Evaldo Ferrari Júnior

Qualidade da silagem de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) emurchecido ou acrescido de farelo de mandioca

Silage evaluation of elephantgrass cv. Taiwan A146 was done at Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia - UNESP-Botucatu. Six treatments were used with four replications as follows: A - elephantgrass with eight hours of wilting under the sun; B - elephantgrass; C - elephantgrass (98%) plus cassava meal (2%); D - elephantgrass (96%) plus cassava meal (4%); E - elephantgrass (92%) plus cassava meal (8%); F - elephantgrass (88%) plus cassava meal (12%). The efficiency meal (12%) was greater than wilting in increasing total dry matter content. The addition of cassava led to a linear decrease in CP, OM, NDF and hemicellulose content, at the same time it increased the NFE, ASH and soluble carbohidrates contents of silages. The low levels of lactic acid showed that cassava meal was not very well processed by lactobacillus. No significant differences were observed among the acetic, propionic, butiric and lactic acid percentages of silages.

Composição química de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar em duas idades, para fins de nutrição animal

At the Instituto de Zootecnia, Nova Odessa (SP), Brazil, it was carried out an experiment to evaluate 24 cultivars and 36 sugarcane clones as raw material for animal feeding. The experimental design was set in randomized blocks with three replications. The sugarcanes were harvested at 12 and 18 months. Genotypes and age of harvest showed differences for %DM (dry matter); %CP (crude protein; %EE (ether extract); %ACH (ach); %TNC (total non-structural carbohydrates) , %NDF (neutral detergent fiber); %ADF (acid detergent fiber); %CEL (cellulose); %HCEL (hemicellulose) and %LIG (lignin), except for %EE, for harvest ages. Significant differences for %TNC, %NDF, %ADF, %CEL, %HCEL and %LIG) were observed for two ages of harvest.

Perdas fermentativas, composição química, estabilidade aeróbia e digestibilidade aparente de silagem de cana-de-açúcar com aditivos químico e microbiano

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence addition whitewash (CaO) and Lactobacillus buchneri in fermentation losses, nutritional value, aerobic stability and apparent digestibility of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) silages. A first experiment evaluated fermentation losses, pH and temperature values, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of sugarcane silages with or without bacterial inoculants (L. buchneri) or CaO. A second experiment evaluated intake and apparent digestibility of sugarcane silage with the same additives to sheep. The additives did not reduce silage losses, and silages with CaO presented greater effluent losses. The intake of silage with inoculant was lower than of silage with CaO and in natura sugarcane. Dry matter apparent digestibility of CaO silage was lower than that of in natura sugarcane and of silage with inoculant. Greater values were observed in ether extract for silage treated with CaO when compared to in natura sugarcane. Total digestible nutrients values of in natura sugarcane and of silage with inoculant or CaO were 61.2, 54.1, and 51.7%, respectively. Regardless of the additive, sugarcane ensilage results in nutrient loss and in reduced digestibility.

Parâmetros bromatológicos e fermentativos das silagens de milho e girassol

At the Instituto de Zootecnia, APTA, Sao Paulo StateBrazil, it was carried out an experiment to evaluated the chemical quality and ruminal degradation for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and protein (CP) of sunflower and corn silages. For chemical evaluation of the silages, a total randomized design with nine replicates was used. For in situ degradability was used a split-plot design with three replicates, in which the plots were the times of incubation and the subplot the silage. Sunflower silage showed higher concentration of crude protein (11.6 vs 9.4%), ether extract (10.1 vs 3.2%), acid detergent fiber (42.7 vs 31.9%) and lignin (9.4 vs 3.7%), and lower concentration of dry matter than corn silage (22.0 vs 34.6%), respectively; and also higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen (10.7 vs 5.8 %) and acetic acid (3.0 vs 0.79%) and lower concentration of lactic acid (3.7 vs 11.3%) than corn silage. The effective degradation rates of DM, NDF and CP were lower in the sunflower silage. Corn silage showed more favorable characteristics for ensiling process.

