Felício Garino Júnior

Isolation and Identification of Sodium Fluoroacetate Degrading Bacteria from Caprine Rumen in Brazil

The objective of this paper was to report the isolation of two fluoroacetate degrading bacteria from the rumen of goats. The animals were adult goats, males, crossbred, with rumen fistula, fed with hay, and native pasture. The rumen fluid was obtained through the rumen fistula and immediately was inoculated 100 μL in mineral medium added with 20 mmol L−1 sodium fluoroacetate (SF), incubated at 39°C in an orbital shaker. Pseudomonas fluorescens (strain DSM 8341) was used as positive control for fluoroacetate dehalogenase activity. Two isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pigmentiphaga kullae (ECPB08) and Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus (ECPB09). These bacteria degraded sodium fluoroacetate, releasing 20 mmol L−1 of fluoride ion after 32 hours of incubation in Brunner medium containing 20 mmol L−1 of SF. There are no previous reports of fluoroacetate dehalogenase activity for P. kullae and A. dichloromethanicus. Control measures to prevent plant intoxication, including use of fences, herbicides, or other methods of eliminating poisonous plants, have been unsuccessful to avoid poisoning by fluoroacetate containing plants in Brazil. In this way, P. kullae and A. dichloromethanicus may be used to colonize the rumen of susceptible animals to avoid intoxication by fluoroacetate containing plants.

Doenças da cavidade nasal em ruminantes no Brasil

This paper reports diseases of the nasal cavity diagnosed in ruminants in the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Patos, state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil, from 2003 to 2009. During that period three cases or outbreaks of diseases of the nasal cavity were reported in cattle, three in goats and nine in sheep (out of 404 diseases diagnosed in cattle, 330 in goats, and 338 in sheep). At all are reported one case of atopic rhinitis in cattle, seven outbreaks of conidiobolomycosis and two outbreaks of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep, two cases of protothecosis and one of nasal aspergillosis in goats, and a myxoma and a fibrosarcoma in cattle. Additionally, other diseases of the nasal cavity reported in Brazil are reviewed, including oestrosis, rhinosporidiosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and enzootic ethmoidal tumor.

Frequência de anticorpos para paratuberculose em bovinos no semiarido paraíbano 1

Paratuberculosis is an important disease of cattle in the state of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. In the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, five outbreaks of paratuberculosis were diagnosed in the last four years. The objective of this paper is to report the frequency of antibodies against paratuberculosis in different regions of the state of Paraiba, in farms with previous diagnosis of the disease and in farms without diagnosis. The prevalence of antibodies against paratuberculosis, examined by ELISA, in two farms with cases of the disease, was of 72.22% (13/18) and 68.75% (11/16), respectively. Serum samples from 486 healthy cattle from 36 farms without paratuberculosis diagnosis, from three different regions of Paraiba (sertao, cariri, and agreste), were also examined by ELISA. The frequency of antibodies was 10.08±1,07% (49/486). Antibodies against paratuberculosis were found in 21 (58.33%) out of 36 farms examined. These results suggest that paratuberculosis is an important disease of cattle in the state of Paraiba and that control measures to decrease the prevalence of the disease are necessary.

Isolation of Actinobacillus seminis from a goat with clinical epididymo-orchitis in Brazil

The present study reports the first isolation of Actinobacillus seminis from a goat in Brazil. A four-year-old Moxotó breeding goat in a flock of 70 goats and 65 sheep reared together in the county of Patos, semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil, showed clinical signs of unilateral orchitis and epididymitis. Diagnosis of A. seminis infection was confirmed by association of clinical findings, bacterial isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This result suggests that A. seminis may be an additional cause of infertility in goats, and that sheep may be the source of infection because the mixed farming system allows the contact between sheep and goats in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil.

Prototecose: uma doença emergente

Protothecosis, caused by Prototheca zopfii or P. wickerhamii, is an emergent disease of human and animals. In cattle, P. zopfii is an important cause of environmental mastitis. In dogs and cats protothecosis is caused mainly by P. zopfii, causing cutaneous infections or a systemic form affecting many organs in dogs, and cutaneous infection affecting mainly the skin of the face and nose in cats. In humans, protothecosis, caused mainly by P. wickerhamii, occurs in three forms: cutaneous; olecran bursitis; and disseminated. The lesion is usually localized in the site of inoculation in immunocompetent individuals; however, in immunocompromised patients, it can become widespread. Protothecosis caused by P. wickerhamii was recently reported in goats causing rhinitis and dermatitis of the face and pinna. This paper reviews microbiologic characteristics and susceptibility to antimicrobials of Prototheca spp., and the epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control of protothecosis.

