F. V. Resende

Uso de cobertura morta vegetal no controle da umidade e temperatura do solo, na incidência de plantas invasoras e na produção da cenoura em cultivo de verão

Avaliaram-se os efeitos de diferentes tipos de cobertura morta de solo de origem vegetal sobre o crescimento, controle de plantas daninhas, produtividade e regime hidrotermico do solo no cultivo da cenoura, cultivar Brasilia, em um experimento conduzido no periodo de setembro a dezembro de 1998, em Marilia, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes em parcelas de 2 m2. Estudou-se os seguintes tipos de cobertura: serragem de madeira, casca de arroz, maravalha (raspa de madeira), capim seco (Cynodon spp.) e controle (solo sem cobertura morta). A utilizacao da cobertura morta de solo mostrou-se como uma pratica vantajosa para o cultivo de verao da cenoura, reduziu a temperatura em ate 3,5oC, aumentou a retencao de umidade do solo em ate 2,3% em relacao ao controle e melhorou o desenvolvimento das plantas de cenoura. Houve menor incidencia de plantas daninhas com o uso de maravalha e capim seco que, juntamente com a serragem tambem aumentaram o numero de plantas colhidas. Entre os tipos de cobertura morta utilizados, a casca de arroz e a maravalha se destacaram em relacao ao solo descoberto como os materiais que proporcionaram maior produtividade (112,6 e 99,6 t/ha respectivamente). O uso de cobertura morta de solo mostrou-se vantajoso em varios aspectos para cultura da cenoura, sendo tecnica e economicamente viavel, principalmente, em pequenas areas e em cultivos orgânicos.

Adubação química e cobertura morta em alho proveniente de cultura de tecidos

Avaliou-se diferentes epocas de parcelamento da adubacao de cobertura com nitrogenio e potassio e o uso de cobertura morta em um clone da cultivar Gravata proveniente de cultura de tecidos. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 com quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por solo com e sem cobertura morta e pela adubacao de cobertura com N e K parcelada em tres periodos de aplicacao 45 e 65; 60 e 80; 75 e 95 dias apos o plantio. A altura das plantas, numero de folhas/planta, diâmetro do bulbo e a taxa de bulbificacao foram avaliados 105 dias apos o plantio. O parcelamento da adubacao com nitrogenio e potassio em cobertura na cultura do alho aos 45 e 65 dias ou aos 60 e 80 dias apos o plantio resultaram em bulbos com maior diâmetro, independente do uso de cobertura morta. As demais caracteristicas avaliadas nao foram influenciadas pelas epocas de parcelamento da adubacao nitrogenada e potassica. A cobertura morta mostrou-se vantajosa em relacao ao solo descoberto para cultura do alho oriundo de cultura de tecidos, permitindo aumentos significativos no crescimento e produtividade, que alcancou 16,76 t/ha com cobertura e 13,44 t/ha sem cobertura.

Produtividade e qualidade do melão rendilhado em ambiente protegido, em função do espaçamento e sistema de condução

An experiment was perfomed to evaluate yield and quality of net melon considering plants spacing and cultivation systems. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with cultivar Bonus no 2, from August/98 to January/99 in Marilia, Brazil. Three plant spacing (30, 50 and 70 cm) and cultivation systems as one stem and two fruits (S1), two stems and one fruit/stem (S2), two stems with two fruits/stems (S3) and three stems with one fruit/stem (S4) were studied. A split plot design with spacing on plots was employed, and randomized blocks with three replicates. At S1 and S2 cultivation systems, fruits showed higher longitudinal diameter (11.46 and 11.32 cm, respectively) and transverse (10.97 and 11.08cm, respectively), and higher mean fruits weight (0.87 and 0.89 kg, respectively). Considering yield per area, S3 (7.44 Kg/m2) presented the best performance, but with lesser mean fruit weight. The highest soluble solids content was obtained with 13.86oBrix, at S2 cultivation. Mean fruit weight was positive linearly correlated to culture space increasing and total fruits yield was reduced from higher to smaller spacing, with inverted quadratic inclination. Plant cultivation with two stems and one fruit/stem at 50 cm spacing promoted better balance between mean fruit weight and marketing and higher yield by area.

