Rosa María Casado Mejía

Estrategias de provisión de cuidados familiares: a personas mayores dependientes

Objetivo: Explorar, identificar y caracterizar las distintas estrategias de provisión de cuidados a mayores dependientes que desarrollan las personas cuidadoras familiares. Metodología: Cualitativa. Unidad de observación: familias sevillanas con mayores dependientes. Unidades de análisis: cuidado, salud, género. Obtención de información: revisión bibliográfica literaria/bases de datos, entrevistas en profundidad, grupo de discusión. Análisis: Semántico y pragmático. Resultados: No existen trabajos indexados. Cuidar sigue siendo femenino, tiene repercusiones negativas en la salud de las personas cuidadoras. Las medidas institucionales son mejores pero insuficientes, no siempre fomentan la autonomía de las cuidadoras. Las familias desarrollan otras formas de cuidar: los hombres se están incorporando, y se contratan. La organización de los cuidados depende del proyecto de vida de la persona cuidadora; nivel económico y mandato de género. Conclusiones: Hay distintas estrategias de provisión de cuidados familiares: Asunción total de cuidados/Gestión en convivencia/Gestión en domicilios separados. Unas protegen más que otras la salud. Palabras clave : Cuidados familiares/ Dependencia/ Género y salud. Abstract (Strategies of providing care for dependent older family)

Representatividad de las mujeres en las sociedades científicas españolas del ámbito de la salud en 2014

OBJECTIVE To describe the presence of women in the governance of health-related scientific societies in Spain today. METHODS Spanish scientific societies were identified by vising the websites of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, and Fisterra. The sex of the president, executive officers and the board of directors was identified. Data were analyzed according to the overall percentage of women and by profession and setting. RESULTS Of 173 scientific societies in July 2014, 41 had a female president (22.53%). Women held 35.45% of executive positions and accounted for 36.32% of the boards of directors. Only 16.07% of medical societies had a female president compared with 76.92% of nursing societies. Primary care societies had more women in executive positions (54.55%) than societies in which the professional activity of members involved both primary and secondary care (35.74%) and societies related to hospital care (27.93%). CONCLUSION There is a lack of parity, which is greater in nursing and primary care societies than in medical and hospital-related societies. Parity decreases as the level of responsibility rises.

Factors influencing family care by immigrant women in Spain: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVES To identify and understand factors that influence the relationships in the environment of family care provided by live-in immigrant caregivers. METHODS Interpretive qualitative study from a phenomenological perspective, using in-depth interviews, discussion groups and participant observation. The observation unit was the Sevillian families (Spain) with elderly dependents and a live-in female immigrant caregiver. Analysis units considered were health, care, dependence, gender, ethnicity and social class. Categories were analysed using QSR-NUD*ISTVivo9. After saturation, we triangulated between researchers, disciplines, sources and techniques to validate the results. RESULTS Factors of cultural discovery or clash were: language, religion, food, concept of space and time, caregivers name and the attitudes held by both the hiring family, related to its social class, and by caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal relationships are the most important factor: an egalitarian relationship based on good treatment is beneficial to all involved. Knowing these codes will improve the quality of professional care in the family.

Representatividad de las mujeres en las sociedades científicas del ámbito de la salud en España en 2014

OBJECTIVE To describe the presence of women in the governance of health-related scientific societies in Spain today. METHODS Spanish scientific societies were identified by vising the websites of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, and Fisterra. The sex of the president, executive officers and the board of directors was identified. Data were analyzed according to the overall percentage of women and by profession and setting. RESULTS Of 173 scientific societies in July 2014, 41 had a female president (22.53%). Women held 35.45% of executive positions and accounted for 36.32% of the boards of directors. Only 16.07% of medical societies had a female president compared with 76.92% of nursing societies. Primary care societies had more women in executive positions (54.55%) than societies in which the professional activity of members involved both primary and secondary care (35.74%) and societies related to hospital care (27.93%). CONCLUSION There is a lack of parity, which is greater in nursing and primary care societies than in medical and hospital-related societies. Parity decreases as the level of responsibility rises.

Características de la producción científica sobre cuidados familiares prestados por mujeres inmigrantes

Objetivo Cuantificar y caracterizar la produccion cientifica sobre los cuidados familiares prestados por las mujeres inmigrantes. Metodos Busqueda, en abril de 2008, sin limite de fechas, en las principales bases de datos nacionales e internacionales: Web of Science, Current Contents Connect, ISI Proceedings, MedLine, CINAHL, PsycInfo, EMBASE, IME, ISOC y CUIDEN. Se revisaron los resumenes y se excluyeron los que no se refirieran al objeto de estudio o no estuvieran en ingles, frances o espanol. De los incluidos se reviso la bibliografia para detectar otros. Se identificaron y analizaron diversas variables: tipo de articulo, tema principal, pais del autor principal y ano de publicacion. Se realizo un analisis de contenido, utilizando como categorias los temas tratados. Resultados Se hallaron 191 trabajos y se excluyeron 178. Los 13 analizados tratan sobre diferencias entre cuidado formal e informal (2), factores determinantes (4), necesidad epistemologica (3), beneficios de este tipo de cuidados (5), necesidad de educacion para la salud/formacion (4), necesidad de apoyo institucional/politico (2), inmigracion y salud (6), y relacion cuidadoras/cuidadas (4). Hay cinco revisiones literarias, seis estudios descriptivos, una investigacion cualitativa y una experiencia. Dos fueron publicados antes de 2002, ocho entre 2003 y 2005, y tres entre 2006 y 2008. La mayoria son espanoles (9/13). Conclusiones La escasez de trabajos confirma que la contratacion de personas inmigrantes para el cuidado es una realidad nueva e invisible. La mayoria destaca sus beneficios. No hay patron dominante de temas. Existe una gran diversidad metodologica y los escasos estudios analiticos podrian indicar que es una investigacion incipiente. Seria necesario potenciar estudios sobre estos cuidados.OBJECTIVE To quantify and characterize the scientific production on the family care provided by immigrant women. METHODS A literature search was performed in April 2008 with no date limits in the main national and international databases: Web of Science, Current Contents Connect, ISI Proceedings, MedLine, CINAHL, PsycoInfo, EMBASE, IME, ISOC and CUIDEN. Summaries were reviewed by excluding those that did not relate to the subject of this study and those that were not in English, French or Spanish. The references of all included articles were also reviewed to detect other relevant publications. Several variables were identified and analyzed: type of article, main topic, country of the first author, and year of publication. A content analysis was performed, using the topics as categories. RESULTS A total of 191 articles were retrieved and 178 were excluded. The 13 included articles analyzed differences in formal and informal care (2), determinant factors (4), epistemological needs (3), the benefits of this kind of care (5), the need for health education/training (4), the need for political/institutional support (2), immigration and health (6), and the carer/cared for relationship (4). There were five non-systematic reviews, six descriptive studies, one qualitative study and one experience. Two articles were published before 2002, eight between 2003-2005, and three between 2006-2008. Most of the studies were performed in Spain (9/13). CONCLUSIONS The scarcity of articles confirms that recruitment of immigrants as caregivers is a new and invisible reality. Most of these studies highlight the benefits of this type of care. There is no dominant pattern of topics and the methodology varies widely. The few analytical studies may indicate that this topic is only beginning to be researched. Investigation into this form of care should be stimulated.