F. Ravotti

First measurement of the total proton-proton cross-section at the LHC energy of \chem{\sqrt{s} = 7\,TeV}

TOTEM has measured the differential cross-section for elastic proton-proton scattering at the LHC energy of analysing data from a short run with dedicated large-β* optics. A single exponential fit with a slope B=(20.1±0.2stat±0.3syst) GeV−2 describes the range of the four-momentum transfer squared |t| from 0.02 to 0.33 GeV2. After the extrapolation to |t|=0, a total elastic scattering cross-section of (24.8±0.2stat±1.2syst) mb was obtained. Applying the optical theorem and using the luminosity measurement from CMS, a total proton-proton cross-section of (98.3±0.2stat±2.8syst) mb was deduced which is in good agreement with the expectation from the overall fit of previously measured data over a large range of center-of-mass energies. From the total and elastic pp cross-section measurements, an inelastic pp cross-section of was inferred.

Measurement of proton-proton elastic scattering and total cross-section at \chem{\sqrt {s} = 7\,TeV}

At the LHC energy of , under various beam and background conditions, luminosities, and Roman Pot positions, TOTEM has measured the differential cross-section for proton-proton elastic scattering as a function of the four-momentum transfer squared t. The results of the different analyses are in excellent agreement demonstrating no sizeable dependence on the beam conditions. Due to the very close approach of the Roman Pot detectors to the beam center (?5?beam) in a dedicated run with ?*?=?90?m, |t|-values down to 5?10?3?GeV2 were reached. The exponential slope of the differential elastic cross-section in this newly explored |t|-region remained unchanged and thus an exponential fit with only one constant B?=?(19.9???0.3)?GeV?2 over the large |t|-range from 0.005 to 0.2?GeV2 describes the differential distribution well. The high precision of the measurement and the large fit range lead to an error on the slope parameter B which is remarkably small compared to previous experiments. It allows a precise extrapolation over the non-visible cross-section (only 9%) to t?=?0. With the luminosity from CMS, the elastic cross-section was determined to be (25.4???1.1)?mb, and using in addition the optical theorem, the total pp cross-section was derived to be (98.6???2.2)?mb. For model comparisons the t-distributions are tabulated including the large |t|-range of the previous measurement (TOTEM Collaboration (Antchev G. et al), EPL, 95 (2011) 41001).

Proton-proton elastic scattering at the LHC energy of \chem{\sqrt{s} = 7\,TeV}

Proton-proton elastic scattering has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at √ s = 7 TeV in dedicated runs with the Roman Pot detectors placed as close as seven times the transverse beam size (σbeam) from the outgoing beams. After careful study of the accelerator optics and the detector alignment, |t|, the square of four-momentum transferred in the elastic scattering process, has been determined with an uncertainty of δt = 0.1 GeV p |t|. In this letter, first results of the differential cross-section are presented covering a |t|-range from 0.36 to 2.5 GeV 2 . The differential cross-section in the range 0.36 < |t| < 0.47 GeV 2 is described by an exponential with a slope parameter B =( 23.6 ± 0.5 stat ± 0.4 syst )G eV −2 , followed by a significant diffractive minimum at |t| =( 0.53 ± 0.01 stat ± 0.01 syst )G eV 2 .F or|t|-values larger than ∼ 1. 5G eV 2 , the cross-section exhibits a power law behaviour with an exponent of −7.8 ± 0.3 stat ± 0.1 syst . When compared to predictions based on the different available models, the data show a strong discriminative power despite the small t-range covered. open access Copyright c EPLA, 2011

Dosimetry Assessments in the Irradiation Facilities at the CERN-PS Accelerator

At the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) accelerator complex, two experimental zones allow the irradiation of samples in a 23 GeV pure proton beam and in a secondary particle environment dominated by 1-MeV neutrons and gamma rays. In this paper, a review of the operative irradiation systems named IRRAD1 and IRRAD2 is presented, as well as the improvements in the techniques used for the beam characterizations and dosimetry

Conception of an integrated sensor for the radiation monitoring of the CMS experiment at the large hadron collider

The concept of an active integrated dosimetric sensor for the radiation monitoring of the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) Large Hadron Collider is presented. The sensor, based on RadFET, OSL, p-i-n diode, and pad detector dosimeters, will measure both ionizing and nonionizing energy losses in the harsh radiation environment produced by hadron interactions.

Measurement of the forward charged-particle pseudorapidity density in pp collisions at ?s = 7?TeV with the TOTEM experiment

The TOTEM experiment has measured the charged-particle pseudorapidity density dNch/d? in pp collisions at for 5.3<|?|<6.4 in events with at least one charged particle with transverse momentum above 40?MeV/c in this pseudorapidity range. This extends the analogous measurement performed by the other LHC experiments to the previously unexplored forward ? region. The measurement refers to more than 99% of non-diffractive processes and to single and double diffractive processes with diffractive masses above ~3.4?GeV/c2, corresponding to about 95% of the total inelastic cross-section. The dNch/d? has been found to decrease with |?|, from 3.84 ? 0.01(stat) ? 0.37(syst) at |?|=5.375 to 2.38?0.01(stat)?0.21(syst) at |?|=6.375. Several MC generators have been compared to data; none of them has been found to fully describe the measurement.

