Evelyn Wamboye

Gender Effects of Trade Openness in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACT More than thirty years into the modern era of globalization, scholars are now in a position to evaluate the distributive effects of the policy shifts that have led to greater economic integration. One region of the world for which little robust empirical evidence exists on gendered employment effects is Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To identify whether there is an impact of economic and trade structure on womens relative access to work, this contribution empirically explores these issues for thirty-eight SSA countries, and for two subgroups. Panel data for the period 1991–2010 is examined using fixed effects, random effects and two-stage least-squares estimation techniques. Findings suggest that trade liberalization has gendered employment effects, with the direction depending on the structure of the economy. However, the more robust finding is that a countrys infrastructure has played a determining role in gendered labor market outcomes in SSA since the early 1990s.

Internationalisation of the campus and curriculum: evidence from the US institutions of higher learning

This study evaluates the extent to which academic institutions and their curricula are internationalised in the US. The survey instrument incorporates variables that assess the students’ globalisation skills related to international awareness, international competency and international expertise. Generally, findings suggest that a large proportion of students in the US glean their international learning experiences from course-infused content. This allows them to develop international awareness and competency skills, but fall short of the international expertise skills. Furthermore, the probability that students will be exposed to international or cross-cultural learning experiences increases as they advance in their various programmes.

Foreign aid, legal origin, economic growth and Africa’s least developed countries

The issue of foreign aid dependency in Africa remains controversial among policymakers. The Euro zone, which provides the bulk of foreign aid to developing countries, is currently implementing some austerity programmes. Consequently, this study investigates what really matters; the quantity or quality of foreign aid to support economic growth of Africa’s least developed countries. We assess these issues within a country’s legal origin framework. Our findings suggest that both quantity and quality of aid matters and that growth-enhancing effects of aid are more likely to be present in the former British colonies regardless of sample and model specification.

Internationalising business education curriculum in a 'flat world': the scope and constraints

This study empirically analyses the scope and constraints of internationalising business education curriculum in the USA. Using primary data, we evaluate the extent to which faculty members engage in internationalisation activities, the potential job risk attached to the process and the university support. Additionally we attempt to address the following three questions: What are the current approaches to business curriculum internationalisation? What are the constraints? What other effective and cost efficient approaches can faculty members use? Results point to compelling evidence that majority of the faculty members are currently internationalisation their curriculum. However, the preferred approach is by infusing cross-cultural elements in the course content rather than involve international travel. Nonetheless, they face cost constraints and lack of proper international experiences. Furthermore job risk plays a significant role in a facultys decision to internationalise.

Can small and medium multinational enterprises offer an alternative to multinational corporations in African countries? Evidence from Nigeria

Promotion of private investment is a necessity for capital formation in African countries. Foreign private investment in particular, is considered to be a source of the scarce capital resources, valuable technological know-how and corporate norms and practices. However, given the political unpredictability, lack of sufficient infrastructures, inadequate human capital and local technological capacities in these countries, attracting foreign investors outside of the natural resources sector, especially multinational corporations, has been a troubling concern to the policy makers in the region. Using Nigeria as our case study, we attempt to answer the following two questions: Are the small and medium multinational enterprises (SMMEs) an alternative to the traditional larger multinational corporations (MNCs) that have eluded African countries? What are the motivations and investment characteristics of the SMMEs? We evaluate these issues using primary data.

Does productivity in Africa benefit from advanced countries’ R&D?

ABSTRACT This study employs dynamic ordinary least squares and panel co-integration to estimate advanced countries’ R&D spillover effects on labour productivity in 28 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1992–2011. Results show that African countries that import and receive (technical and non-technical) development aid from advanced countries experience an increase in labour productivity, suggesting that trade and aid are transmitters of foreign R&D. However, the extent to which labour productivity responds to R&D spillovers varies based on the country of origin, where spillovers from the USA have a greater impact compared to those from other advanced countries.

Emerging Economies' versus Advanced Countries' Investment Impact in Africa

This paper provides evidence on the labor productivity growth and employment impacts of foreign direct investment in selected countries in Africa over the years 2001-2012. It uses data from five emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and advanced countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America). The estimation, using system generalized method of moments, shows that foreign direct investment from emerging economies and advanced countries has increased labor productivity growth and employment in Africa, when human capital and governance are controlled for. However, the level of impact varies based on the origin of investment.

Financial development and manufactured exports: the African experience

Using a sample of 29 African countries for which adequate time series data are available this paper explores the nexus between financial development and manufactured exports. This particular relationship is especially important in the context of Africa since export diversification away from resources and agriculture is an important part of Africas growth strategy. Our results show that in 11 countries financial development causes manufactured exports and manufactured exports causes financial development in seven countries. We then explore reasons for these findings and find that a rich and surprising set of factors explain our findings.

Exploring the Nature, Motives, and Implications of Foreign Capital in Africa

This introductory chapter summarizes the papers in this book. It shows that the topics covered by experts in their respective fields are engaging, provocative, timely, and critical as they address an emerging theme in development. The analyses provide cutting-edge knowledge about the extent to which capital from BRICS versus OECD member countries impacts Africa’s development trajectory and, as such, offers a contribution that is yet to take root in development economics. It further explicates current issues in ways that question the status quo and offers practical policies for a transformed and thriving Africa. The topics explored have particular resonance with, and relevance to, the changes currently taking place in Africa.

BRICS versus G7 Countries’ Direct Investment Impact in Africa

This chapter provides evidence on the labor-productivity growth and employment impact of BRICS’ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and G7 countries’ (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United States) direct investment in selected African countries over the period 2001–2012. Results based on generalized method of moments estimation show that while foreign direct investment (FDI) from BRICS and G7 countries has increased labor-productivity growth and employment in Africa, BRICS relative to G7 FDI has consistently stronger effects under different model specifications. These findings suggest that the origin of investment does have differing impacts. We also find that human capital appears to complement both types of FDI.