Hélio Carlos Rocha

Produção de cultivares de morangueiro polinizadas pela abelha jataí em ambiente protegido

A cultura do morangueiro, tradicionalmente produzida a campo, teve seu sistema de cultivo modificado, sendo hoje produzido tambem em ambientes protegidos. Essa tecnologia pode, porem, ocasionar a producao de frutos deformados, devido a polinizacao entomofila insuficiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade dos frutos de morangueiro em ambiente protegido, utilizando a abelha jatai como agente polinizador. Foram avaliadas quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Oso Grande, Tudla, Chandler e Dover), na ausencia e presenca de duas e quatro colmeias da Tetragonisca angustula (abelha sem ferrao Jatai). Os tratamentos constituiram um fatorial 4 x 3, dispostos em um delineamento completamente casualizado, com sete repeticoes e 6 plantas uteis por parcela. Os rendimentos obtidos nas cvs. Oso Grande, Tudla e Chandler demonstram que a presenca da abelha jatai na polinizacao em ambiente protegido contribui para o aumento da produtividade. A cv. Dover e a que se mostrou menos dependente de agentes polinizadores. A presenca de abelhas eleva a porcentagem de frutos comerciaveis. A recomendacao e da utilizacao de quatro colmeias de Tetragonisca angustula para cada 170 m2 de area protegida.

Floração, frutificação e maturação de frutos de morangueiro cultivados em ambiente protegido

The duration time of phenological stages, blooming, fruit set, and maturation periods of strawberry cultivars Oso Grande, Tudla, Chandler, and Dover were evaluated. The study was carried out in a 510 m2 plastic greenhouse, in Passo Fundo- RS, Brazil, in 2003 and 2004. A completely randomized experimental design with five replicates was used in a factorial scheme (cultivars x phenological stages). In the first step of the experiment, both the dates and the duration time of phenological stages were evaluated. In the second step, the number of the days up to the blooming (50% of the area), the fruit formation (10% of the fruit higher than 2.5 cm long), and the date of beginning and end of harvesting was evaluated. The scale used for the phenological stages were : 1= beginning of the flower-bud stage; 2= beginning of petals ; 3= blooming; 4= drying and falling of petals; 5= fruit formation; 6= fruit elongation; 7= fruit receptacle with visible seeds; 8= beginning of maturation, with most of fruits having white colour; 9= mature fruits with 75 to 100% of the surface with red colour. The duration of the nine phenological stages ranged from 36.4 days for cv. Tudla to 40 days for cv. Oso Grande. Stage 4 was the longest stage (11.3 days). In all four cultivars, For cv. Dover, stage 6 was longer as stage 4. Considering the duration time between blooming and fruit set, cv. Dover, was considesed the most precocious.

Bee Products Prevent Agrichemical-Induced Oxidative Damage in Fish

In southern South America and other parts of the world, aquaculture is an activity that complements agriculture. Small amounts of agrichemicals can reach aquaculture ponds, which results in numerous problems caused by oxidative stress in non-target organisms. Substances that can prevent or reverse agrichemical-induced oxidative damage may be used to combat these effects. This study includes four experiments. In each experiment, 96 mixed-sex, 6-month-old Rhamdia quelen (118±15 g) were distributed into eight experimental groups: a control group that was not exposed to contaminated water, three groups that were exposed to various concentrations of bee products, three groups that were exposed to various concentrations of bee products plus tebuconazole (TEB; Folicur 200 CE™) and a group that was exposed to 0.88 mg L−1 of TEB alone (corresponding to 16.6% of the 96-h LC50). We show that waterborne bee products, including royal jelly (RJ), honey (H), bee pollen (BP) and propolis (P), reversed the oxidative damage caused by exposure to TEB. These effects were likely caused by the high polyphenol contents of these bee-derived compounds. The most likely mechanism of action for the protective effects of bee products against tissue oxidation and the resultant damage is that the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are increased.