Seleção de 39 variedades de cana-de-açúcar para a alimentação animal

Foi desenvolvido no Instituto de Zootecnia, em Nova Odessa, SP, um experimento para avaliar 39 variedades de canas-de-acucar, com vistas a alimentacao animal. As canas foram avaliadas atraves de analise sob componentes principais e agrupamento. A analise de agrupamento foi efetuada pelo metodo UPGA (unweighted pair group method with arithimetic average), levando-se em conta, 4 caracteres, producao de materia seca, teor de carboidratos totais nao estruturais, teor de fibra insoluvel em detergente neutro e degradabilidade efetiva da materia seca. Levando-se em conta apenas a qualidade e degradabilidade foram selecionados os grupos 6, 7, 8, 9 e 10. Incluindo na avaliacao, a producao de materia seca, os grupos selecionados foram os de numero 6, 8 e 9.

Valor nutritivo de cana-de-açúcar tratada com hidróxido de sódio e acrescida de rolão-de-milho

Nutritive value of sugarcane treated with sodium hydroxide and added of ground corn ears Abstract†n†The objective of this work was to determine the nutritive value of sugarcane treated with 1,0% of sodium hydroxide plus 0, 40, 80 and 120†kg of ground corn ears/ton of chopped sugarcane. The experiment was carried out at Instituto de Zootecnia, in Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Intake and digestibility trials were conducted in 10, 10 and 5 day periods, corresponding respectively to adaptation, intake and feces collection of female sheep. Dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility increased linearly with the addition of ground corn ears. Total digestible nutrients was not altered with the addition of ground corn ears.

Desempenho de cordeiros alimentados com silagem de girassol ou de milho com proporções crescentes de ração concentrada

Two experiments were conduct to evaluate the effect of dietary nutritive value and performance of sheep fed corn- or sunflower silage-based diet with increasing concentrate proportion (20, 40 and 60%). A factorial design (2x3) was used to evaluate nutritive value and digestibility coefficient of two silages with three concentrate levels and three sheep for each treatment. For lamb performance, a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (2x3) was used to evaluate lamb performance, with five Suffolk lambs/treatment. Apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CF, NFE, NDF, ADF and cellulose were smaller for sunflower than for corn silage. Corn silage-based diets showed higher values of daily dry matter intake (709.5 x 609.7 g), daily live weight gains (181.8 x 108.2 g) and lower values of feed:gain ratio (3.82 x 5.53 kg DM/kg LW gain) than sunflower silage-based diets. Sunflower silage-based diets showed lower nutritive values than corn silage-based and smaller lamb performance. Lambs fed sunflower silage-based diets need more concentrate ration to obtain performance similar to those fed corn silage-based diets.

In situ degradability and selected ruminal constituents of sheep fed with peanut forage hay.

Because legumes are a very important feed source for ruminants, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ideal inclusion level of hay Arachis pintoi cv. Belmonte in sheep diets by measuring the dry matter intake (DMI), concentration of volatile fatty acids, ammonia–nitrogen concentration, ruminal pH and the in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). In the experiment with four sheep, a 4 × 4 Latin Square design was used with four periods and four treatments (0%, 30%, 60% and 100% Arachis replacing grass hay). Significant interactions were observed between treatments and sampling times for ammonia–nitrogen and acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration and the acetate:propionate ratio. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acids concentration were not affected by interaction between treatments and sampling time. The degradation of DM and CP was similar, rising with the increasing content of Arachis, showing a linear effect. The treatment containing 60% of Arachis showed best results, with good levels of daily weight gain and higher ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids. The legume showed high levels of CP, high digestibility and appropriate levels of fibre, with excellent standards of degradation and ruminal characteristics. The use of the legume Arachis for ruminants is a promising option of nutrient supply to meet production demands of these animals.