Fatchiyah

Maternal high‐fat diet promotes onset of diabetes in rat offspring

The onset and progression of type II diabetes is closely related to environmental factors, in particular dietary habit. Moreover, the environmental exposures very early in life can influence the risk for development of type II diabetes later in life. In this study, we investigated pathophysiological changes in the pups of maternal Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) throughout gestation and lactation. Maternal SDT rats were continued on HFD for 5 weeks, from day 8 of gestation to day 21 after birth, and biological analyses of the pups were performed from 2 to 22 weeks of age. Results of serum lipid levels in pups from dams fed HFD were higher than pups from dams fed a standard diet, and the onset of diabetes was significantly accelerated in pups from dams fed HFD. In pathological analyses, pups from dams fed HFD showed increases in liver weight and vacuolation of hepatic cells at 2 weeks of age. In conclusion, the metabolic disorder of lipids and glucose in SDT rats is closely related to the nutritional condition of dams during the periods of gestation and lactation.

CSN1S2 protein of goat milk inhibits the decrease of viability and increases the proliferation of MC3T3E1 pre-osteoblast cell in methyl glyoxal exposure

Objective To investigate whether the CNS1S2 protein of goat milk is able to inhibit the toxicity of methyl glyoxal (MG) towards MC3T3E1 pre-osteoblast cells.

Methylation impact analysis of erythropoietin (EPO) Gene to hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that play a role as key regulator in the production of red blood cells. The promoter region of EPO is methylated in normoxic (non-hypoxia) condition, but not in hypoxic condition. Methylation of the EPO enhancer region decline the transcription activity of EPO gene. The aim of this study is to investigate how different methylation percentage affected on the regulation and transcriptional activity of EPO gene. The DNA sequence of erythropoietin gene and protein sequence was retrieved from the sequence database of NCBI. DNA structure was constructed using 3D-DART web server and modeling structure of HIF1 predicted using SWISS-MODEL web server. Methylated DNA sequence of EPO gene using performed with YASARA View software and docking of EPO gene and transcription factor HIF1 analyzed by using HADDOCK webserver. Our result showed that binding energy in 46% methylated DNA was higher (-161,45 kcal/mol) than in unmethylated DNA (-194,16 kcal/mol) and 8% methylated DNA (-175,94 kcal/mol). So, we presume that a silencing mechanism of the Epo gene by methylation is correlated with the binding energy, which is required for interaction. A higher methylation percentage correlates with a higher binding energy which can cause an unstable interaction between DNA and transcription factor. In conclution, methylation of promoter and enhancer region of Epo gene leads to silencing.

Proteomic analysis of immunogenic proteins from salivary glands of Aedes aegypti

Humans develop anti-salivary proteins after arthropod bites or exposure to insect salivary proteins. This reaction indicates that vector bites have a positive effect on the host immune response, which can be used as epidemiological markers of exposure to the vector. Our previous study identified two immunogenic proteins with molecular weights of 31 kDa and 56 kDa from salivary gland extract (SGE) of Aedes aegypti that cross-reacted with serum samples from Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) patients and healthy people in an endemic area (Indonesia). Serum samples from individuals living in non-endemic area (sub-tropical country) and infants did not show the immunogenic reactions. The objective of this research was to identify two immunogenic proteins, i.e., 31 and 56 kDa by using proteomic analysis. In this study, proteomic analysis resulted in identification of 13 proteins and 7 proteins from the 31 kDa- and 56 kDa-immunogenic protein bands, respectively. Among those proteins, the D7 protein (Arthropode Odorant-Binding Protein, AOBP) was the most abundant in 31-kDa band, and apyrase was the major protein of the 56-kDa band.

