Eunice Oliveira Calvete

Influência do pH da solução extrativa no teor de antocianinas em frutos de morango

Recently, the study on the chemical composition of the strawberry fruit has been recognized in view of its increased consumption and biological activities. Moreover, the main secondary metabolites found in strawberry fruits are anthocyanins, which are the compounds responsible for the intense red color of the fruit and are widely used as natural colorants by the food industry. In this work, were prepared different extracts with strawberry fruits of the cultivar Oso Grande in order to verify the pH influence on the spectroscopic profile of the strawberry extracts and on the content of anthocyanins. The results indicate that at pH 1,0 the extract showed a classic profile to anthocyanins through ultraviolet spectra analysis and a higher content of anthocyanins in fresh fruits.

Produção de cultivares de morangueiro polinizadas pela abelha jataí em ambiente protegido

A cultura do morangueiro, tradicionalmente produzida a campo, teve seu sistema de cultivo modificado, sendo hoje produzido tambem em ambientes protegidos. Essa tecnologia pode, porem, ocasionar a producao de frutos deformados, devido a polinizacao entomofila insuficiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade dos frutos de morangueiro em ambiente protegido, utilizando a abelha jatai como agente polinizador. Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Oso Grande, Tudla, Chandler e Dover), na ausencia e presenca de duas e quatro colmeias da Tetragonisca angustula (abelha sem ferrao Jatai). Os tratamentos constituiram um fatorial 4 x 3, dispostos em um delineamento completamente casualizado, com sete repeticoes e 6 plantas uteis por parcela. Os rendimentos obtidos nas cvs. Oso Grande, Tudla e Chandler demonstram que a presenca da abelha jatai na polinizacao em ambiente protegido contribui para o aumento da produtividade. A cv. Dover e a que se mostrou menos dependente de agentes polinizadores. A presenca de abelhas eleva a porcentagem de frutos comerciaveis. A recomendacao e da utilizacao de quatro colmeias de Tetragonisca angustula para cada 170 m2 de area protegida.

Análises anatômicas e da biomassa em plantas de morangueiro cultivadas in vitro e ex vitro

This work was carried out at the laboratory and greenhouse of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (Brazil), to evaluate the strawberry leaves morphology of cv. Vila Nova during rooting in vitro (growing on 15; 30, 45, and 60 g L-1 of sucrose), and to evaluate the strawberry leaves morphology during the acclimatization ex vitro and in vivo. A better in vitro plants development was found by using 30 and 45 g L-1 of sucrose, while no differences were found for the leaf morphology in different sucrose concentrations. Leaves from plants grown in vitro showed mesophyl tissues differentiation when compared to the in vivo plants. The latter showed a decrease of the palisade and spongy tissues, as well as, a decrease of the epicuticular wax layer. After eight weeks of acclimatization ex vitro, the leaves showed a similar morphology to the in vitro plant leaves, however, some characteristics of in vivo plants were still present.

Crescimento de mudas de gipsofila em diferentes substratos

Floriculture is one of the branches in horticulture that has expanded in the last years because of its profitability. The study and the use of substrates for producing young plants are important, once the gypsophila production depends on young plants quality. Considering that the quality of a substrate is the result of its chemical and physical properties, the characterisation of these properties was made. This trial was carried out to evaluate the growth of Gypsophila paniculala cv. Bristol Fairy plants in different substrates. The experimental design was a randomised complete blocking split-plot scheme with six treatments (substrates) and four replicates. Each plot consisted of 22 plants, totalizing 588 young plants. The following physical chemical analyses were performed: dry density, total porosity, aeration space, available water, water easily available, pH, electric conductivity and cations capacity change. Plant development was evaluated on a weekly basis and the following parameters were measured: survival rate, root volume, fresh and dry matter of aerial part and root. Substrates with higher levels of water easily available optimised the Gypsophila paniculata acclimatization. The best results for young plants production were obtained with the substrates FE1(perlite + peat) and FE4 (pine of husks + perlite + peat).

Floração, frutificação e maturação de frutos de morangueiro cultivados em ambiente protegido

The duration time of phenological stages, blooming, fruit set, and maturation periods of strawberry cultivars Oso Grande, Tudla, Chandler, and Dover were evaluated. The study was carried out in a 510 m2 plastic greenhouse, in Passo Fundo- RS, Brazil, in 2003 and 2004. A completely randomized experimental design with five replicates was used in a factorial scheme (cultivars x phenological stages). In the first step of the experiment, both the dates and the duration time of phenological stages were evaluated. In the second step, the number of the days up to the blooming (50% of the area), the fruit formation (10% of the fruit higher than 2.5 cm long), and the date of beginning and end of harvesting was evaluated. The scale used for the phenological stages were : 1= beginning of the flower-bud stage; 2= beginning of petals ; 3= blooming; 4= drying and falling of petals; 5= fruit formation; 6= fruit elongation; 7= fruit receptacle with visible seeds; 8= beginning of maturation, with most of fruits having white colour; 9= mature fruits with 75 to 100% of the surface with red colour. The duration of the nine phenological stages ranged from 36.4 days for cv. Tudla to 40 days for cv. Oso Grande. Stage 4 was the longest stage (11.3 days). In all four cultivars, For cv. Dover, stage 6 was longer as stage 4. Considering the duration time between blooming and fruit set, cv. Dover, was considesed the most precocious.

