-density lipoprotein, and self-actualization scores; the latter in opposite direction. The ability to adapt to changing demands was explained by total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, insulin resistance, and triglycerides. In participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the contributing variables were metabolic syndrome and nutrition scores. Conclusion: Results showed significant effect on at least one of the following variables (socio-demographic, metabolic, or lifestyle subscale) on glycemic status in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ability to adapt to changing demands was explained by metabolic variables but only in participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Preference for unhealthy behaviors (implicit or automatic responses) outweighs healthy lifestyle practices in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Middle-Range Theory: Coping and Adaptation with Active Aging

Various disciplines focus on a multiplicity of aspects of aging: lifestyles, personal biological factors, psychological conditions, health conditions, physical environment, and social and economic factors. The aforementioned are all related to the determinants of active aging. The aim is to describe the development of a middle-range theory based on coping and adaptation with active aging. Concepts and relationships derived from Roy’s model of adaptation are included. The proposed concepts are hope, health habits, coping with aging, social relations, and active aging.

Relação entre competência, usabilidade, ambiente e risco de quedas em idosos

Objetivo: determinar a relacao entre competencia, usabilidade e ambiente com risco de quedas em idosos. Metodo: estudo descritivo correlacional, incluindo 123 homens e mulheres idosos de 70 anos para mais. Os dados foram coletados com os instrumentos Escala de Tinetti, Escala CESD-7, Avaliacao Cognitiva Montreal, Questionario de Usabilidade na Moradia e Housing Enabler; e um instrumento de coleta de dados para antecedentes sociodemograficos e de saude. Para a analise dos dados, foi utilizada estatistica descritiva e inferencial, em que foram ajustados modelos lineares multivariados e de regressao logistica. Resultados: 42,0% dos idosos apresentaram quedas, sendo maior a prevalencia nas mulheres e no grupo de 70-75 anos. Como risco de quedas, foram encontrados o ambiente fisico da moradia, caminhada e usabilidade. Encontrou-se relacao negativa entre usabilidade com sintomas depressivos, saude cognitiva, equilibrio, caminhada, ambiente social e fisico p<0,05; e forte correlacao positiva entre caminhada e equilibrio p<0,05. Conclusao: o estudo contribui para melhor compreensao formal do fenomeno das quedas ao encontrar relacao entre a usabilidade com o risco de quedas, e com outras variaveis que se relacionam com as quedas.Objective: to determine connections between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults. Method: correlational descriptive study, 123 elderly adults, both male and female, aged 70 years and older were included. Data was collected via the Tinetti Scale, CESD-7 Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Usability Questionnaire on Housing and Housing Enabler; and sociodemographic and health background certificate data. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, multivariate linear and logistic regression models were adjusted. Results: 42.0% of the elderly adults had presented with falls, with a higher prevalence in women, and in the group of 70-75 years. The physical environment of the house, gait, and usability were set as risk factors for falls. A negative relationship between usability and depressive symptoms, cognitive health, balance, gait, the social and physical environment was found, p <0.05; and a strong positive correlation between walking and balance, p <0.05. Conclusion: this study helps to better understand the phenomenon of falling, to find a connection between usability with the risk of falls, and other variables.Objetivo: determinar la relacion de la competencia, usabilidad y del entorno con el riesgo de caidas en el adulto mayor. Metodo: estudio descriptivo correlacional, se incluyeron 123 adultos mayores hombres y mujeres de 70 anos y mas. Los datos fueron recolectados con los instrumentos Escala de Tinetti, Escala CESD-7, Evaluacion Cognitiva Montreal, Cuestionario de Usabilidad en la Vivienda y Housing Enabler; y una cedula de datos para antecedentes sociodemograficos y de salud. Para el analisis de datos se utilizo una estadistica descriptiva e inferencial, en donde se ajustaron modelos lineales multivariados y de regresion logistica. Resultados: el 42,0% de los adultos mayores habia presentado caidas, con una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres y en el grupo de 70-75 anos. El entorno fisico de la vivienda, marcha y usabilidad se establecieron como riesgos de caida. Se encontro una relacion negativa entre la usabilidad y los sintomas depresivos, la salud cognitiva, el equilibrio, la marcha, el entorno social y fisico p<0,05; y una fuerte correlacion positiva entre la marcha y el equilibrio p<0,05. Conclusion: el estudio contribuye a comprender mejor el fenomeno de las caidas al encontrar relacion entre la usabilidad con el riesgo de caida, y con otras variables.Descriptores: Factores de Riesgo; Ambiente; Accidentes por Caidas; Adulto Mayor.1139

