Eugenia Gil García

La perspectiva de las cuidadoras informales sobre la atención domiciliaria: Un estudio cualitativo con ayuda de un programa informático

Fundamento. Existe en nuestro pais un vivo debate sobre los modelos de atencion domiciliaria que se deben desarrollar. Este estudio pretende conocer como perciben la calidad de la atencion domiciliaria los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cancer en fase terminal, ancianos con demencia y personas intervenidas en programadas de cirugia mayor ambulatoria. Metodos: Estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenologico basado en grupos de discusion (9), grupos triangulares (5) y entrevistas en profundidad (22). El estudio se realizo en Andalucia, durante los anos 1999 y 2000. Los sujetos del estudio son los cuidadores principales de los pacientes que reciben atencion domiciliaria desde los centros de salud. La informacion se ha analizado mediante analisis de contenido apoyado por el software NUDIST- 4. Las variables de analisis han sido las del modelo SERVQUAL. Resultados. Para las cuidadoras de pacientes con cancer las dimensiones mas importantes de la calidad de la atencion domiciliaria son la Capacidad de Respuesta y la Accesibilidad. Elementos negativos que perjudican la accesibilidad son: la falta de cobertura de atencion domiciliaria fuera del horario normal, la dificultad de contactar por telefono, la tardanza en acudir y las visitas solo a demanda. Las cuidadoras de pacientes intervenidos en cirugia mayor ambulatoria quieren Seguridad y la Fiabilidad. Las cuidadoras de ancianos con demencia consideran prioritario que se les proporcionen los materiales que necesitan para cuidar al enfermo. Conclusiones: Las expectativas de cuidadores y pacientes varian en funcion del problema de salud. Por lo tanto, las caracteristicas de la atencion domiciliaria tendran que variar tambien en funcion de ello. Se hace necesario un modelo flexible que sea capaz de adaptarse a las necesidades de los diferentes tipos de pacientes y las circunstancias tambien distintas de sus cuidadores familiares.

Adolescentes, situaciones de riesgo y seguridad vial

OBJECTIVEnDescribe the risk behaviour relationships with road safety in adolescents.nnnDESIGNnCross-sectional descriptive study.nnnSETTINGnMadrid and Andalusia Regions, representative samples.nnnPARTICIPANTSnThe sample included 3,612 in secondary school pupils from Madrid (n=1708) and Andalusia (n=1904). The survey was carried out during May and June 2007.nnnMAIN MEASUREMENTSnThe data collected included sociodemographic areas (age, sex, grade, fathers profession, birth place, etc.) and risk situation and behaviour (risk behaviour as driver or passenger).nnnRESULTSn16.2% of the adolescents have been involved in a dangerous situation with motorcycles during the last year. 16.7% never use a helmet when riding a motorcycle and 62% do not wear one when riding a bicycle on the road; 17.4% frequently ride a motorcycle over the speed limit and 24.5% when driving a car. There are significant differences regarding sex, grade and region (Madrid or Andalusia). There are four factors which explain 62% of the variance: drug factor, speed factor, security factor and passenger factor. Two of these have twice the probability of having a dangerous situation when riding a motorcycle: drug factor (OR=1.96; 95% CI, 1.77-2.18) and the speed factor ((OR=2.13; 95% CI, 1.92-2.36).nnnCONCLUSIONSnAdolescents in higher grades and living in Andalusia were less road safety conscious. This pattern should be taken into account when designing preventive actions in Road Safety Education.

