Fernando José Benesi

Viral DNA sequences in peripheral blood and vertical transmission of the virus: a discussion about BPV-1

This study has detected BPV-1 DNA sequences in wart, blood and plasma samples collected from animals affected by papillomatosis, suggesting viral presence inside the cell. We sellected an animal in which we could detect BPV-1 DNA sequences in wart, blood, placenta and amniotic liquid samples and her offspring which presented BPV-1 DNA sequences in blood sample collected immediately after birth. These results show a possible vertical transmission of BPV-1.

Valores de referência do leucograma de bovinos da raça Jersey criados no Estado de São Paulo

Estabeleceram-se os valores de referencia do leucograma de bovinos da raca Jersey, criados no Estado de Sao Paulo, avaliando-se a influencia exercida pelos fatores etarios em amostras de sangue colhidas de 253 femeas clinicamente sadias e nao-reagentes ao antigeno do Virus da Leucose dos Bovinos. Nas amostras de sangue, que continham EDTA como anticoagulante, foi realizada a contagem do numero total de leucocitos, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o liquido de Thoma como diluidor e a contagem diferencial de leucocitos, efetuada em esfregacos sanguineos, corados pelo metodo de Rosenfeld. Demonstrou-se que o leucograma desses bovinos sofria influencia dos fatores etarios. O numero total de leucocitos e linfocitos aumentou ate 12 meses de idade, estabilizando-se entre 12 e 24 meses, para, a seguir, diminuir, progressivamente, com o desenvolvimento etario, sendo o quadro leucocitario predominantemente linfocitario. Essas variacoes foram atribuidas, principalmente, ao comportamento do numero absoluto de linfocitos. O numero absoluto do total de neutrofilos nao demonstrou variacoes significativas que pudessem ser atribuidas a influencia dos fatores etarios, mas o numero absoluto de neutrofilos com nucleo em bastonete foi maior nos bezerros com ate 6 meses de idade. O numero absoluto de eosinofilos aumentou gradativamente com o desenvolvimento etario, nao se observando variacoes significativas do numero absoluto de basofilos e monocitos. Os valores de referencia determinados para o leucograma, expressos em numeros absolutos, foram os seguintes: leucocitos- 11.847 ± 3.374 celulas/mm3; neutrofilos bastonete- 80 ± 122 celulas/mm3; neutrofilos segmentado- 2.457 ± 1.311 celulas/mm3; total de neutrofilos- 2.537 ± 1.354 celulas/mm3; eosinofilos- 335 ± 415 celulas /mm3; basofilos- 84 ± 108 celulas/mm3; linfocitos- 8.716 ± 3.028 celulas/mm3; monocitos- 174 ± 132 celulas/mm3.

Valores de referência do eritrograma de bovinos da raça Jersey criados no Estado de São Paulo

In order to determine erythrogram reference values for Jersey cattle raised in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and the influence of bovine of leukosis virus (BLV), 253 BLV-negative blood samples were obtained from clinically healthy females. Samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to erythrocyte counting (Neubauer chamber; Gower diluent), determination of the packed cell volume (microhematocrit), evaluation of hemoglobin content (cyanmethemoglobin) and calculation of MCV (mean capsular volume), MCH (mean capsular hemoglobin) and MCHC (mean capsular hemoglobin concentration). Results showed influence of age on the erythrogram values. The number of erythrocytes and packed cell volume were significantly higher in younger animals, while the hemoglobin content did not vary with age. The reference values for erythrocyte counts were respectively, 6.62±1.47 cells ´ 106/mm3; 31.6±3.5% e 10.45±1.29g/dl. The mean results for the absolute erythrocytic indexes increased with age, the reference values of MCV, MCH and MCHC were, respectively, 49,18±8.28mm3, 16.37±3,37pg e 33.14±2.57%

Hematological values of Cebus apella anesthetized with ketamine

Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 124 macacos-prego (Cebus apella) da Fundacao Parque Zoologico de Sao Paulo, anestesiados com quetamina (10 mg/kg, IM), com a finalidade de determinar os seguintes parâmetros hematologicos: contagens globais de hemacias e leucocitos, contagem diferencial de leucocitos, hematocrito, hemoglobina e indices hematimetricos (VCM, HCM e CHCM), expressos em media e desvio padrao. Estudou-se a influencia do sexo e da idade sobre os referidos parâmetros.