The physiological response of obese rat model with rambutan peel extract treatment

Abstract Objective To determine body weight gain, expression of Igf-1 and Igf-1 receptor on obese rat model treated with rambutan peel extract (RPE) as a physiological response. Methods Normal and obese rat feed with normal and high calorie diet around 12 weeks and continued to treat with ellagic acid, RPE 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight respectively. Physiological responses observed were weight gain and expression of Igf-1 with its receptor. Body weight of rat was weighed once per week. Expression of Igf-1 and igf-1R observed with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The intensity of Igf-1 and Igf-1R expression was analysis using FSX-BSW software. Results The lowest weight gain was obtained on obese rat model treated with RPE 30 mg/kg body weight. The expression of Igf-1 and Igf-1R were reduced on obese rat model treated with RPE compared with obese rat model of non treatment (P Conclusions The RPE was effecting to the physiological response on obese rat model. The RPE 30 mg/kg body weight inhibited body weight gain and decreased the expression of Igf-1 and Igf-1R of obese rat model.

Inhibition on JAK-STAT3 Signaling Transduction Cascade Is Taken by Bioactive Peptide Alpha-S2 Casein Protein from Goat Ethawah Breed Milk

Background: RA is a systemic inflammatory disease that causes developing comorbidity conditions. This condition can cause by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine. In a previous study, we have found bioactive peptide CSN1S2 from Ethawah goat milk for anti-inflammatory for repair the ileum destruction. However, the signaling transduction cascade of bioactive peptides inhibits inflammation still not clear yet. Therefore, we analyzed the signaling transduction cascade via JAK-STAT3 pathway by in vivo and in silico. Methods: The ileum was isolated DNA and amplification with specific primer. The sequence was analyzed using the Sanger sequencing method. Modeling 3D-structure was predicted by SWISS-MODEL and virtual interaction was analyzed by docking system using Pymol and Discovery Studio 4.0 software. Results: This study showed that STAT3 has target gene 480bp. The normal group and normal treating- CSN1S2 of goat milk have similarity from gene bank. Whereas, RA group had transversion mutation that the purine change into pyrimidine even cause frameshift mutation. Interestingly, after treating with the CSN1S2 protein of goat milk shows reverse to the normal acid sequence group. Based on in silico study, from eight peptides, only three peptides of CSN1S2 protein, which carried by PePT1 to enter the small intestine. The fragments are PepT1-41-NMAIHPR-47; PepT1-182-KISQYYQK-189 and PepT1-214-TNAIPYVR-221. We have found just one bioactive peptide of f182-KISQYYQK-189 is able bind to STAT3. The energy binding of f182-KISQYYQK-189 and RA-STAT3 amino acid, it was Σ = -402.43 kJ/mol and the energy binding of f182-KISQYYQK-189 and RAS-STAT3 amino acid is decreasing into Σ = -407.09 kJ/mol. Conclusion: This study suggested that the fragment 182-KISQYYQK-189 peptides from Ethawah goat milk may act as an anti-inflammatory agent via JAK-STAT3 signal transduction cascade at the cellular level.

Binding Energy Calculation of Patchouli Alcohol Isomer Cyclooxygenase Complexes Suggested as COX-1/COX-2 Selective Inhibitor

To understand the structural features that dictate the selectivity of the two isoforms of the prostaglandin H2 synthase (PGHS/COX), the three-dimensional (3D) structure of COX-1/COX-2 was assessed by means of binding energy calculation of virtual molecular dynamic with using ligand alpha-Patchouli alcohol isomers. Molecular interaction studies with COX-1 and COX-2 were done using the molecular docking tools by Hex 8.0. Interactions were further visualized by using Discovery Studio Client 3.5 software tool. The binding energy of molecular interaction was calculated by AMBER12 and Virtual Molecular Dynamic 1.9.1 software. The analysis of the alpha-Patchouli alcohol isomer compounds showed that all alpha-Patchouli alcohol isomers were suggested as inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Collectively, the scoring binding energy calculation (with PBSA Model Solvent) of alpha-Patchouli alcohol isomer compounds (CID442384, CID6432585, CID3080622, CID10955174, and CID56928117) was suggested as candidate for a selective COX-1 inhibitor and CID521903 as nonselective COX-1/COX-2.

