Claudio Yuji Tsutsumi

Screening of melon populations for resistance to Didymella bryoniae in greenhouse and plastic tunnel conditions

ABSTRACT Studies were carried out to evaluate melon populations for resistance to Gummy Stem Blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae for use in breeding programs under greenhouse and plastic tunnel conditions. Were evaluated reactions of half-sib populations of PI 140471 and Ano no 2 had as with susceptible check Eldorado 300. Plants were inoculated 45 days for needle prickling followed by application of 0.05 ml of 5.0 x 10 5 spores/ml suspension in axis of third and fourth true leaves.Resistance evaluation was made after 90 days of age using a scale varying one to five. PI 140471 and Ano no 2 progenies were found superior and differed significantly with the checker Eldorado 300 for the F Test. Ano no 2 possessing multiple resistance to diseases and desirable commercial characteristics, constituted the best resistance source to be used in breeding programs . Key words: Cucumis melo , gummy stem blight, plant breeding, disease resistance ∗ Author for correspondence INTRODUCTION Gummy Stem Blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm., is considered a disease of increase importance in melon culture, due to intense commercial exploration of these cucurbit. The fungus can infect any tissue and in any stadium of development of plant, showing a great variety of symptoms as leaves stains, stems canker, decay of plant and black rottenness of fruits (Chiu and Walker, 1949). The control of D. bryoniae has been made through use of fungicides. However, this method has not been presenting satisfactory results due to resistance developed by fungus after short period of use of these fungicides (Malathrakis and Vakalounakis, 1983). Consequently, the ideal method for the pathogen control is development of resistant varieties. None of the commercially sowed varieties in Brazil presents resistance to gummy stem blight. Sowell et al. (1966) reported a high resistance level in PI 140471, a native wild melon of Texas, compatible with commercial types of melon. Norton and Prasad (1967) found that the resistance of PI 140471 was controlled by a pair of genes, Mc mc . Other investigations demonstrated a moderate resistance in the improved lines C#1 and C#8 of melon Auburn Cantaloup, controlled by a pair of independent genes denominated Mc

Evaluation of Different Pre-Slaughter Light Intensities and Fasting Duration in Broilers

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of light intensity (0, 5 or 20 lx) and different pre-slaughter feed fasting duration (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours) on the parameters body weight loss, carcass yield, commercial cuts yield, water carcass retention, bacterial counts and breast meat pH. A number of 72 broiler chickens at 45 days of age (Cobb 500 strain) was distributed in three chambers, in a total of 24 broilers per chamber. The results showed that feed fasting significantly influenced (p 0.05). The presence of feed in the crop and gizzard did not depend on light intensity, but was affected by pre-slaughter feed fasting duration. Bacterial counts decreased with feed fasting duration (p<0.05).

Production of Lettuce Seedlings with Association of Diazotrophic Bacteria and Humic Acids

The objective of this work was to verify the responses in agronomic and physiological characters of lettuce seedlings when submitted to different doses of humic acids and the presence or absence of inoculation of the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was carried out at the Protected Cultivation Station and Biological Control Teacher Mario Cesar Lopes, belonging to the Experimental Stations Nucleus of the State University of the West of Parana. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, totaling 40 plots. The first factor consisted of five solutions containing humic acid (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%) and the second factor was the presence or absence of the diazotrophic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense obtained by commercial product. Germination tests were carried out in addition to the determination of agronomic characters such as the number of fully expanded leaves, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass, and Dickson quality index. The association of diazotrophic bacteria and humic acids did not influence the emergency rate, mean emergence time, mean speed of emergency, emergence speed index, plant height, and root length of lettuce seedlings. The dilutions of humic acids, regardless of inoculation with bacteria diazotrophic favored the development of the number of leaves, stem diameter and Dickson quality index. Inoculation of lettuce seeds with diazotrophic bacteria associated with the addition of humic acids, favored the development of the dry mass of root and total dry matter.

