Daniel Fernandes da Silva

Germinação de pólen e aplicação de ácido bórico em botões florais de nespereiras

This study aimed to establish a culture media and evaluate pollen grains germination in vitro and after boron applying in the panicles of Loquat cultivars. Was established an appropriate culture media for pollen grains germination and evaluated the germination percentage in Mizauto cultivar. Was also evaluated the best stage of floral growth and the best period of the day to collect the pollen, beyond the evaluation of incubation time for their germination. After established the appropriate culture media, it was determined the germination of 9 cultivars: Mizauto, Mizuho, Fukuhara, Parmogi, Centenaria, Kurisaki, Nectar de Cristal, Mizumo and Precoce de Campinas. On the field, was evaluated the applying of boric acid with different concentrations 600, 1200 and 1800 mg L -1 and without applying on the panicles of Mizauto cultivar. The culture media established was composed by 200 g L -1 of sucrose, 1200 mg L -1 of boric acid, solidified with 10 g L -1 of Agar and pH 6, and incubated during seven hours. The best stage of floral bud was in pre-anthesis, collected between two and six pm. The applying of 900 mg L -1

Light spectrum on the quality of fruits of physalis species in subtropical area

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of colored-shade nets on the physicochemical characteristics of physalis in subtropical area. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with a 4 × 5 factorial, being four species of physalis (Physalis peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four net colors (white, blue, red and black), besides the control under full sun. Titratable acidity (TA), pH, vitamin C, soluble solids (SS), SS/TA relation, total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. It was observed that P. peruviana and P. pubescens have more acid fruits, and P. minima shows vitamin C content higher than the other species. In general, fruits of P. peruviana and P. pubescens have better quality when grown in white, blue or black shade net; fruits of P. minima are physicochemically superior when produced under full sun or under white or blue shade net; finally, fruits of P. ixocarpa have low quality when produced under black net.

Caracterização morfológica e química de frutos de cambucizeiro

O cambucizeiro (Campomanesia phaea), pertencente a familia Myrtaceae, e uma planta nativa da Mata Atlântica brasileira. A descricao das caracteristicas dos frutos de cambucizeiro e importante para subsidiar novos trabalhos de melhoramento genetico e sua exploracao comercial, principalmente no que tange ao processamento dos frutos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a caracterizacao morfologica e quimica de frutos de cambucizeiro. Cinquenta e oito acessos, oriundos de diferentes locais da Mata Atlântica e Serra do Mar paulista, foram coletados, propagados por sementes e um exemplar de cada acesso encontra-se no Nucleo de Producao de Mudas de Sao Bento do Sapucai (SP). Quarenta frutos de cada acesso foram coletados no mes de maio e submetidos as seguintes analises: diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, massa fresca total dos frutos, numero e massa das sementes, solidos soluveis totais, % acido citrico, ratio, firmeza, vitamina C e coloracao. A conformidade dos frutos varia intensamente entre os acessos. O numero de sementes nao e um bom indicativo para a relacao com a massa do fruto, mas sim a massa de mil sementes. Alguns acessos possuem elevado teor de solidos soluveis, mas, por outro lado, a grande maioria possui frutos com elevada acidez. Cambuci e uma excelente fonte de vitamina C. Os frutos dos acessos sao de coloracao verde, persistindo uma tonalidade opaca quando maduros.

Desempenho de substratos na capacidade de enraizamento de estacas de oliveiras

Plant cutting is a widely used propagation method for olive trees. Its viability depends on the capacity for the adventitious root formation of each species. Nevertheless, it is necessary to study the different characteristics of this process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of substrates on the rooting of semi hardwood stem cuttings of ten olive tree cultivars. Middle sized branches were collected from mother plants located in the Germplasm Bank of EPAMIG in Maria da Fe, MG, Brazil, and cuttings were prepared of approximately 12 cm in length, with 4-6 internodes, maintaining four leaves in the apical region. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with tree replications and 20 cuttings per plot. The experiment was conducted in greenhouses, in rooting plant beds containing a perlite and sand substrate with controlled intermittent water mist. After installation of the experiment, treatment was carried out with copper oxychloride solution at 3% to prevent possible fungus attacks. Evaluations were performed 70 days after cutting of the varieties. There was variation in rooting of olive tree cultivar cuttings. Better performance of sand was observed in the production of cuttings of olive tree cultivars Alto D’Ouro, JB1 and Galega which were also the cultivars that stood out among the genotypes studied.

