Everton Daniel

Fiber sources in diets for newly weaned piglets

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp in the diet of weaned piglets. A total of 72 piglets (36 castrated males and 36 females) weaned at 21 days of age (BW 6.45±0.66 kg) was distributed according to a randomized block design, for evaluation of performance, transit time, diarrhea incidence and blood parameters of piglets which received diets containing different sources of fiber. The experimental diets were: control diet - diet composed of corn, soybean meal and a source of lactose; control + 1.5% purified cellulose; control + 3% soybean hull and control + 9% citrus pulp. The inclusion of purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp in diets of weaned piglets did not affect the performance or transit time of diets in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the use of purified cellulose reduced incidence of diarrhea. The use of purified cellulose, soybean hull and citrus pulp in the diet of weaned piglets does not affect performance or gastrointestinal transit time. The addition of purified cellulose promotes a beneficial effect to control the diarrhea in weaned piglets.

Ractopamine in diets for finishing gilts

An experiment was carried out using 468 gilts, with an initial weight of 84.77 ± 7.20 kg and allotted into 36 pens to evaluate the effect of the addition of ractopamine in the diets on performance, characteristics and yields of carcass comercial cuts, composition and retail cuts of ham. It was used a randomized block design with four levels of ractopamine (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of diet) and nine replicates with 13 animals per experimental unit. The initial body weight of the animals was the criterion used to form the blocks. It was not observed any effects of levels of ractopamine on daily weight gain of the animals. Daily feed intake presented a linear reduction when the level of dietary ractopamine was increased. Feed conversion of the animals was linearly improved with the inclusion of ractopamine in the diet. Significant differences were verified at fat and meat proportions on the carcass and wholesale cuts. There was a decreasing linear effect caused by ractopamine on the quantity and depth of fat and a linear increasing effect on lean percentage, on ham meat and on the weights of semimembranosus and gluteus medius. Diets for finishing gilts should contain 15 mg/kg of ractopamine per kg.

Purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp as a source of fiber for weaned piglets

Dietary fiber is an important component, which has a direct effect on intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients; and also alters intestinal microbiota and morphology according to solubility. One digestibility trial and one performance experiment were performed to evaluate the effects of sources of fiber in diets for 21 day weaned piglets. The experimental diets used in both trials consisted of a control diet and diets with purified cellulose, soybean hulls or citrus pulp as a main source of dietary fiber. To evaluate the digestibility of nutrients (Assay 1), the total feces and urine collection method was used. The fiber sources did not affect nutrient digestibility, except for soluble fiber, which increased with the inclusion of citrus (Citrus sinensisL.) pulp. To evaluate performance, morphophysiology and microbiology of the digestive tract of weaned piglets, a total of 32 castrated male piglets was used. Slaughter of animals was implemented at 35 and 50 days of age. The use of soybean (Glycine max L.) hulls and citrus pulp in diets increased the number of goblet cells and the density of villi in the jejunum. The viscosities of stomach and cecum contents increased due to the addition of citrus pulp. Soybean hulls and the citrus pulp included in diets reduced the occurrence of E. coli in the small intestines of piglets slaughtered at 35 days of age. Among the fiber sources, purified cellulose in piglet diets promotes better performance of animals, due to the modulation of the small intestine microbiota, with lower E. coli occurrence resulting in higher villus density.

Avaliação econômica da utilização de diferentes níveis de polpa cítrica com ou sem adição de complexo enzimático nas dietas de suínos

An economic evaluation was done in order to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of 0, 5, 10 and 15% of citrus pulp (PC), with or without the addition of the enzyme complex, on the performance of 72 pigs from 25.71±7.51 to 98.81±10.64kg of body weight. The animals were slaughtered when they reached 98.81kg. The purchase value of the animals and feed costs (R

Citrus pulp and enzyme complex for growing and finishing pigs

) were discounted from the carcass value, including subsidy rates (R

Qualidade da carne de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes concentrações de ractopamina na dieta

). A linear increase (P= 0.0190) was observed, while linear reductions were observed for the gross receipts (P=0.0328) and net (P = 0.0013) partials, due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. Considering the evolution of corn, soybean meal and pig prices during 2008, there were some 12 different scenarios for partial and net income determined and in all of them, linear reductions were observed due to the inclusion of PC in the diet with or without the enzyme complex. The use of PC with or without the addition of the enzyme complex was unable to reduce the costs of feed.

Manure production and mineral excretion in feces of gilts fed ractopamine

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de niveis de polpa citrica (PC), com ou sem adicao de um complexo enzimatico nas racoes, sobre o desempenho dos suinos e as caracteristicas de carcaca. Utilizou-se 72 suinos, com 25,71 ± 7,51 e 98,81 ± 10,64kg de pesos inicial e final, respectivamente. As dietas foram formuladas para as fases: 1 - 70 aos 101; 2 - 102 aos 130; 3 - 131 aos 143 dias de idade. Como nao houve redistribuicao dos animais nos blocos no inicio das fases 2 e 3, os dados foram avaliados nos periodos: 1 - 70 aos 101; 2 - 70 aos 130 e 3 - 70 aos 143 dias de idade. A inclusao de ate 15% de PC, com ou sem a adicao do complexo enzimatico nas dietas, diminuiu o consumo diario de racao nos Periodos 1 e 2, e melhorou a conversao alimentar no Periodo 2, porem, os animais apresentaram respostas adaptativas no Periodo 3. O rendimento de carcaca e a relacao gordura/carne diminuiram linearmente, na medida em que aumentaram os niveis de PC, na ausencia do complexo enzimatico. Na presenca do produto, a relacao gordura/carne apresentou comportamento quadratico, e o nivel de 7,78% de PC determinou a menor relacao. A inclusao de ate 15% de PC com ou sem a adicao do complexo enzimatico nas dietas para suinos, nao proporciona diferencas no desempenho e pode ser uma alternativa alimentar, sem afetar as caracteristicas de carcaca.

ECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF RACTOPAMINE INCLUSION IN DIETS OF FINISHING GILTS

A study was conducted to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensorial quality and fat acids profile of meat from gilts fed diets containing increasing concentration of ractopamine. A total of 468 gilts with initial weight of 84.77±7.20kg were allotted into 36 pens and fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 or 15mg of ractopamine/kg. After an experimental period of 28 days, two animals from each pen were chosen and slaughtered after 15 hours of fasting. A sample of the Longissimus muscle was collected to evaluate the quality of the pork meat. There was no effect (P>0.05) of ractopamine inclusion in pH, water holding capacity, shear force, color and lipid oxidation. However, a quadratic trend was observed (P 0.05). No effects were observed (P>0.05) for fat acids profile and saturated and unsaturated fat acids ratio. In conclusion, the increase of up to 15mg of ractopamine/kg concentration in the diet does not change the physical and sensorial characteristics and the fat acids profile of meat from gilts slaughtered at 110kg of body weight.