Comparação do crescimento e produção entre alho proveniente de cultura de tecidos e de multiplicação convencional

Este trabalho foi conduzido na area experimental do Setor de Olericultura/Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e a producao de plantas de alho da cultivar Gigante Roxao provenientes de cultura de tecidos (propagacao por meristemas), comparando-as com plantas da mesma cultivar multiplicadas de forma convencional. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com dois tratamentos (plantas de cultura de tecidos e de multiplicacao convencional) nas parcelas e sete epocas de avaliacao (30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130 e 150 dias apos o plantio) como sub-parcelas. Foram utilizadas quatro repeticoes. Em cada epoca foram coletadas seis plantas/parcela para determinacao de materia seca (parte aerea, bulbo, raizes e total), altura da planta, numero medio de folhas/planta e razao bulbar. No final do experimento avaliou-se a producao, peso medio de bulbo e numero de bulbilhos/bulbo. O desenvolvimento da parte aerea foi semelhante entre os tratamentos ate os 70 dias do plantio, apos o qual, as plantas originadas por cultura de tecidos mostraram-se superiores. Aos 110 dias do plantio, as plantas provenientes de cultura de tecidos apresentaram aumentos significativos de 29,0%, 80,3% e 145,0% respectivamente, na altura e producao de materia seca da parte aerea e de raizes em relacao as plantas convencionais. As plantas de cultura de tecidos tambem foram superiores, aos 150 dias do plantio, com 68,2% e 67,0% a mais de materia seca do bulbo e total, respectivamente. Verificou-se um prolongamento de cerca de 13 dias no ciclo cultural das plantas de cultura de tecidos em relacao as convencionais, causando atraso na formacao dos bulbos, de acordo com o comportamento da razao bulbar. Para peso medio de bulbo e numero de bulbilhos/bulbo, as plantas de cultura de tecidos foram, respectivamente, 109,5 e 37,0% superiores, resultando num aumento de 99,8% na producao de bulbos.

'BRS Tospodoro': a high lycopene processing tomato cultivar adapted to organic cropping systems and with multiple resistance to pathogens

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Tospodoro’ is a high lycopene tomato cultivar, which combines multiple disease resistance genes and desirable processing traits. This cultivar was found to be suitable for both conventional and organic crop systems. ‘BRS Tospodoro’ was obtained via backcross breeding using ‘Viradoro’ as recurrent parent and the inbred line ‘CNPH 1306’ as the donor of the Pto gene (resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato race 0). ‘BRS Tospodoro’ has the Mi1-2 gene that controls resistance to root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne incognita , M. javanica, and M. arenaria ) as well as tolerance to populations of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (vector of Potyvirus species), and to whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ). ‘BRS Tospodoro’ has also the Sw-5b gene, which controls resistance to major Tospovirus species ( Groundnut ringspot virus , Tomato chlorotic spot virus , Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus , and Tomato spotted wilt virus ). This cultivar is also resistant to Stemphylium solani and S. lycopersici

Garlic vernalization and planting dates in Guarapuava

Several attempts have been made in order to produce garlic out of season in Southern Brazil, aiming to reduce dependence on imports. The use of cold storage before planting is a possible alternative. Another possibility could be forward planting dates using early cultivars, more tolerant to diseases and less demanding in temperature and photoperiod conditions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of three vernalization periods (30, 40 and 50 days) and three planting dates (23/03, 23/04 and 23/05) on the yield of two garlic cultivars (Cacador and Quiteria). A randomized block design with three replications was used. The assessed traits were plant emergence, plant height, secondary plant growth, total yield and classification of marketable bulbs. The plant emergence and plant height increased in the first cultivation period. The yield of marketable bulbs of the Quiteria cultivar increased on the first two planting dates and the Cacador cultivar showed the highest yield of marketable bulbs on the second planting date. The third planting date provided a decrease in the secondary growth of the Cacador cultivar plants. The 30-day vernalization period promoted lower secondary growth of Quiteria cultivar plants. The 40-day vernalization period, which allowed better adaptation of both cultivars to photoperiod and temperature, resulted in good vegetative and productive development in the region of Guarapuava, Parana State, Brazil.