Relación entre competencia, usabilidad, entorno y riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor

Objetivo: determinar a relacao entre competencia, usabilidade e ambiente com risco de quedas em idosos. Metodo: estudo descritivo correlacional, incluindo 123 homens e mulheres idosos de 70 anos para mais. Os dados foram coletados com os instrumentos Escala de Tinetti, Escala CESD-7, Avaliacao Cognitiva Montreal, Questionario de Usabilidade na Moradia e Housing Enabler; e um instrumento de coleta de dados para antecedentes sociodemograficos e de saude. Para a analise dos dados, foi utilizada estatistica descritiva e inferencial, em que foram ajustados modelos lineares multivariados e de regressao logistica. Resultados: 42,0% dos idosos apresentaram quedas, sendo maior a prevalencia nas mulheres e no grupo de 70-75 anos. Como risco de quedas, foram encontrados o ambiente fisico da moradia, caminhada e usabilidade. Encontrou-se relacao negativa entre usabilidade com sintomas depressivos, saude cognitiva, equilibrio, caminhada, ambiente social e fisico p<0,05; e forte correlacao positiva entre caminhada e equilibrio p<0,05. Conclusao: o estudo contribui para melhor compreensao formal do fenomeno das quedas ao encontrar relacao entre a usabilidade com o risco de quedas, e com outras variaveis que se relacionam com as quedas.Objective: to determine connections between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults. Method: correlational descriptive study, 123 elderly adults, both male and female, aged 70 years and older were included. Data was collected via the Tinetti Scale, CESD-7 Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Usability Questionnaire on Housing and Housing Enabler; and sociodemographic and health background certificate data. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, multivariate linear and logistic regression models were adjusted. Results: 42.0% of the elderly adults had presented with falls, with a higher prevalence in women, and in the group of 70-75 years. The physical environment of the house, gait, and usability were set as risk factors for falls. A negative relationship between usability and depressive symptoms, cognitive health, balance, gait, the social and physical environment was found, p <0.05; and a strong positive correlation between walking and balance, p <0.05. Conclusion: this study helps to better understand the phenomenon of falling, to find a connection between usability with the risk of falls, and other variables.Objetivo: determinar la relacion de la competencia, usabilidad y del entorno con el riesgo de caidas en el adulto mayor. Metodo: estudio descriptivo correlacional, se incluyeron 123 adultos mayores hombres y mujeres de 70 anos y mas. Los datos fueron recolectados con los instrumentos Escala de Tinetti, Escala CESD-7, Evaluacion Cognitiva Montreal, Cuestionario de Usabilidad en la Vivienda y Housing Enabler; y una cedula de datos para antecedentes sociodemograficos y de salud. Para el analisis de datos se utilizo una estadistica descriptiva e inferencial, en donde se ajustaron modelos lineales multivariados y de regresion logistica. Resultados: el 42,0% de los adultos mayores habia presentado caidas, con una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres y en el grupo de 70-75 anos. El entorno fisico de la vivienda, marcha y usabilidad se establecieron como riesgos de caida. Se encontro una relacion negativa entre la usabilidad y los sintomas depresivos, la salud cognitiva, el equilibrio, la marcha, el entorno social y fisico p<0,05; y una fuerte correlacion positiva entre la marcha y el equilibrio p<0,05. Conclusion: el estudio contribuye a comprender mejor el fenomeno de las caidas al encontrar relacion entre la usabilidad con el riesgo de caida, y con otras variables.Descriptores: Factores de Riesgo; Ambiente; Accidentes por Caidas; Adulto Mayor.1139

