Fábio Parra Sellera

Escherichia coli carrying IncX4 plasmid-mediated mcr-1 and blaCTX-M genes in infected migratory Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus).

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil; Veterinary Unit of Santos Aquarium, Santos, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil

In vitro photoinactivation of bovine mastitis related pathogens

BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is considered the most important disease of worldwide dairy industry. Treatment of this disease is based on the application intramammary antibiotic, which favors an increase in the number of resistant bacteria in the last decade. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been investigated in different areas of Health Sciences, and has shown great potential for inactivating different pathogens, without any selection of resistant microorganisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PDI in the inactivation of pathogens associated with bovine mastitis. METHODS We tested the effectiveness of PDI against antibiotic resistant strains, isolated from bovine mastitis, from the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, and the alga Prototheca zopfii. Nine experimental groups were evaluated: control, no treatment; light only, irradiation of a red light-emitting diode (λ=662 (20) nm) for 180 s; exposure to 50 μM methylene blue alone for 5 min; and PDI for 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 s. RESULTS S. dysgalactiae, S. aureus, and C. bovis were inactivated after 30s of irradiation, whereas S. agalactiae was inactivated after 120 s and P. zopfii at 180 s of irradiation. CONCLUSION These results show that PDI can be an interesting tool for inactivating pathogens for bovine mastitis.

Comparative study between photodynamic and antibiotic therapies for treatment of footpad dermatitis (bumblefoot) in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus)

BACKGROUND Bumblefoot, referring to bed-sore-like foot lesions, is one of the most important clinical complications in captive birds and has a multifactorial etiology. Photodynamic therapy has been proposed as an alternative treatment for localized infections in response to the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in a group of captive Spheniscus magellanicus with bumblefoot lesions treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) or antibiotics (ATB). METHODS Ten captive Magellanic penguins with preexisting stage III bumblefoot lesions were selected and randomly divided into one PDT and one ATB group, each including 11 pelvic-limb lesions. All animals underwent surgical debridement of lesions. In the ATB group, antibiotic ointment was applied topically three times a week, and systemic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered daily. In the PDT group, photodynamic therapy was applied three times a week without the use of topical or systemic medication. Lesion areas were photographed, and swabs were collected for culture and sensitivity, on the first day and every 14 days for a total of 84 days. The four species of bacteria showing the most resistance to the antibiotics screened on the antibiogram were used to determine resistance to PDT with an in vitro test. RESULTS There were significant differences in healing rate and average healing time between the PDT and ATB groups (63.62% vs. 9.09% and 42 vs. 70 days, respectively). CONCLUSION The findings of this study attest to the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of stage III bumblefoot in Spheniscus magellanicus.

Colistin-Resistant mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli on Public Beaches, an Infectious Threat Emerging in Recreational Waters

ABSTRACT The emergence and rapid spread of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 gene have generated an urgent need to strengthen surveillance. We performed a meticulous investigation of strains of this sort, which resulted in the identification of international clones of E. coli carrying IncX4-plasmid-mediated mcr-1 and blaCTX-M genes in recreational waters of public urban beaches in cities with high tourist turnover, highlighting a new environmental reservoir.

Photodynamic therapy for pododermatitis in penguins.

Pododermatitis is currently one of most frequent and important clinical complications in seabirds kept in captivity or in rehabilitation centers. In this study, five Magellanic penguins with previous pododermatitis lesions on their footpad were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). All PDT treated lesions successfully regressed and no recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up period. PDT seems to be an inexpensive and effective alternative treatment for pododermatitis in Magellanic penguins encouraging further research on this topic.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for caseous lymphadenitis abscesses in sheep: Report of ten cases.

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 7-Cidade Universitaria, 05508-270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Santos Metropolitan University, Av. Prof. Antonio Manoel de Carvalho, 3935-Morro da Nova Cintra, 11080-300 Santos, SP, Brazil Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade niversitaria, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Center for Lasers and Applications, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitaria, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748-Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, P, Brazil

Zooanthroponotic Transmission of Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Brazil

We recovered VIM-2 carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from an infected dog, its owner, and the domestic environment. Genomic investigation revealed household transmission of the high-risk hospital clone sequence type 233 in the human–animal–environment interface. Results suggest zooanthroponotic transmission of VIM-2–producing P. aeruginosa in the household following the patients hospital discharge.

Draft genome sequence of Enterobacter cloacae ST520 harbouring blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-17 isolated from coastal waters of the South Atlantic Ocean

OBJECTIVES Aquatic environments have contributed to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, representing a risk for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to report the first draft genome sequence of a MDR Enterobacter cloacae strain recovered from seawater in a public beach in Brazil. METHODS The genome was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes 3.10.1 and the whole genome sequence was analysed using bioinformatics tools from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology. RESULTS This draft genome resulted in 5 228 857bp with 5331 protein-coding sequences, revealing the presence of blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-17 genes, responsible for resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. In addition, the strain was assigned to sequenced type 520 (ST520). CONCLUSION These data provide useful information for comparative genomic analysis regarding the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.

Draft genome sequence of a CTX-M-8, CTX-M-55 and FosA3 co-producing Escherichia coli ST117/B2 isolated from an asymptomatic carrier

OBJECTIVES Asymptomatic carriers can act as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The aim of this study was to describe the draft genome sequence of a MDR Escherichia coli lineage recovered from a faecal sample of a healthy carrier. METHODS Genomic DNA was sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq platform. Sequence reads were de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench and the whole genome sequence was evaluated through bioinformatics tools available from the Center of Genomic Epidemiology as well as additional in silico analysis. RESULTS The genome size was calculated as 5178340 bp, with 5442 protein-coding sequences and 5492 total genes. Presence of the blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-55 and fosA3 genes was detected in addition to other antimicrobial resistance genes. Interestingly, the strain was assigned to serotype O8:H4-fimH97 and was classified within the highly virulent phylogroup B2. CONCLUSION This draft genome can provide helpful information to elucidate genetic features that contribute to colonisation and adaptation of MDR and virulent pathogens in asymptomatic carriers.

Methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A novel strategy for digital dermatitis-associated sole ulcer in a cow – A case report

Sole ulcer (SU) is one of most prevalent causes of lameness in dairy cows, being responsible for negative economic and welfare implications. Early identification and effective treatment are essential to reduce clinical complications [1]. In our understanding, an ideal approach for treatment of infected SUs should not cause side effects, induce antimicrobial resistance or environmental damages, neither lead antibiotic residues in milk or meat. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has arisen as an innovative approach to treat local infections in veterinary practice [2]. aPDT combines a photosensitizer (PS) with light and oxygen. In this study, we investigated methylene blue (MB)-mediated aPDT to treat a dairy cow suffering from an infected SU.