Venom production by Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera) and Africanized-European hybrids

This study used 15 beehives: five with Africanized queens sisters (Apis mellifera), five with Italian queens sisters (Apis mellifera ligustica), and five with Carniolan queens sisters (Apis mellifera carnica). The queens were fertilized naturally. This experiment was performed in the apiary of the Botucatu School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, UNESP, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The following data were obtained from the foraging bees: venom quantity in reservoir, 0.117±0.015, 0.139±0.020, and 0.147±0.024 (mg); venom quantity liberated in extraction apparatus, 0.073±0.012, 0.057±0.011 and 0.059±0.013 (mg); and sting electro stimulus threshold (volts), 10.75±1.37, 15.11±2.00, and 15.01±1.63 for Africanized, Italian x Africanized and Carniolan x Africanized, respectively. The Africanized honeybees possess less venom in reservoir than the European hybrids (Carniolan and Italian). However, they liberated a larger quantity of venom in the extraction apparatus and required lower electro stimulus threshold to promote stinging.

Antioxidant activity of bee products added to water in tebuconazole-exposed fish

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of honey, propolis, and bee pollen for the reversal of lipid peroxidation induced by tebuconazole (TEB) in South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen), in which the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, and non-protein thiols were assessed. Honey (0.125 g L-1) and bee pollen (0.05 g L-1) added to the water reverse the production of TBARS induced by TEB, while propolis demonstrated a pro-oxidant effect, inducing an increase in TBARS production. The data presented herein suggest that the addition of water to honey and bee pollen potentially protects against the oxidative stress caused by agrichemicals.

Polinização de morangueiro por Apis mellifera em ambiente protegido

Este trabalho objetivou comparar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos comerciaveis no morangueiro, em ambiente protegido, utilizando a especie de abelha Apis mellifera em relacao a ausencia de um agente polinizador. Foram instalados dois experimentos, utilizando-se das cultivares Camarosa, Oso Grande, Diamante e Aromas (tratamentos), no periodo de 05 de maio a 19 de dezembro de 2006. No primeiro experimento, nao havia polinizadores (testemunha). O segundo foi polinizado pela especie de abelha Apis mellifera. Os tratamentos (cultivares) foram dispostos, em cada experimento, em um delineamento completamente casualizado, com seis repeticoes. Foram avaliadas caracteristicas de rendimento, bem como analise fisico-quimica dos frutos de cada cultivar. Quanto ao rendimento, a maior producao obtida foi com a cultivar Camarosa tanto na ausencia quanto na presenca de polinizadores (907,46 g. planta-1 e 1.054,93 g. planta-1, respectivamente), ao passo que a cultivar Oso Grande apresentou menor numero de frutos deformados.

Perfil socioeconômico dos feirantes e consumidores da Feira do Produtor de Passo Fundo, RS

Though the Passo Fundo farmers market has been in existed for over 22 years, the social and economic status of farmers and consumers attended has not been documented yet. Consequently, this study sought to provide the first detailed socioeconomic profile of farmers and consumers that participate in the market. Questionnaires were administered to 58 farmers that hold permanent stalls at the market and another to 471 consumers. The questionnaires had queries regarding the socioeconomic aspects of farmers and consumers, and products offered/purchased at the market, such as, vegetables, fruits, grains, products of animal origin, and handicrafts. While most consumers ranged from 35 to 65 years of age, farmers tended to be between 40 and 55 years old. One-third of farmers had a familiar nucleus composed of up to three people and most had completed elementary school. Nearly 80% of farmers reported a monthly income of under 1,000 Brazilian Reais (R

Composições Bromatológica e Mineral do Pólen Coletado por Abelhas Africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo

), or roughly

Comparação de dois métodos de controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em borregas e ovelhas de corte

620 US. Typical consumers of the Passo Fundo Farmers market are of the middle to lower (B2, C and D) social classes. Roughly 60% of them declared monthly incomes between 500 and 2000 R

Coleta de pólen e produção de mel e própolis em colônias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.)

(