Connection between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults

Objetivo: determinar a relacao entre competencia, usabilidade e ambiente com risco de quedas em idosos. Metodo: estudo descritivo correlacional, incluindo 123 homens e mulheres idosos de 70 anos para mais. Os dados foram coletados com os instrumentos Escala de Tinetti, Escala CESD-7, Avaliacao Cognitiva Montreal, Questionario de Usabilidade na Moradia e Housing Enabler; e um instrumento de coleta de dados para antecedentes sociodemograficos e de saude. Para a analise dos dados, foi utilizada estatistica descritiva e inferencial, em que foram ajustados modelos lineares multivariados e de regressao logistica. Resultados: 42,0% dos idosos apresentaram quedas, sendo maior a prevalencia nas mulheres e no grupo de 70-75 anos. Como risco de quedas, foram encontrados o ambiente fisico da moradia, caminhada e usabilidade. Encontrou-se relacao negativa entre usabilidade com sintomas depressivos, saude cognitiva, equilibrio, caminhada, ambiente social e fisico p<0,05; e forte correlacao positiva entre caminhada e equilibrio p<0,05. Conclusao: o estudo contribui para melhor compreensao formal do fenomeno das quedas ao encontrar relacao entre a usabilidade com o risco de quedas, e com outras variaveis que se relacionam com as quedas.Objective: to determine connections between competence, usability, environment and risk of falls in elderly adults. Method: correlational descriptive study, 123 elderly adults, both male and female, aged 70 years and older were included. Data was collected via the Tinetti Scale, CESD-7 Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Usability Questionnaire on Housing and Housing Enabler; and sociodemographic and health background certificate data. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used, multivariate linear and logistic regression models were adjusted. Results: 42.0% of the elderly adults had presented with falls, with a higher prevalence in women, and in the group of 70-75 years. The physical environment of the house, gait, and usability were set as risk factors for falls. A negative relationship between usability and depressive symptoms, cognitive health, balance, gait, the social and physical environment was found, p <0.05; and a strong positive correlation between walking and balance, p <0.05. Conclusion: this study helps to better understand the phenomenon of falling, to find a connection between usability with the risk of falls, and other variables.Objetivo: determinar la relacion de la competencia, usabilidad y del entorno con el riesgo de caidas en el adulto mayor. Metodo: estudio descriptivo correlacional, se incluyeron 123 adultos mayores hombres y mujeres de 70 anos y mas. Los datos fueron recolectados con los instrumentos Escala de Tinetti, Escala CESD-7, Evaluacion Cognitiva Montreal, Cuestionario de Usabilidad en la Vivienda y Housing Enabler; y una cedula de datos para antecedentes sociodemograficos y de salud. Para el analisis de datos se utilizo una estadistica descriptiva e inferencial, en donde se ajustaron modelos lineales multivariados y de regresion logistica. Resultados: el 42,0% de los adultos mayores habia presentado caidas, con una mayor prevalencia en las mujeres y en el grupo de 70-75 anos. El entorno fisico de la vivienda, marcha y usabilidad se establecieron como riesgos de caida. Se encontro una relacion negativa entre la usabilidad y los sintomas depresivos, la salud cognitiva, el equilibrio, la marcha, el entorno social y fisico p<0,05; y una fuerte correlacion positiva entre la marcha y el equilibrio p<0,05. Conclusion: el estudio contribuye a comprender mejor el fenomeno de las caidas al encontrar relacion entre la usabilidad con el riesgo de caida, y con otras variables.Descriptores: Factores de Riesgo; Ambiente; Accidentes por Caidas; Adulto Mayor.1139

FUNCIÓN EJECUTIVA, VELOCIDAD DE MARCHA Y TAREA DOBLE EN ADULTOS MAYORES MEXICANOS

Gait depends largely on cognitive function; specifically executive function allows the individual performance of a different task while walking, known as dua...

Demandas atencionales, capacidad de dirigir la atención y desempeño físico en ancianos

Objective. Characterize cognitive and physical performance in relation to attentional demands of elders attending day care centers from Monterrey, Mexico. Methodology: The design was descriptive, 103 participants were selected (Mean age = 70.38 years; SD = 8.45) dementia and alcoholism free verified through the Mini Mental State Examination (Spanish) and CAGE. The Attentional Demands Survey, three cognitive tests and two of physical performance were applied. Results: More age was related to more environmental and informational demands and worse cognitive and physical performance. Women perceived more attentional demandas than men and elders who perceived more attentional demands showed worse cognitive function and physical performance. Conclusions: Perception of attentional demands is negatively related to cognitive and physical performance.