The sensitivity of bacterial foodborne pathogens to Croton blanchetianus Baill essential oil

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of C. blanchetianus Baill, popularly known as “marmeleiro”, in inhibiting the growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms in food by determining their survival in vitro and by observing the behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into a food model (meat cubes) that was stored at refrigeration temperature (7 ± 1 °C) for 4 days. The results indicated a bactericidal effect against Aeromonas hydrophila and Listeria monocytogenes and bacteriostatic action against Salmonella Enteritidis. A bacteriostatic effect on meat contaminated with L. monocytogenes was found for all concentrations of essential oils tested. These results showed that essential oil from the leaves of C. blanchetianus Baill represents an alternative source of potentially natural antimicrobial agents that may be used as a food preservative.

Avaliação in vitro da sensibilidade de estirpes deStaphylococcus spp. isoladas de mastite caprina frente a desinfetantes comerciais

O uso de desinfetantes na profilaxia da mastite e uma pratica adotada no seu programa de controle. A utilizacao da antissepsia dos tetos pos ordenha (pos-dipping) tem demonstrado a reducao dos indices de infeccoes intramamarias, reduzindo a colonizacao por micro-organismos na pele dos tetos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a sensibilidade de 101 estirpes de Staphylococcus spp. isolados de mastite caprina frente a quatro desinfetantes: iodo 2; 1 e 0,5%; hipoclorito de sodio 2,5; 1,25 e 0,62%; clorexidina 2,0; 1,0 e 0,5% e quaternario de amonia 0,68; 0,34 e 0,17%. Verificaram-se que todas as concentracoes utilizadas dos desinfetantes mostraram-se eficazes para completa eliminacao do agente nos tempos de 30 e 60 minutios. Observaram-se as seguintes porcentagens de resistencia aos desinfetantes: 15,8% ao iodo na concentracao 0,5%; 10,8% ao hipoclorito de sodio (0,62%) e 7,9% ao quaternario de amonio (0,17%). A clorexidina demonstrou in vitro 100% de eliminacao das estirpes de estafilococos em todos os tempos e concentracoes testadas, portanto, por apresentar amplo espectro de acao sem provocar irritacao na pele dos animais e por ser de baixo custo, torna-se um produto de uso economicamente viavel para utilizacao em programas de controle de mastites caprinas.

Novel mcr-5.3 variant in a CTX-M-8-producing Escherichia coli ST711 isolated from an infected horse

Department of Clinical Analysis School of Pharmacy, Universidade de S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil; Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Paraı́ba, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil; Cátedra de Microbiologı́a, Departmento de Microbiologı́a, Inmunologı́a y Biotecnologı́a, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquı́mica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S~ ao Paulo, S~ ao Paulo, Brazil

Avaliação de resíduo de antibiótico em amostras de leite de vacas após a terapia de vacas secas

The present study aimed to assess antibiotic residues in milk from animals treated in the pre-term period. A total of 47 animals from dairy farms in Rondonia, Brazil, were used for treatment with commercially available antibiotics especific to the dry period (cloxacillinbenzathine and spiramycin associated to neomycin) and during the lactation period (ceftiofur hydrochloride) at 60 and 30 days after delivery, respectively, in a single application. The detection of antimicrobial residues was performed using the commercial microbiologic kit Eclipse 50 (ZEU-Inmunotec®, Zaragoza). The results showed antibiotic residues in 3.44% of animals treated with cloxacillinbenzathine, in 12.50% of animals treated with spiramycin/neomycin, and in 10% of animals treated with ceftiofur hydrochloride. The period indicated for milk consumption after therapy was 30 days for lactation antibiotic products and 60 days for dry cow therapy. The occurrence of the antibiotic residues in milk is a risk to public health and for the contamination of milk products.

Surto de salmonelose pelo sorovar Dublin em bezerros no Maranhão

An outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Dublin is reported in calves in a farm in the municipality of Timon, state of Maranhao. From a total of 62 calves, 22 (35.5%) were affected and 9 (40.9%) died. Clinical signs were fever, depression, anorexia, and, in some cases, respiratory, neurological or enteric signs, or arthritis. The clinical manifestation period was hyperacute to subacute. Main gross lesions were enlarged liver and spleen, and presence of exudate in the cavities. Histologically, paratyphoid granuloma were seen in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Thrombosis and bacterial aggregates in blood vessels were observed in various organs. After the realization of the antibiogram the outbreak was controlled by adoption of appropriate antibiotic therapy combined with the correction of sanitary measures.