Fabio Celidonio Pogliani

In vitro photoinactivation of bovine mastitis related pathogens

BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis is considered the most important disease of worldwide dairy industry. Treatment of this disease is based on the application intramammary antibiotic, which favors an increase in the number of resistant bacteria in the last decade. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been investigated in different areas of Health Sciences, and has shown great potential for inactivating different pathogens, without any selection of resistant microorganisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PDI in the inactivation of pathogens associated with bovine mastitis. METHODS We tested the effectiveness of PDI against antibiotic resistant strains, isolated from bovine mastitis, from the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, and the alga Prototheca zopfii. Nine experimental groups were evaluated: control, no treatment; light only, irradiation of a red light-emitting diode (λ=662 (20) nm) for 180 s; exposure to 50 μM methylene blue alone for 5 min; and PDI for 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 s. RESULTS S. dysgalactiae, S. aureus, and C. bovis were inactivated after 30s of irradiation, whereas S. agalactiae was inactivated after 120 s and P. zopfii at 180 s of irradiation. CONCLUSION These results show that PDI can be an interesting tool for inactivating pathogens for bovine mastitis.

Photodynamic therapy for pododermatitis in penguins.

Pododermatitis is currently one of most frequent and important clinical complications in seabirds kept in captivity or in rehabilitation centers. In this study, five Magellanic penguins with previous pododermatitis lesions on their footpad were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). All PDT treated lesions successfully regressed and no recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up period. PDT seems to be an inexpensive and effective alternative treatment for pododermatitis in Magellanic penguins encouraging further research on this topic.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for caseous lymphadenitis abscesses in sheep: Report of ten cases.

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 7-Cidade Universitaria, 05508-270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Santos Metropolitan University, Av. Prof. Antonio Manoel de Carvalho, 3935-Morro da Nova Cintra, 11080-300 Santos, SP, Brazil Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade niversitaria, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Center for Lasers and Applications, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitaria, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748-Cidade Universitaria, 05508-900 Sao Paulo, P, Brazil

Tracheal morphometrics in the Thoroughbred horse

Abstract Equine tracheal lesions have been associated with the orotracheal intubation procedure. These lesions may occur because of differences in the dimensions of the endotracheal tube and the trachea. The importance of the dimensions of the trachea for studies on respiratory mechanics and the lesions produced by the endotracheal tubes encouraged us to determine the size of trachea of the Thoroughbred horse. This study determined and compared the length and internal diameters of the tracheas from 59 Thoroughbred horses, 35 males and 34 females, weighing between 400 kg and 500 kg, and free of signs of respiratory or cardiopulmonary diseases. The tracheas were removed from the horses between 2 and 12 hours after death. The internal diameters were measured in tracheal rings one, twenty, forty and the last before the carina. The length of each trachea was measured in both the normal and extended state. The number of tracheal rings was also determined. In the unstretched trachea, the width of the last tracheal ring and the number of tracheal rings were significantly greater in males than females. The results of this study provide information for better design and manufacturing of endotracheal tubes and as basic information for further studies on equine respiratory mechanics.

Avaliação do número de células somáticas do leite de bovinos da raça Jersey durante o primeiro mês de lactação

Com a finalidade de estabelecer os valores de referencia da contagem de celulas somaticas do leite de bovinos da raca Jersey, criados no Estado de Sao Paulo, durante o primeiro mes de lactacao, bem como avaliar a influencia da fase colostral, examinaram-se 418 amostras de leite, provenientes de quartos mamarios sadios e sem crescimento bacteriano. O leite foi colhido assepticamente antes da ordenha e a contagem de celulas somaticas foi determinada por citometria de fluxo e pelo Teste do CMT. Demonstrou-se a significativa influencia do primeiro mes de da lactacao sobre a contagem de celulas. Verificou-se que a transicao da secrecao de colostro para leite em relacao ao numero de celulas somaticas esta finalizado a partir do 15o dia de lactacao, sendo recomendado a adocao dos seguintes valores de referencia: no colostro, obtidos nas primeiras 24 horas de lactacao entre 472.405 e 2.003.921 celulas/ml, no periodo compreendido do 2o ao 15o dia de lactacao valores entre 103.920 e 1.298.361 celulas/ml e a partir do 15o dia de lactacao entre 37.714 e 205.549 celulas/ml.