Measurement of proton-proton inelastic scattering cross-section at \chem{\sqrt {s} = 7\,{\mathrm {TeV}}}

The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has measured the inelastic proton-proton cross-section at in a ?*?=?90?m run with low inelastic pile-up. The measurement was based on events with at least one charged particle in the T2 telescope acceptance of 5.3?<?|?|?<?6.5 in pseudorapidity. Combined with data from the T1 telescope, covering 3.1?<?|?|?<?4.7, the cross-section for inelastic events with at least one |?|???6.5 final-state particle was determined to be (70.5???2.9)?mb. This cross-section includes all central diffractive events of which maximally 0.25?mb is estimated to escape the detection of the telescopes. Based on models for low mass diffraction, the total inelastic cross-section was deduced to be (73.7???3.4)?mb. An upper limit of 6.31?mb at 95% confidence level on the cross-section for events with diffractive masses below 3.4?GeV was obtained from the difference between the overall inelastic cross-section obtained by TOTEM using elastic scattering and the cross-section for inelastic events with at least one |?|???6.5 final-state particle.

Radiation Monitoring in Mixed Environments at CERN: From the IRRAD6 Facility to the LHC Experiments

RadFET and p-i-n diode semiconductor dosimeters from different manufacturers will be used for radiation monitoring at the Experiments of the CERN LHC accelerator. In this work these sensors were exposed over three months in the CERN-IRRAD6 facility that provides mixed high-energy particles at low rates. The aim was to validate the operation of such sensors in a radiation field where the conditions are close to the ones expected inside full working LHC particle detectors. The results of this long-term irradiation campaign are presented, discussed and compared with measurements by other dosimetric means as well as Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the integration of several dosimetric devices in one sensor carrier is also presented.

Elastic Scattering and Total Cross-Section in p+p Reactions As Measured by the LHC Experiment TOTEM at √ s =7 TeV

Tamas Csorgő4 for the TOTEM Collaboration: G. Antchev,∗) P. Aspell,8 I. Atanassov,8,∗)V. Avati,8 J. Baechler,8 V. Berardi,5b,5a M. Berretti,7b E. Bossini,7b M. Bozzo,6b,6a P. Brogi,7b E. Brucken,3a,3b A. Buzzo,6a F. S. Cafagna,5a M. Calicchio,5b,5a M. G. Catanesi,5a C. Covault,9 M. Csanad,4,∗∗) M. Deile,8 E. Dimovasili,8 M. Doubek,1b K. Eggert,9 V. Eremin,∗∗∗) R. Ferretti,6a,6b F. Ferro,6a A. Fiergolski,†) F. Garcia,3a S. Giani,8 V. Greco,7b,8 L. Grzanka,8,††) J. Heino,3a T. Hilden,3a,3b M. R. Intonti,5a M. Janda,1b J. Kaspar,1a,8 J. Kopal,1a,8 V. Kundrat,1a K. Kurvinen,3a S. Lami,7a G. Latino,7b R. Lauhakangas,3a T. Leszko,† E. Lippmaa,2 M. Lokajicek,1a M. Lo Vetere,6b,6a F. Lucas Rodŕiguez,8 M. Macŕi,6a L. Magaletti,5b,5a G. Magazzu,7a A. Mercadante,5b,5a M. Meucci,7b S. Minutoli,6a F. Nemes,4,∗∗) H. Niewiadomski,8 E. Noschis,8 T. Novak,4,† † †) E. Oliveri,7b F. Oljemark,3a,3b R. Orava,3a,3b M. Oriunno,8,‡) K. Osterberg,3a,3b P. Palazzi,7b A.-L. Perrot,8 E. Pedreschi,7a J. Petajajarvi,3a J. Prochazka,1a M. Quinto,5a E. Radermacher,8 E. Radicioni,5a F. Ravotti,8 E. Robutti,6a L. Ropelewski,8 G. Ruggiero,8 H. Saarikko,3a,3b G. Sanguinetti,7a A. Santroni,6b,6a A. Scribano,7b G. Sette,6b,6a W. Snoeys,8 F. Spinella,7a J. Sziklai,4 C. Taylor,9 N. Turini,7b V. Vacek,1b M. Vitek,1b J. Welti,3a,b J. Whitmore10

Online dosimetry based on optically stimulated luminescence materials

A version of the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) sensor specifically developed to monitor the dose online in radiation facilities is presented and calibrated with /sup 60/Co. The lowest dose measurable at the extremity of a 20 m cable is 0.3 mGy.