Produção de gladíolo submetido a ácido giberélico em ambiente protegido

1. Manuscript received in Jul./2016 and accepted for publication in Dec./2016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4642418). 2. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil. E-mails: maristelacarvalho@gmail.com, fvilla2003@libero.it, claudiotsutsumi@unioeste.br. 3. Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologias, Cascavel, PR, Brazil. E-mail: pe.nataliaa@gmail.com. Gladiolus is an important cut flower commercialized in Brazil, and the use of gibberellic acid (GA3) to cultivate it in a protected environment may promote the production of high quality flower spikes. This study aimed at evaluating the production of flower spikes and corms of gladiolus (‘White Friendship’ cultivar) submitted to high concentrations and application methods of gibberellic acid, in a protected environment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, being two application methods (foliar spraying and corm soaking) and four concentrations (0 mg L-1, 250 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1 and 1,000 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid, with six replications and two plants per experimental unit. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, marketable harvest point of flower spikes, number of florets per flower spike, flower panicle length, stem and floret diameter, corm perimeter, number of cormels per plant and production of corm fresh matter and leaf dry matter, flower spikes, corms and cormels. High concentrations of GA3 are not recommended for the production of flower spikes and corms of the gladiolus ‘White Friendship’ cultivar. The corm soaking application method anticipates the harvest of flower spikes and produces a higher number of cormels per plant. Regardless of the application method, the concentration of 550 mg L-1 of GA3 increases the cormel yield of the ‘White Friendship’ cultivar.

Efeito do uso de sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo sobre a produção de leite no estado do Paraná

The aim of this study was evaluate the use of adiabatic evaporative cooling system (AECS) of air as an alternative to improve the thermal environment, aiming the milk production (MP) of cows with production levels of 15 and 35 kg day -1 . The climatological data of air temperature and relative humidity used to estimate Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and MP were collected in the IAPAR (Instituto Agronomico do Parana) meteorological field stations from Parana State. The use of AECS of air provides a significant reduction in the THI values, in all locations and periods of the years, which resulted in improvements in MP. For the East, North and West Regions, from December to February, were observed loss of MP to high producing animals (35 kg day -1 ) however, after simulation using AECS of air, there was an increase in estimated production milk of 6.3%, 9.5% and 9.4%, respectively. The lower efficiency of using AECS for the East Regions can be related to the high values of relative humidity observed, which reduce the efficiency of air AECS. Thus, the most suitable environment conditions provided by AECS justify its use, since observed each local condition, month and animal category.

Utilização de sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo visando à produção de ovos no Estado do Paraná

The aim of this study was evaluate the use of evaporative cooling system (ECS) of air as an alternative to improve the thermal environment, aiming at egg production (EP) of Rhode Island Red laying hens (2.25 kg). The climatological data of air temperature and relative humidity used to estimate Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and EP were collected in the IAPAR (Instituto Agronomico do Parana) meteorological field stations from Parana State. The use of ECS of air provides a significant reduction in the THI values, in all locations and periods of the years studied. Considering the average values, the THI of 65.99 can be reduced to 62.52 when it cooling the air. The annual EP ranged from 0.748 and 0.784. When utilizing the ECS of air was possible to get EP between 0.779 and 0.792. In North region, the use of ECS of air results in EP of 0.784, compared to 0.739 without cooling. In this way, the ECS of air provided a significant increase in the annual EP, except to South region, where was observed low annual temperature values.

Níveis de energia metabolizável e lisina digestível para o desempenho de pintos de corte de 1 a 10 dias de idade

Trabalho selecionado durante a VI Semana de Ciencias Agrarias (VI SECIAGRA), realizada de 01 a 03/10/2012 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible lysine (DL) on the final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio for broilers from 1 to 10 days old. A total of 1,152 male broiler chicks with an average weight of 55 g were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, involving four levels of ME (2700, 2825, 2950, and 3075 kcal.kg -1 ) and four levels of DL (1.08, 1.187, 1.295 and 1.403%), resulting in 16 treatments with three replications and 24 chicks per experimental unit. The levels of digestible lysine and metabolizable energy acted independently in the performance of broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase, in which the energy levels provided a linear growth (P <0.05) in final weight and weight gain, and quadratic effect (P <0.05) on feed intake and feed conversion. The levels of digestible lysine had quadratic effect (P <0.05) on the final weight, weight gain and feed conversion, and linear growth (P <0.05) on feed intake. The performance results indicate that, for broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase, the level of digestible lysine is 1.27% for greater weight gain and 1.22% for feed conversion, and the ideal level of metabolizable energy for weight gain and feed conversion is 3075 kcal.kg -1 .