Muhammad Sasmito Djati

Role of MicroRNAs in carcinogenesis that potential for biomarker of endometrial cancer

The non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection of endometrial cancer still limited. The etiology of this disease is believed to be associated with disharmony hormone production. One predominant factor that regulate hormone production is microRNA (miRNAs). Some studies reported that miRNAs play a significant role in the process carcinogenesis. We have identified 12 of miRNAs that potentially have a role in controlling endometrial carcinogenesis pathways. Further analysis suggested that these miRNA targeted genes that regulate the early development of endometrial cancer. These genes cluster into several functional groups involving a process of angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation and p53 pathways. Some of the genes are PTEN, GSK3b, and TP53, which are a tumor suppressor that control the process of growth arrest, DNA Repair, and Apoptosis. Upregulation of the miRNA may obstruct the cell ability to control the cell cycle. This study was found three miRNA that plays a role in the development of endometrial cancer. The hsa-miR-495 and hsa-miR-152 were repressed in endometrial cancer compared to normal tissue. The microRNA regulate genes that control proliferation and cell survival. Moreover, hsa-miR-181d was upregulated to control expression a tumor suppressor gene, PTEN to protect the cancer cell from apoptosis. Further investigation to validate the function of the miRNA is a warrant for developing biomarkers of endometrial carcinoma.

The physiological response of obese rat model with rambutan peel extract treatment

Abstract Objective To determine body weight gain, expression of Igf-1 and Igf-1 receptor on obese rat model treated with rambutan peel extract (RPE) as a physiological response. Methods Normal and obese rat feed with normal and high calorie diet around 12 weeks and continued to treat with ellagic acid, RPE 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight respectively. Physiological responses observed were weight gain and expression of Igf-1 with its receptor. Body weight of rat was weighed once per week. Expression of Igf-1 and igf-1R observed with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The intensity of Igf-1 and Igf-1R expression was analysis using FSX-BSW software. Results The lowest weight gain was obtained on obese rat model treated with RPE 30 mg/kg body weight. The expression of Igf-1 and Igf-1R were reduced on obese rat model treated with RPE compared with obese rat model of non treatment (P Conclusions The RPE was effecting to the physiological response on obese rat model. The RPE 30 mg/kg body weight inhibited body weight gain and decreased the expression of Igf-1 and Igf-1R of obese rat model.

The effects of powder of Ocimum canum Sims. leaves on ovary LHR expression and serum estradiol levels in premenopausal rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Kemangi (Ocimum canum Sims.) is one of the most commonly grown medicinal plants in Indonesia. Both leaves and seeds of O. canum Sims. contain antioxidants, namely carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin C and thiamin. This research aimed to analyze the effects of powder of O. canum Sims. leaves on ovary LHR expression and serum estradiol levels of premenopausal rats. This research used 12 female rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 12 months with weights of 180-220 g. The rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control, not given O. canum leaf powder), Group 2 (given O. canum leaf powder at a dosage of 0.25 g/kg BW), Group 3 (given O. canum leaf powder at a dosage of 0.50 g/kg BW) and Group 4 (given O. canum leaf powder at a dosage of 1.00 g/kg BW). All of the groups were given O. canum Sims. leaf powder orally for 15 days. Serum samples were taken on the 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th days. On the 16th day, rats were dissected and ovaries harvested. Estradiol levels were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and LHR expression of ovary was analyzed by using immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS software version 16 for Windows. The results showed that the administration of O. canum Sims. leaf powder at all of the dosages were able to increase estradiol levels and tended to improve ovary LHR expression.

Synergistic effect of Elephantopus scaber L and Sauropus androgynus L merr extracts in modulating prolactin hormone and erythropoiesis in pregnant typhoid mice

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of Elephantopus scaber L. and Sauropus androgynus (L.) merr formulations in prolactin and erythrocyte cell production in pregnant typhoid mice. Methods: In the experiment, 21 pregnant BALB/c mice, divided into seven treatment groups ( n = 3) were used. All groups, except control group (T1), were orally infected with Salmonella typhi (107 CFU/mL). Individual initial doses of 200 mg/kg E. scaber and 150 mg/kg S. androgynous were given to the mice. Extracts of E. scaber and S. androgynus were then administered orally in the following formulation ratios: 100:0 (T3), 75:25 (T4), 50:50 (T5), 25:75 (T6) and 0:100 % (T7). Blood was isolated from the orbital veins of pregnant mice at 4, 8 and 12 days post-infection, and centrifuged at 2500 rpm and 10 oC for 5 min. The supernatant was separated from the pellets to obtain the serum. Hematopoietic cells were isolated from bone marrow at 12 days post-infection. Prolactin hormone level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and erythrocytes were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Result: Salmonella typhi infection in pregnant mice reduces levels of prolactin and TER119 + cells. T7 formulation increased ( p < 0.05) prolactin levels on days 8 (3.83 ± 0.93 ng/mL) and 12 (3.45 ± 0.39 ng/mL) post-infection. Furthermore, the T3, T5, and T7 formulation may have elevated the number of TER119 + cells compared to the control group. Mice given the T3 formulation showed increased numbers of TER119 + VLA4 + (68,73 %), those given T5 showed comparable numbers of TER119 + VLA4 - (45.81 %) and TER119 + VLA4 + (54.19%), while those given T7 showed increased the numbers of TER119 + VLA4 - (97,45 %). Conclusion: E. scaber and S. androgynus leaves extracts significantly increased ( p < 0.05) the levels of prolactin and erythrocytes to support the pregnancy of BALB/c mice with typhoid model. Keywords: Elephantopus scaber , Erythropoiesis, Pregnancy, Prolactin, Salmonella typhi , Sauropus androgynus

The role of VipAlbumin(®) as an immunostimulatory agent for controlling homeostasis and proliferation of lymphoid cells.

VipAlbumin® is a supplement from snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus striatus) which has high content of albumin that is very important to develop new cells. The aims of this study were to know the effect of VipAlbumin® to cell proliferation, expression level of CD4+CD62L+ T cell, regulatory T cell, and B220+ cell, and immunocompetent cell cycle. Cell isolated from spleen of pathogen free mice were cultured in RPMI 1640 with 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep 10×, 2-Mercaptoetanol, anti-CD3 and LPS. The concentrations of VipAlbumin ® used were 0 µg/ml; 0.33 µg/ml; 33.3 µg/ml; and 3333.3 µg/ml. The cell was incubated in CO2 5% incubator 37°C for 3 days for cell cycle and 5 days for proliferation analysis and cell expression. FACS analysis was done to know cell proliferation profile, status of cell, and cell cycle. Concentration 33.3 µg/ml and 3333.3 µg/ml significantly can increase cell proliferation and induce cell enter G2/M phase (p < 0.05) compared to control. VipAlbumin can significantly increase the relative number of CD4+CD62L+ T cell, regulatory T cell, and B220+ cell (p < 0.05) compared to control. This study gives scientific evidence that VipAlbumin can be used as an immunostimulant which accelerates immunocompetent cells growth.