Creencias y actitudes del alumnado de Enfermería sobre la violencia de género

Departamento de Psicologia Evolutiva y del Desarrollo, Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla, Espana Correspondencia: Juana Macias Seda. Facultad de Enfermeria, Fisioterapia y Podologia, Departamento de Enfermeria, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Espana Manuscrito recibido el 28.01.2011 Manuscrito aceptado el 12.04.2011 Index de Enfermeria [Index Enferm] 2012; 21(1-2): 9-13 Como citar este documento Macias Seda, Juana; Gil Garcia, Eugenia; Rodriguez Gazquez, Ma de los Angeles; Gonzalez Lopez, Jose Rafael; Gonzalez Rodriguez, Ma del Mar; Soler Castells, Ana Ma. Creencias y actitudes del alumnado de Enfermeria sobre la violencia de genero. Index de Enfermeria [Index Enferm] (edicion digital) 2012; 21(1-2). Disponible en Consultado el 17 de Septiembre de 2012 Resumen Objetivo: Identificar creencias y actitudes hacia la violencia de genero (VG) en el alumnado de Enfermeria de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Sevilla. Metodologia: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participan 265 alumnos de Enfermeria de la Universidad de Sevilla. Como instrumento se utiliza una encuesta anonima autoadministrada para evaluar la autopercepcion, socializacion, formacion academica en genero y capacitacion para abordar la VG a la que se incorpora la Escala de Creencias y Actitudes hacia el Genero y la Violencia (C.A.G.V.) de Diaz-Aguado. Resultados: Los chicos tienen mas creencias sexistas y las chicas valoran mejor el acceso de la mujer a puestos de poder y responsabilidad. En el alumnado del primer curso es mas frecuente considerar que la V.G.es consecuencia de la fatalidad biologica, el alumnado de cursos superiores consideran la V.G. un asunto privado. Conclusion: Los hombres estan mas influidos por las creencias sexistas y adoptan postura mas fatalista a la hora de justificar la violencia. Palabras clave : Violencia contra la mujer/ Estudiantes de Enfermeria/ Identidad de genero/ Cuestionario. Abstract (Beliefs and attitudes toward Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in nursing students) Objective: To identify beliefs and attitudes toward Gender-based violence (GBV) in nursing students. Methodology: a descriptive study involving 265 nursing students at the University of Seville. A self-administered anonymous survey was used to assess: a) perception, socialization, gender-based academic training and preparedness to address the GBV, b) the scale of beliefs and attitudes towards Gender-based violence (C.A.G.V.) by Diaz-Aguado applied. Results: The boys have more sexist beliefs and about the biological fate of the GBV, whereas girls value the better the access of women to positions of power and responsibility. The first course was associated with beliefs about biological fate of the GBV, whereas in higher grades GBV is considered a private matter problem. Conclusion: Men are more influenced by sexist attitudes and adopt a more fatalistic approach when justifying the violence. Key-words : Violence against women/ Nursing students/ Gender identity/ Questionnaires. Introduccion La Organizacion Mundial de la Salud considera la Violencia de Genero (VG) como una de las principales causas de

Adolescents, risk situations and road safety

OBJECTIVEnDescribe the risk behaviour relationships with road safety in adolescents.nnnDESIGNnCross-sectional descriptive study.nnnSETTINGnMadrid and Andalusia Regions, representative samples.nnnPARTICIPANTSnThe sample included 3,612 in secondary school pupils from Madrid (n=1708) and Andalusia (n=1904). The survey was carried out during May and June 2007.nnnMAIN MEASUREMENTSnThe data collected included sociodemographic areas (age, sex, grade, fathers profession, birth place, etc.) and risk situation and behaviour (risk behaviour as driver or passenger).nnnRESULTSn16.2% of the adolescents have been involved in a dangerous situation with motorcycles during the last year. 16.7% never use a helmet when riding a motorcycle and 62% do not wear one when riding a bicycle on the road; 17.4% frequently ride a motorcycle over the speed limit and 24.5% when driving a car. There are significant differences regarding sex, grade and region (Madrid or Andalusia). There are four factors which explain 62% of the variance: drug factor, speed factor, security factor and passenger factor. Two of these have twice the probability of having a dangerous situation when riding a motorcycle: drug factor (OR=1.96; 95% CI, 1.77-2.18) and the speed factor ((OR=2.13; 95% CI, 1.92-2.36).nnnCONCLUSIONSnAdolescents in higher grades and living in Andalusia were less road safety conscious. This pattern should be taken into account when designing preventive actions in Road Safety Education.