Viabilidade polínica e quantificação de grãos de pólen em espécies de fisális

O objetivo do trabalho foi elaborar um meio de cultura para avaliacao da viabilidade polinica e determinar o numero de graos de polen por antera e por flor de especies de fisalis. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de forma sequencial, onde graos de polen de Physalis (P. angulata, P. ixocarpa, P. minima, P. peruviana e P. pubescens) foram submetidos a germinacao em meio de cultura desenvolvido em quatro fases: verificacao da concentracao de agar e pH, concentracao de sacarose, nitrato de calcio e acido borico. Para a contagem de graos de polen, cinco anteras foram coletadas entre cinco especimes representativos de cada especie, deixadas em repouso para ocorrencia da deiscencia e posteriormente adicionado acido latico, para melhoria da visualizacao do grao de polen. Apos 48 horas o numero de graos de polen foi quantificado com auxilio de câmara de Neubauer e o numero de graos de polen por antera determinado por formula pre-estabelecida. Observou-se que todas as especies possuem comportamento semelhante quanto as suas exigencias para germinacao do grao de polen, sendo o pH do meio em torno de 5,4 e a concentracao de agar de 8 g L-1; todas as especies mostram dependencia de calcio e boro para uma melhor viabilidade polinica, destacando-se P. minima em que a adicao de boro nao propiciou elevacao acentuada na porcentagem de germinacao. Quanto ao numero de graos de polen as especies podem ser divididas em dois grupos, com P. angulata, P. peruviana e P. pubescens com maior numero de graos de polen por antera e por flor em relacao a P. ixocarpa e P. minima.

X-ray test in the evaluation of seed quality of physalis at different stages of development

Injuries in the internal structures of the seeds limit their viability and can reduce their vigor, producing weak seedlings susceptible to adverse conditions. Thus, the determination of the quality of seeds of Physalis peruviana L. by X-ray test is valid, in order to reduce the time separation of seeds and a good initial establishment of the culture. Considering the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of physalis seeds at different stages of development of fruit by X-ray test. The seeds were removed and separated into lots according to the fruit maturation stage, being fruits with intermediate maturity (50% of the ripe fruit), completely ripe fruits and completely ripe fruits subjected to seven days of rest after harvest. Posteriorly they were subjected to X-rays for determination of seed quality. The experimental design consisted of eight replicates of one hundred seeds per lot. Physalis fruit seeds with 50% maturation have lower morphophysiological quality when compared to seeds extracted from completely ripe fruits. Seed vigor is greater when the fruits are subjected to rest for seven days. The X-ray test is efficient for selection of non-viable seed of physalis.Injuries in the internal structures of the seeds limit their viability and can reduce their vigor, producing weak seedlings susceptible to adverse conditions. Thus, the determination of the quality of seeds of Physalis peruviana L. by X-ray test is valid, in order to reduce the time separation of seeds and a good initial establishment of the culture. Considering the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of physalis seeds at different stages of development of fruit by X-ray test. The seeds were removed and separated into lots according to the fruit maturation stage, being fruits with intermediate maturity (50% of the ripe fruit), completely ripe fruits and completely ripe fruits subjected to seven days of rest after harvest. Posteriorly they were subjected to X-rays for determination of seed quality. The experimental design consisted of eight replicates of one hundred seeds per lot. Physalis fruit seeds with 50% maturation have lower morphophysiological quality when compared to seeds extracted from completely ripe fruits. Seed vigor is greater when the fruits are subjected to rest for seven days. The X-ray test is efficient for selection of non-viable seed of physalis.

Germinação e crescimento inicial de mudas de espécies não convencionais de fisális em diferentes substratos e ambientes

The use of substrates and environments is an important factor to be considered in determining the quality of germination and seedling growing of species of physalis. Given the above, the objective with this study was to evaluate the germination and early crowing of two non-conventional species of physalis, subjected to different environments and substrates. Were conducted two simultaneous experiments in the period from March to May / 2014 in Unioeste, PR. The experimental design used in the first experiment was a randomized, 2x3 factorial (2 physalis species: Physalis minima, Physalis ixocarpa x 3 environments: protect environment with plastic cover of 150 µm, greenhouse with 50% of shading and full sun) blocks containing 3 replicates and 50 seeds per experimental plot. The design of the second experiment was randomized, 2x4 factorial (2 physalis species: Physalis minima, Physalis ixocarpa x 4 substrates: expanded vermiculite of medium texture + latossol, Humus Fertil ® + latossol, washed sand of fine texture + latossol and Humus Fertil ® + expanded vermiculite of medium texture, in proportion 1:1 v:v) blocks containing three replicates of 32 seeds per experimental plot. Was monitored by 22 days the experiments to obtain the emergence speed index. 60 days after the sowing was evaluated seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry biomass of seedlings. We conclude that, agricultural greenhouse and greenhouse of shade net providing emergence speed index of Physalis minima and Physalis Ixocarpa without distinction between these environments. Seedlings of P. ixocarpa should be produced in agricultural greenhouse, using as substrate mix of Humus fertil ® commercial substrate + expanded vermiculite or latosol + vermiculite. Seedlings of P. minima must be produced in a mixture of Humus Fertil ® + vermiculite under agricultural greenhouse with or under shade net.