Proteinograma sérico de bezerras sadias, da raça holandesa, no primeiro mês pós-nascimento

Com a finalidade de estabelecer valores de referencia do proteinograma serico e avaliar o efeito do fator etario, estudaram-se amostras de soro sanguineo de 300 bezerras sadias, da raca Holandesa, no primeiro mes pos-nascimento, distribuidas por 15 grupos etarios. O teor serico de proteina total foi minimo nos animais com ate oito horas de idade, aumentando progressivamente ate o 4o dia, quando alcancou o valor maximo seguindo, entao, com pequenas oscilacoes ate o 30o dia. Os teores de albumina serica apresentaram pequenas elevacoes a partir das 24 horas de vida, sendo o aumento significativo apos 13 a 15 dias e mantendo-se ate os 30 dias de idade, quando registrou-se o valor maximo. As taxas sericas de alfaglobulina nao demonstraram variacoes significativas entre os grupos etarios. Os teores de betaglobulina serica aumentaram progressivamente ate sete a nove dias pos-nascimento, quando alcancaram um valor maximo, sendo este seguido por pequenas variacoes ate o final das observacoes. A concentracao serica de gamaglobulina que foi minima ate oito horas de idade, evoluiu com aumentos significativos ate dois dias de idade, quando atingiu um valor maximo, tendo estabilidade dos valores ate o 11o dia de idade e, na sequencia, apresentou queda progressiva das taxas ate os 30 dias. A relacao albumina:globulina evidenciou um valor maximo nos animais com ate oito horas de idade, seguido por queda significativa ate os dois dias pos-nascimento, quando passou a apresentar valores relativamente estaveis mantidos ate os 15 dias de idade, demonstrando entao tendencia a aumentos ate o final do periodo de estudo. Todos os componentes do proteinograma, com excecao da fracao alfaglobulina, apresentaram variacoes influenciadas pela idade.

TEMPO DE VIABILIDADE DE AMOSTRAS DE SANGUE VENOSO BOVINO DESTINADAS AO EXAME HEMOGASOMÉTRICO, QUANDO MANTIDAS SOB CONSERVAÇÃO EM ÁGUA GELADA

In order to verify the viability of blood gas analysis in bovine venous blood stored on ice water bath, two samples (10ml each) were taken from the jugular vein of 14 healthy animals (7 males and 7 females), 1- to 5-year-old, using plastic syringes and attached needles filled with sodium heparin (1,000IU). The blood samples were obtained anaerobically, the air bubbles observed were immediately removed, and the needle was maintened capped with a rubber stopper. Each syringe of the pair was distinctally stored at room temperature (23-30oC) or in ice water bath (0-4oC) during the experimental period. Values of pH, carbon dioxide (PvCO2) and oxigen (PvO2) tensions, bicarbonate (HCO3-), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), base excess (BE), standard bicarbonate (StB), oxigen saturation (SatO2), and oxigen content (O2) were determined soon after sampling and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours. According to the type of storage temperature, the results were analysed through repeated measurements ANOVA, considering the contrast between the mean value of each time and the initial one. On the storage at room temperature, the in vitro changes were characterized from continuous decreases in pH, PvO2, BE, StB, SatO2, and O2 values, and gradual increase in PvCO2, starting at 2- or 3-hour after the collection. In the samples stored at 0-4oC, on the other hand, the changes in pH occurred only at the 4th hour, and the stability of the PvCO2, BE, and StB values were maintened for up to the 6th hour. These results indicated that the diagnostic utility of blood gas analysis is conserved in bovine venous blood samples adequately stored up to 6 hours in ice water bath, at 0-4oC.