Capacidade de enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas e de cultivares de pessegueiro tratadas com AIB

Considering the necessity of search more efficacious technique in the peach plant propagation, this work was realized with the objective to determine six peach tree cultivars of the semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings rooting potential (BR 3, Chula, Coral, Eldorado, Marli and Sinuelo), treated with IBA at rates of 1500 and 3000 mg.L-1 (immersed 5 seconds), compared with a control (without IBA). Were used cuttings with 20 cm length, collected in December 2000 (semi-hardwood with 4 leaves) and in April 2001 (hardwood without leaf). The cuttings were done in plastic tubets, containing carbonized rice husk, during 90 days in a greenhouse with intermittent mist. The indol-butiric acid increased, for all cultivars and types of cuttings, the survival and the rooting percentage. The 1500 mg.L-1 was considered the appropriate concentration, providing rooting between 65.3 % to 97.2 % (live + dead cuttings) and 27.9 % to 88.9 % (live rooting cuttings). In this concentration, considering only live cuttings, the most rotting percentage was obtained in Chula, Sinuelo and Marli cultivars with semi-hardwood cutting and Chula and Eldorado cultivars with hardwood cuttings. The hardwood cuttings are more indicated for plant propagation.

Enraizamento e aclimatização de plantas micropropagadas de gipsofila

In the last decade, the cultivation of ornamental flowers for cutting increased as a result of the easiness of adding value to the final product. Among the most cultivated ornamental plant stands out the specie Gypsophila paniculata. The micropropagation technique has been used for young plant production on a commercial scale. The purpose of this experiment was to reduce or even eliminate the rooting phase in vitro. The influence of the indolbutyric acid (IBA), during six acclimatization periods, on rooting was evaluated. The treatments followed a factorial scheme with three dosis (0; 500 and 1000 mg.L-1 of IBA) x six periods (5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 days) in vitro rooting. These factors were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates and twelve shoots per plot. The survival, volume of roots, fresh and dry weight for aerial part and roots were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. To propagate Gypsophila paniculata, cv. Bristol Fairy, there is a need of in vitro rooting phase, and the ideal period is between 25-30 days for later transplantation. No effect of the growth regulator (IBA) was found.

Qualidade do sistema radicular de estacas semilenhosas e lenhosas de pessegueiro tratadas com AIB

O presente trabalho, realizado em Passo Fundo-RS, apresenta os resultados obtidos quanto a qualidade do sistema radicular formado em estacas semilenhosas e lenhosas de seis cultivares de pessegueiro (BR 3, Chula, Coral, Eldorado, Marli e Sinuelo), tratadas com solucoes de acido indolbutirico (AIB), nas doses de 1.500 e 3.000 mg.L-1 por 5 segundos, comparadas com uma testemunha sem AIB. Foram utilizadas estacas com 20 cm de comprimento, coletadas em dezembro (semilenhosas com 4 folhas) e abril (lenhosas sem folhas). A estaquia foi realizada em tubetes plasticos (100 cm3), contendo casca de arroz carbonizada, mantidas durante 90 dias em estufa dotada de nebulizacao intermitente. O uso do AIB aumentou, para todas as cultivares e tipos de estacas, a qualidade do sistema radicular formado. A dose de 1.500 mg.L-1 foi considerada suficiente. O sistema radicular formado em estacas semilenhosas e qualitativamente superior ao das lenhosas, considerando o numero, comprimento, volume e massa seca de raizes; no entanto, os dois tipos de estacas sao viaveis para a producao de mudas.

Telas de sombreamento na produção de morangueiro em ambiente protegido

Shading screens in the production of strawberry in greenhouse The production of two strawberry cultivars achieved under different shading screens (covers) in protected environment was evaluated. The experiment was set up in galvanized steel closed greenhouse with semicircular ceiling covered with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films 150 µm thickness, in the University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of a double factorial with two cultivars (Camarosa and Oso Grande) and four covers (control without screen and metalic, blue and red thermo-reflective screens with 40% shading) which were distributed in randomized blocks lining with three repetitions with 20 plants per plot in an useful area of 3m 2 . The total and commercial number of fruits and the total and commercial fresh mass of deformed fruits per plant were determined. Also, the air temperature and the photossintetically active radiation (PAR) were monitored, being verified in two typical days (sunny and cloudy day). Considering the averages obtained under the absence and presence of screens and the total of the crops the production of the cvs. Oso Grande and Camarosa were similar. Under the blue screen these cultivars showed the lowest fresh mass.

Polinização de morangueiro por Apis mellifera em ambiente protegido

Este trabalho objetivou comparar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos comerciaveis no morangueiro, em ambiente protegido, utilizando a especie de abelha Apis mellifera em relacao a ausencia de um agente polinizador. Foram instalados dois experimentos, utilizando-se das cultivares Camarosa, Oso Grande, Diamante e Aromas (tratamentos), no periodo de 05 de maio a 19 de dezembro de 2006. No primeiro experimento, nao havia polinizadores (testemunha). O segundo foi polinizado pela especie de abelha Apis mellifera. Os tratamentos (cultivares) foram dispostos, em cada experimento, em um delineamento completamente casualizado, com seis repeticoes. Foram avaliadas caracteristicas de rendimento, bem como analise fisico-quimica dos frutos de cada cultivar. Quanto ao rendimento, a maior producao obtida foi com a cultivar Camarosa tanto na ausencia quanto na presenca de polinizadores (907,46 g. planta-1 e 1.054,93 g. planta-1, respectivamente), ao passo que a cultivar Oso Grande apresentou menor numero de frutos deformados.