Productive and qualitative parameters of of Physalis species cultivated under colored shade nets

1PhD student in Applied Botany, Universidade Federal de LavrasMG. E-mail: daniel_eafi@yahoo.com.br ; joycerodrigues01@yahoo.com.br 2 Professor D.Sc, Universidade Federal de LavrasMG. E-mail: rafaelpio@hotmail.com.br 3 Professor D.Sc, Università per stranieri di Perugia. Italia. E-mail: maurizio.micheli@unipg.it 4 Post doctoral researcher in Universidade Federal de LavrasMG. E-mail: adantins@yahoo.com.br 5 PhD student in Crop Science, Universidade Federal de LavrasMG. E-mail: paulyene@gmail.com Abstract The genus Physalis L. has great importance in the framework of Brazilian biodiversity especially in the Amazon region. The use of colored shading nets allow manipulating the light spectrum, and thus supplying the appropriate quantity and quality of light for each species and maximizing production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of shade nets on fruit production and qualitative parameters of four species belonging to genus Physalis. The experimental design was random blocks with a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, four species of Physalis (P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa) and four colors of shade nets (white, blue, red and black), besides the control treatment under full sun exposure. Fruits were collected weekly and evaluated for longitudinal and transversal diameter and biomass with and without a calyx. Finally the percentage of calyx biomass compared to the total fruit biomass, number of fruits per plant and production were determined. A differentiated response was found among the species regarding the coloring of the converter shade nets. Plants of P. peruviana had the best productive and qualitative parameters of fruits when cultivated in full sunlight or under white shade nets, P. pubescens and P. minima when cultivated in full sunlight or under white and blue shade nets, and P. ixocarpa under red or black shade nets.

Initial development of Physalis seedlings in substrates and containers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens in containers and substrates, as well as the growth of transplanted P. pubescens seedlings into different containers and substrates. It was used for transplanting experiment (E1) plastic bags, disposable plastic glasses and plastic tubes containing four substrates: oxisol; commercial substrate; commercial substrate + fine washed sand; and commercial substrate + oxisol + fine washed sand. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E2) it was used polystyrene and polypropylene trays, both with 200 cells containing two substrates: vermiculite + commercial substrate and vermiculite + oxisol. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E3), it was used polystyrene trays with 128 and 200 cells and plastic tubes containing four substrates: commercial substrate, oxisol, fine washed sand, oxisol + fine washed sand and oxisol + fine washed sand + commercial substrate. The experimental design used in E1, E2 and E3 was randomized blocks in factorial 3x4, 2x2, and 3x5, respectively, containing 4 replicates and 10 plants per plot. The use of commercial substrate Humus Fertil® for P. pubescens seedlings transplanted from seedbed to containers such as plastic glasses or plastic bags provides better seedling growth. For Physalis peruviana, better results are verified in the use of polypropylene tubes containing washed fine sand + commercial substrate Humus Fertil® + oxisol or washed fine sand + oxisol. Better results for formation of P. pubescens seedlings were verified by using expanded polystyrene trays containing oxisol + vermiculite mixture.

Resultados preliminares de tipos de anelamento em diferentes épocas em plantas de oliveira

Girdling consists of elimination of a small part of the cortex around a pre-selected branch, this technique being successfully applied in fruit trees. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of girdling period and types on branches of olive cultivars on their vegetative development and fructification. The study was conducted at the Epamig Experimental Farm, located in the municipality of Maria da Fe, MG, Brazil. Activities began in March 2012, with use of 7-year-old plants of the Ascolano 315, Grappolo 541 and Maria da Fe cultivars. Three periods were assessed (March, April and May/12) and two types of girdling (10 and 15 mm), plus the control (without girdling). A randomized block experimental design was used with a split plot, three replications and one plant per plot. After girdling, the branches of the plants were assessed, with mean branch length (m), branch diameter near the girdle (mm), diameter of the branch base (mm) and fruit harvest (kg) as variables. It was concluded that the girdling technique did not affect the length and diameter of the branches of the three cultivars. Superior results were found in olive tree branches girdling in March and May. The fruits collected were positively affected by girdling of the branches.