Produção de tomateiro orgânico irrigado por aspersão e gotejamento, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com coentro

ABSTRACT Production of organic tomatoes irrigated by sprinkler and drip systems, as single crop and intercropped with coriander The efficient use of water and the environmental diversity are crucial to the balance and sustainability of the organic production system of tomatoes. The present study aimed to evaluate the organic production of tomato cultivated as a single crop and in consortium with coriander, under sprinkler and drip irrigation. The experiment was carried out at an organic production area on the Federal District of Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial (two irrigation systems x two cropping schemes). No significant interaction between the both factors occurred, and there was no significant effect of the cropping scheme over the evaluated variables. Although the crop cycle has been reduced when tomato was drip irrigated, the fruit yield was not affected by the irrigation systems. The larger reduction in the stand of plants observed under sprinkler irrigation has been compensated by an increase in the number of fruits per plant, without a change on the fruit mass. The smaller volume of soil explored by the tomato roots associated with the higher incidence of South American tomato pinworm (

Caracterização morfológica, produtividade e rendimento comercial de cultivares de alho

Brazil could increase garlic production up to the point of supplying the internal demand. To achieve this success, it is necessary to evaluate the maximum number of cultivars to establish the best ones for each region. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate economic yield and quality of bulbs of 20 garlic cultivars in Center-South Parana state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out between March and September 2009, in Guarapuava, Parana state. Experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments consisted of twelve seminoble and eight noble garlic cultivars. We evaluated the total production (TP), commercial production (CP) and commercial classification of bulbs; secondary bulb growth; and six characteristics related to the plant morphology: pseudostem diameter, length and leaf width, length, width and number of cloves. Noble group cultivars have presented TP superior to seminoble cultivars. However, there was no difference in relation to CP. Among cultivars of noble group, San Valentim presented greater CP bulbs, with 8,9 t ha-1. Noble group cultivars have presented higher percentual of bulbs in classes 6 and 7, especially the cultivars Chonan, with 40.3% of the bulbs in the class 7 and cultivar Ito, with 75% of the bulbs in classes 6 and 7. The opposite was observed in the seminoble group, since most bulbs of this group were found in classes 3, 4 and 5. Among the evaluated cultivars, San Valentin showed to be better adapted to the edafoclimatic conditions of the region, presenting a great yielding potential.

LONG-LIFE TOMATO CULTIVARS GROWING UNDER THE HYDROPONIC NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE

Farmers are interested in hydroponic tomato cultivation because of the high demand of high quality products by the consumers. Three trials here carried out under greenhouse conditions in Marilia, SP, Brazil, using the hydroponic nutrient film technique, in order to evaluate yield and quality of long-life salad tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties, during 1998 and 1999. Four varieties (Carmen, Diva, Graziela, and Vita) were tested using a randomized block design, with six replications. The variety x crop season interaction effect was significant, meaning that varieties have distinct performances during the different cropping seasons. The Vita variety presented commercial valid yield, with mean fruit weights higher than the other varieties.

Crescimento, produção e absorção de nitrogênio do alho proveniente de cultura de tecidos, cultivado com doses elevadas de nitrogênio

This work was accomplished in Marilia county, State of Sao Paulo - Brazil, with the objective of studying the growth, production, N uptake and correlations between these characteristics, on tissue culture garlic cultivated under high nitrogen levels. Five levels of N were used: 0, 80, 140, 200 and 250 kg/ha in a randomised block design with four replications. The number of leaves per plant and the bulbing ratio increased under high N levels in the soil. The plant height and dry matter accumulation showed a quadratic response, reaching maximum values at N levels of 180 and 164 kg/ha, respectively. The N-accumulation on leaves and bulbs also followed the quadratic behaviour, although only the bulb showed a maximum value of N-accumulation under the level of 182 kg/ha. For total yield, a quadratic effect was observed, increasing up to 234 kg/ha of N. The commercial yield was negatively affected by the high N levels, showing a quadratic effect. The maximum estimated commercial yield (18.74 t/ha) was obtained under 194.4 kg/ha of N. Garlic plants originated from tissue culture had better response to higher N levels than those whose bulbs were multiplied in the field. Highly significant correlations were observed between N-accumulation and the plant production components.