Influenza A from the rational choice theory: proposals for decision making in prevention policies.

This article is a reflection on the social uncertainty caused by Influenza A and on the consequences that it can have on decision making in health promotion policies. We use concepts and metaphors of the Rational Choice Theory, among them, the in gratitude effect or the distrust effect, as we analyse how these can become obstacles for the efficiency of prevention policies. Then, we focus on the information asymmetry of the principal-agent relationship, and we propose measures to diminish the moral risk that they cause. We finish by advancing some proposals for designing lines and strategies of action in health promotion policies.This article is a reflection on the social uncertainty caused by Influenza A and on the consequences that it can have on decision making in health promotion policies. We use concepts and metaphors of the Rational Choice Theory, among them, the ingratitude effect or the distrust effect, as we analyse how these can become obstacles for the efficiency of prevention policies. Then, we focus on the information asymmetry of the principal-agent relationship, and we propose measures to diminish the moral risk that they cause. We finish by advancing some proposals for designing lines and strategies of action in health promotion policies.

The gender perspective in the opinions and discourse of women about caregiving

OBJECTIVEnTo investigate the meanings given by women caregivers to their care practices and to analyze the relationship between such practices and their work history.nnnMETHODnThis was a phenomenological qualitative cohort study conducted in Seville, Spain, with family caregivers. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and submitted to content analysis, using Atlas-ti GmbH software version 5.0®. The following categories emerged: caregiving history and work history, and the meaning of care in their lives.nnnRESULTSnTwenty caregivers participated in the study. Women caregivers told stories of wide-ranging care, including several individuals in their family at different moments. They performed different forms of care, encompassing physical and social dimensions. Their discourse expressed the contradiction between their caregiving role and entering and/or maintaining their place in the labor market.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe women expressed a concept of comprehensive care that includes responsibility, availability, and companionship, as well as emotional states, which greatly impact health. They tailored their participation in the labor market according to their familys care needs. Thus, the gender perspective must be incorporated by health care providers who work with the health of caregivers.

Participação em debate: uma avaliação qualitativa do plano Andaluz de HIV/AIDS

This paper aims to analyze the perspectives and meanings of social participation for the participants in a health program. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on the Andalusian Program against HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted infections. The participants were selected through a theoretic sample: 20 HIV carriers, 19 representatives and volunteers from anti HIV associations and six administrative representatives. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangle groups; content analysis was performed. Participation has different meanings to the participant groups. HIV carriers consider it should be accomplished by communication mechanisms, support and prevention; association members consider it a right and a tool to change health policies, while two conceptions coexist among administrative representatives. The encouragement of participatory designs is proposed that respect the theoretical diversity and favor interaction based on distinct attitudes.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las perspectivas y significados que tienen de la participacion social los principales actores involucrados en un programa de salud. Se realizo una evaluacion cualitativa del Programa Andaluz frente al VIH/Sida y otras infecciones de trasmision sexual. Mediante muestreo teorico se seleccionaron los participantes: 20 portadores de VIH, 19 representantes y voluntarios de asociaciones antisida y seis representantes de la administracion. La informacion se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos triangulares; haciendose analisis de contenido. La participacion tiene significados diferentes para los grupos participantes. Los portadores de VIH consideran que debe concretarse en mecanismos de comunicacion, ayuda y prevencion; los integrantes de asociaciones la entienden como un derecho y una herramienta para cambiar las politicas sanitarias, mientras que en los representantes de la administracion coexisten dos concepciones. Se propone impulsar disenos participativos que respeten la diversidad teorica y favorezcan la interaccion desde distintas posturas.

