F. S. Nóbrega

Remoção de pino de Steinmann intra-abdominal por videolaparoscopia em um cão

An intra-abdominal Steinmann pin was detected during a radiographic assessment of the 60th post- operative day of a vertebral stabilization in a dog. Laparoscopic inspection and retrieval of the foreign body were performed. The implant was surrounded by omentum with no noticeable signs of infection. The procedure was performed within 15 minutes with minimal trauma. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report of this kind of implant migration to the peritoneal cavity followed by laparoscopic removal in dogs.

Avaliação da interação biológica entre compósito de quitosana, colágeno e hidroxiapatita e tecido ósseo ovino

As lesoes em membros de grandes animais sao um desafio para medicos veterinarios, uma vez que somente a osteossintese nao garante resultados satisfatorios. Muitos pesquisadores vem se dedicando ao desenvolvimento e estudo de substitutos osseos produzidos de materiais naturais, como quitosana, colageno e hidroxiapatita, que auxiliam na regeneracao ossea. Seis ovinos femeas da raca Santa Ines foram submetidos a ostectomias unicorticais de sete milimetros de diâmetro na regiao proximal da superficie dorsomedial dos III/IV metacarpianos. Foi implantado composito de quitosana, colageno e hidroxiapatita em um membro toracico para avaliacao da biocompatibilidade do material ao tecido osseo ovino, e no membro contralateral foi reproduzida a mesma tecnica, porem foi mantido sem preenchimento, como controle. Apos 60 dias do procedimento cirurgico, realizou-se biopsia ossea na area de interface entre biomaterial/osso (membro com composito) e tecido neoformado/osso (membro controle), para realizacao de avaliacao histologica do material nao descalcificado, por meio de microscopia de luz e microscopia eletronica de varredura. Na analise histomorfometrica, mediante microscopia de luz, foi possivel identificar maior porcentagem de tecido neoformado em membro controle, quando comparado ao membro com composito (80% e 63,5%, respectivamente; P<0,05). Por meio da microscopia eletronica de varredura, observou-se invasao da estrutura interna do composito por tecido osseo neoformado. Nao houve formacao de tecido cicatricial, reacao de corpo estranho ou resposta inflamatoria cronica nas amostras analisadas. Conclui-se que o composito de quitosana, colageno e hidroxiapatita, quando implantado em tecido osseo ovino, apresenta biocompatibilidade e perfil osteocondutor.

Histological and Radiographic Evaluation of Equine Bone Structure after Implantation of Castor Oil Polymer

OBJECTIVEnu2003The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of a vegetal polymeric biomaterial intended for bone substitution in horses and to investigate the responses of the equine third metacarpal bone to biomaterial implantation.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnu2003Six horses were submitted to osteotomy on the dorsal aspect of the left and right third metacarpal bones; one bone defect was randomly selected for treatment with biopolymer, while the other was left untreated and served as a control. Bone density was monitored radiographically after surgery and bone biopsy fragments were collected at the end of the 120-day follow-up period. Biopsy fragments were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy.nnnRESULTSnu2003Mean bone density values (mmAL) were greater in control defects (16.33u2009±u20091.6) than in polymer-treated defects (14.17u2009±u20091.7) at 120 days (pu2009=u20090.027). Light microscopy revealed greater percentages of new bone formation in control defects (50.15u2009±u200914.8) than in polymer treated defects (26.94u2009±u200912.1) at 120 days (pu2009<u20090.0001). Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested a similar quality of pre-existing bone and new bone formed in the presence of biomaterial.nnnCLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEnu2003The absence of adverse reactions supports biomaterial biocompatibility and osteoconducting capacity and suggests the castor oil polymer is a suitable bone substitute for the treatment of bone defects in horses.

Osteossíntese de fêmur em gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus tigrinus)

The little spotted cat or oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus) is a wild feline that has size and body proportions similar to the domestic cat (Felis catus), but can be classified as the smallest wild feline all the way from Costa Rica to Brazil and Argentina threatened with extinction. In domestic cats, the distal portion of the long bone femur is more susceptible to fractures. The aim of this paper is to report the treatment of a complete, transverse, supracondylar fracture of the right femur on a five-month-old little female oncilla, by internal fixation by two crossed Kirschner wires. At 60 days after surgery, the patient was discharged from the veterinary hospital and returned to its place of origin. Considering the authors knowledge, this is the first report of osteosynthesis in L. tigrinus using this described technique. Due to similarities with species, anatomical, surgical and anesthetics data of domestic cats were considered. The fixation method was successful and limb function was achieved without any complication.

Osteossíntese de mandíbula e maxila em equinos adultos: relato de quatro casos

Secondary mandible fracture due to external trauma is not uncommon in horses, that being the most commonly fractured bone when the injure is on the animal´s head. In most cases, the injuries are open and damaging to surrounding soft tissues. As the bones of the head are not subjected to load forces, the support requirements for fracture fixation are less challenging. This paper describes the surgical treatment of four mandible fractures in horses, and, in one case, the animal had also suffered a fractured jaw. Four horses with a history of trauma to the head region have been examined, clinically and radiographically evaluated, and after being diagnosed, each of them was submitted to surgical treatment. In the first case, the horse showed rostral fracture of the jaw, thus being treated with cerclage. Moreover, the animal had multiple jaw fractures that were fixed with a cerclage next to the incisors, with a plate and two screws and cerclage in the region between the incisors and the premolars. The second animal had multiple fractures of the horizontal and vertical branches of the right jaw and was treated with the use of five reconstruction plates and screws. The third patient was diagnosed with a simple horizontal branch fracture of the left mandible that was stabilized with a plate and screws. The fourth patient had a fracture of the rostral mandible with avulsion of four incisors, and received the extraction of incisors and labial mucosa suture. All animals received fracture treatment in different post surgical periods, allowing improved quality of life.