Efeito da idade sobre o equilíbrio ácido-básico de bezerras sadias no primeiro mês de vida

Venous blood samples of 300 healthy female Holstein calves were used to study the effect of the age on the acid-base balance in the neonatal period. The calves were divided in 15 age groups: from birth to 8 h; 8 to 16 h; 16 to 24 h; 2 d; 3 d; 4 d; 5 d; 6 and 7 d; 8 and 9 d; 10 and 11 d; 12 and 13 d; 14 and 15 d; 16 to 20 d; 21 to 25 d; and 26 to 30 d. Blood pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, TCO2, BE, StB and SatO2 values were measured and the results were analysed through ANOVA. The correlation between the variables and age in the first day of life was studied. The influence of the type of parturition (normal versus assisted or dystocic) on the acid-base status was compared. Blood pH and pCO2 values were respectivelly lower and higher in the first age group; BE and StB were reduced in the first 16 h of life, showing a trend to increase up to the 5th day of life. The older the calf, in the first day of life, the higher the blood pH, BE, and StB; the lower the blood pCO2. Few changes occurred in the acid-base status of calves born from different types of parturition. These results reforced the evidence that mixed acidosis presented at birth tend to be reverted during the first days of life. The acid-base vriables remained stable along the rest of the neonatal period.

Dinâmica da celularidade do colostro de vacas da raça Holandesa no pós-parto imediato

Avaliou-se a celularidade do colostro de 53 vacas da raca Holandesa, utilizando-se 171 amostras, colhidas apos a primeira e a segunda ordenha pos-parto. Para a analise citologica quantitativa e qualitativa, foram utilizadas as tecnicas de microscopia direta e citocentrifugacao. O total de leucocitos obtido por contagem microscopica direta foi de 0,878x106 e 1,260x106, antes da primeira e da segunda ordenha, respectivamente, e os valores da mediana dos fagocitos obtidos antes da primeira e da segunda ordenha foram de 0,657 e 0,828x106 leucocitos mononucleares, e 0,178 e 0,392x106 leucocitos polimorfonucleares (P<0,0001). Os valores da mediana dos tipos leucocitarios, antes da primeira e da segunda ordenha, foram: 0,640x106 e 0,772 monocitos/celulas epiteliais; 0,136x106 e 0,098 linfocitos; 0,045x106 e 0,203x106 neutrofilos, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o colostro bovino da segunda ordenha apresentou aumento da quantidade de celulas somaticas e leucocitos polimorfonucleares/mL de colostro. Essas variacoes podem estar relacionadas a importância do colostro aos neonatos, ou a modificacoes fisiologicas e de defesa da glândula mamaria, durante o periodo de adaptacao dela.

Influência dos fatores sexuais e etários sobre a proteína total, fração albumina e atividade sérica de aspartato-aminotransferase e gama-glutamiltransferase de ovinos da raça Santa Inês

This work establishes reference values for serum protein and albumin and serum activities of AST and GGT of Santa Ines sheep and evaluates the sexual and age influence on these values. Blood samples were collected from 161 clinically healthy sheep. The results allowed to establish the following reference values 5,86 + 0,96 g/dL (P>;0,05) for serum protein, 2,33+0,43 g/dL (P>;0,05) for albumin, 63,25+27,52 U/L (P>;0,05) for AST and 28,45+14,53 U/L (P>;0,05) for GGT. The results analysis also allowed concluding that age and sex influence on albumin serum concentrations and AST serum activity and that GGT serum activity suffer age influence.

Teste de tuberculinização em caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente sensibilizados

The tuberculin skin test was established with the aim to be applied in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in experimentally sensitized goats. Thirty goats were alocated into three groups with ten animals each. The animals in group A were sensitized with Mycobacterium avium sample D4; group B with Mycobacterium bovis sample AN5; and group C (control) was inoculated with saline solution. The results of the simple cervical test after 72h of bovine tuberculin inoculation was interpreted as follow: positive reaction, when there was an increase in the skin fold thickness greater than 3.9mm; suspicious, when from 1.8 to 3.8mm; and negative when less than 1.7mm. The analysis of the results of the comparative cervical test between M. avium and M. bovis and analysed, 72h after tuberculin, indicated positive reactions, when the increase in skin fold thickness induced by M. bovis was greater than that one induced by the avian tuberculin at least 2.5mm; it was considered suspicious when the difference between the bovine and avian tuberculin reactions was from 1.9 to 2.4mm; and negative when this difference was smaller than 1.8mm. The histological evaluation of the local specific tuberculin response, were performed in skin samples collected from five goats in group A, five in group B, and four in group C, the results were the presence of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate at 96h after tuberculin inoculation.