La participación a debate: una evaluación cualitativa del plan Andaluz frente al VIH/SIDA

This paper aims to analyze the perspectives and meanings of social participation for the participants in a health program. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on the Andalusian Program against HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted infections. The participants were selected through a theoretic sample: 20 HIV carriers, 19 representatives and volunteers from anti HIV associations and six administrative representatives. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangle groups; content analysis was performed. Participation has different meanings to the participant groups. HIV carriers consider it should be accomplished by communication mechanisms, support and prevention; association members consider it a right and a tool to change health policies, while two conceptions coexist among administrative representatives. The encouragement of participatory designs is proposed that respect the theoretical diversity and favor interaction based on distinct attitudes.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las perspectivas y significados que tienen de la participacion social los principales actores involucrados en un programa de salud. Se realizo una evaluacion cualitativa del Programa Andaluz frente al VIH/Sida y otras infecciones de trasmision sexual. Mediante muestreo teorico se seleccionaron los participantes: 20 portadores de VIH, 19 representantes y voluntarios de asociaciones antisida y seis representantes de la administracion. La informacion se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos triangulares; haciendose analisis de contenido. La participacion tiene significados diferentes para los grupos participantes. Los portadores de VIH consideran que debe concretarse en mecanismos de comunicacion, ayuda y prevencion; los integrantes de asociaciones la entienden como un derecho y una herramienta para cambiar las politicas sanitarias, mientras que en los representantes de la administracion coexisten dos concepciones. Se propone impulsar disenos participativos que respeten la diversidad teorica y favorezcan la interaccion desde distintas posturas.

Participation in debate: a qualitative assessment of the andalusian plan for HIV/AIDS

This paper aims to analyze the perspectives and meanings of social participation for the participants in a health program. A qualitative evaluation was conducted on the Andalusian Program against HIV/Aids and other sexually transmitted infections. The participants were selected through a theoretic sample: 20 HIV carriers, 19 representatives and volunteers from anti HIV associations and six administrative representatives. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangle groups; content analysis was performed. Participation has different meanings to the participant groups. HIV carriers consider it should be accomplished by communication mechanisms, support and prevention; association members consider it a right and a tool to change health policies, while two conceptions coexist among administrative representatives. The encouragement of participatory designs is proposed that respect the theoretical diversity and favor interaction based on distinct attitudes.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las perspectivas y significados que tienen de la participacion social los principales actores involucrados en un programa de salud. Se realizo una evaluacion cualitativa del Programa Andaluz frente al VIH/Sida y otras infecciones de trasmision sexual. Mediante muestreo teorico se seleccionaron los participantes: 20 portadores de VIH, 19 representantes y voluntarios de asociaciones antisida y seis representantes de la administracion. La informacion se obtuvo mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos triangulares; haciendose analisis de contenido. La participacion tiene significados diferentes para los grupos participantes. Los portadores de VIH consideran que debe concretarse en mecanismos de comunicacion, ayuda y prevencion; los integrantes de asociaciones la entienden como un derecho y una herramienta para cambiar las politicas sanitarias, mientras que en los representantes de la administracion coexisten dos concepciones. Se propone impulsar disenos participativos que respeten la diversidad teorica y favorezcan la interaccion desde distintas posturas.

La gripe A desde la teoría de la elección racional: propuestas para la toma de decisiones de políticas preventivas

This article is a reflection on the social uncertainty caused by Influenza A and on the consequences that it can have on decision making in health promotion policies. We use concepts and metaphors of the Rational Choice Theory, among them, the in gratitude effect or the distrust effect, as we analyse how these can become obstacles for the efficiency of prevention policies. Then, we focus on the information asymmetry of the principal-agent relationship, and we propose measures to diminish the moral risk that they cause. We finish by advancing some proposals for designing lines and strategies of action in health promotion policies.This article is a reflection on the social uncertainty caused by Influenza A and on the consequences that it can have on decision making in health promotion policies. We use concepts and metaphors of the Rational Choice Theory, among them, the ingratitude effect or the distrust effect, as we analyse how these can become obstacles for the efficiency of prevention policies. Then, we focus on the information asymmetry of the principal-agent relationship, and we propose measures to diminish the moral risk that they cause. We finish by advancing some proposals for designing lines and strategies of action in health promotion policies.