Virtual screening of compounds from the patchouli oil of Pogostemon herba for COX-1 inhibition.

Our interest is to identify compounds from the patchouli oil of Pogostemon herba to inhibit the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme activity. The data for the major compounds (alpha-patchouli alcohol isomer (CD521903, CD442384, and/or CD6432585), alphabulnusene, seychellene and alpha-guaiene) of patchouli oil were explored from the PubChem database. The compounds to COX-1 interactions were studied using the molecular docking tools Hex 6.12 and LeadIT2 Bisolve. The interactions were further visualized using the Chimera 1.7s viewer software tool. The analysis of the major compounds of patchouli oil showed that alpha-Patchouli alcohol (CD521903) binds to COX-1 at many active sites including: Leu223B, Asp228B, Leu237B, Arg332B, Trp138A, Glu139A, Ser142A, and Asn143A. Further analysis revealed that these binding sites are maintained by hydrogen bonds with Ser142A, Glu139A, and Asp228B. The interaction energy between COX-1 and alpha-patchouli alcohol (CD521903) is -6 kJ/mol (without solvent) and -15 kJ/ mol (with solvent DMSO). These theoretical data suggests alpha-patchouli alcohol as a potential inhibitor of the COX-1 enzyme. However, these observations should be investigated and confirmed using experimental evidence.

Enhancement of a Novel Isolate of Serratia plymuthica as Potential Candidate for an Antianthracnose

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A new rhizobacteria isolate of Serratia plymuthica (strain UBCR_12) exhibited a promising potential as a biocontrol agent for anthracnose causing agent Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The aim of this study was to characterize its antagonistic activity and explore the factors contributing to a higher inhibition activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antifungal effect of UBCR_12 against C. gloeosporioides was assayed under various pH values and nutritional sources. Culture supernatant obtained from UBCR_12 and C. gloeosporioides co-culture was also tested for its inhibitory activity. In addition, the antagonistic range of this isolate was examined against Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum. Statistical analysis was done using one way analysis of variance and further processed using Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a p<0.05. RESULTS The UBCR_12 induced inhibition was shown to be stable over time at pH 7, while peptone addition led to a faster induction (2 days after treatment) and glucose treatment to a higher activity. Of all these modifications, preliminary co-culture experiments with fungal cells resulted in the best antagonistic activity of UBCR_12 culture supernatant of about 30.66%. This isolate also showed a wide range of antagonistic activity due to its high suppression against S. rolfsii and F. oxysporum from soybean. CONCLUSION Both environmental and biotic manipulations contributed an elevated inhibition rate of UBCR_12 against C. gloeosporioides. A proportional combination of the factors stimulating antagonistic activity of this strain is recommended to be utilized for the development of this strain as an antianthracnose. The enhanced antifungal effects of UBCR_12 resulted under each type of modification were varied indicating the difference of cell responses. It suggests that certain antifungal mechanism could be generated by modifying the environmental factor required for its induction. In addition, the application of cell-free culture supernatant provides an alternative solution in the utilization of biocontrol agents. For large scale application, it could minimize the risk of population outbreaks and harmful effects due to the living cells application.

Association of the expression levels in the longissimus muscle and a SNP in the CDC10 gene with marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle.

The septin 7 (CDC10) gene, involved in cellular proliferation, has been previously shown to be expressed at different levels in the longissimus muscle (LM) between low-marbled and high-marbled steer groups by differential-display PCR. It is located within the genomic region of a quantitative trait locus for marbling, and thus was considered as a positional functional candidate gene for marbling. In this study, we showed that the CDC10 expression levels in the LM were positively correlated with marbling in Japanese Black (JB) steers (P<0.0001). Further, an association analysis indicated that a SNP in the promoter region of the CDC10 gene was associated with marbling using 99 JB sires (P=0.03) and 542 JB paternal half-sib progeny steers from a sire homozygous for G allele at the SNP (P<0.0001). These findings suggest possible effects of the expression levels in the LM and the SNP of the CDC10 gene on marbling in JB cattle.