Influência da gestação e do puerpério no lipidograma de bovinos da raça Holandesa

ABSTRACT In order to establish the influence of gestation and puerperium on the lipid profile of Holstein cattle, the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β -hydroxibutyrate ( β -HBO), and glucose were determined in samples of serum and plasma from 80 animals distributed into five experimental groups (G): G1 – 16 non pregnant females; G2 – 18 females in the initial phase of gestation, up to three months; G3 – 15 pregnant females, with gestation from three to six months; G4 – 15 females in the last stage of gestation, from six to nine months; G5 – 16 females soon after delivering, up to 30 days in puerperium. The lipid profile of healthy Holstein cows was influenced by gestation. The concentration of NEFA was higher in the last trimester of gestation while the serum concentration of β -HBO was higher in the first trimester of gestation. In the first 30 days after delivering, the concentrations of NEFA and β -HBO were higher, while those of triglycerides were lower when compared to those of cows during gestation. Keywords: bovine, lipid profile, gestation, Holstein

Methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A novel strategy for digital dermatitis-associated sole ulcer in a cow – A case report

Sole ulcer (SU) is one of most prevalent causes of lameness in dairy cows, being responsible for negative economic and welfare implications. Early identification and effective treatment are essential to reduce clinical complications [1]. In our understanding, an ideal approach for treatment of infected SUs should not cause side effects, induce antimicrobial resistance or environmental damages, neither lead antibiotic residues in milk or meat. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has arisen as an innovative approach to treat local infections in veterinary practice [2]. aPDT combines a photosensitizer (PS) with light and oxygen. In this study, we investigated methylene blue (MB)-mediated aPDT to treat a dairy cow suffering from an infected SU.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for infectious stomatitis in snakes: Clinical views and microbiological findings

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been broadly investigated as an alternative to treat localized infections, without leading to the selection of resistant microorganisms. Infectious stomatitis is a multifactorial disease frequently reported in captive snakes characterized by infection of the oral mucosa and surrounding tissues. In this study, we investigated methylene blue (MB)-mediated APDT to treat infectious stomatitis in snakes and verified the resistance phenotype and genotype before and after APDT. METHODS Three Boid snakes presented petechiae, edema and caseous material in their oral cavities. MB (0.01%) was applied on the lesions and after 5min they were irradiated using a red laser (λ=660nm), fluence of 280J/cm2, 8J and 80s per point, 100mW, spot size 0.028cm2 and fluence rate of 3.5W/cm2. APDT was repeated once a week during 3 months. Samples of the lesions were collected to identify bacteria and antibiotic resistance profiles. To analyze the clonality of bacterial isolates before and after APDT, isolates were subjected to ERIC PCR analysis. RESULTS Snakes presented clinical improvement such as reduction of inflammatory signs and caseous material. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were present in all snakes; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Morganella morganii were also identified in some animals. We also observed that the oral microbiota was completely replaced following APDT. However, K. pneumoniae isolates before and after APDT were a single clone with 100% of genetic similarity that lost resistance phenotype for seven antibiotics of four classes. CONCLUSIONS These results show that APDT can be used to treat infectious stomatitis in snakes.

Photodynamic therapy in consolidation of carapace fracture in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Sea turtles have great longevity and exhibit a complex life history that includes pronounced changes in their development. All sea turtles species are on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature/IUCN, classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. Among traumatic changes that affect turtles, there are the carapace and plastron fractures that can occur primarily as a result of attacks by predators, boar propellers, among others. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy in consolidation of fracture in a species of green turtles (Chelonia mydas).

Achados ultrassonográficos da glândula mamária de cabras naturalmente infectadas com o vírus da artrite encefalite caprina

A artrite encefalite caprina e uma virose que esta distribuida mundialmente nos rebanhos. Na forma mamaria, e predominante a mastite cronica, que pode causar assimetria e endurecimento do ubere, mais conhecida como mastite endurativa cronica, levando a reducao na producao leiteira. A ultrassonografia e um bom metodo de avaliacao da glândula mamaria, pois consiste em uma tecnica nao invasiva, rapida e de facil aplicacao. Este estudo objetivou avaliar as caracteristicas ultrassonograficas (escala de cinza, ecogenicidade e homogeneidade) do parenquima mamario de 20 cabras sororreagentes e 20 nao sororreagentes para o virus da artrite encefalite caprina. Observou-se que o diâmetro medio dos linfonodos retromamarios de animais sororreagentes (0,72cm) para o virus da artrite encefalite caprina foi menor (P=0,02) que o dos animais nao sororreagentes (0,93cm). Na analise entre as porcoes do ubere, os valores da escala de cinza do terco distal da porcao caudal do parenquima mamario foram maiores nos animais sororreagentes (P 0,05), exibindo em sua maioria padroes hipoecoicos e heterogeneos. Diante dos resultados, o presente estudo aponta indicios de que a artrite encefalite caprina pode causar alteracoes na escala de cinza mensuraveis pela ultrassonografia, a qual pode ser utilizada como metodo auxiliar eficiente e nao invasivo no monitoramento e diagnostico precoce da mastite endurativa.