Felicitas Michels-Lucht

Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Body Dissatisfaction and Shame, Body Boundary and Body Expression

A new questionnaire to assess body dissatisfaction and shame, body boundary and body expression is presented. Scales BOUNDARY AND BODY PSYCHOTICISM, BODY EXPRESSION and BODY DISSATISFACTION AND SHAME were developed deductively. The first version was given to a sample of 134 nurse students and 512 psychotherapeutic inpatients. An item and factor analysis was conducted in the total sample. A 3-factor solution was found in a confirmatory factorial analysis (39% variance explained). The final version of the questionnaire consists of 46 items. The scales showed a satisfactory or good reliability and validity. To test criterion validity SCL-90-R and the body image questionnaire (FKB-20) were used. All SCL-90-R subscales were highly correlated with body dissatisfaction and shame (KUS) (r>0.5). BODY BOUNDARY AND PSYCHOTICISM scale (AKP) was correlated with SCL-90-R scales psychoticism (r=0.56), interpersonal sensitivity (r=.55) and anxiety (r=0.51). BODY DISSATISFACTION AND SHAME scale (KUS) was also correlated (r=0.77) with scale REJECTION OF THE BODY of FKB-20. First results of the Questionnaire of physical aspects of boundary, shame and expression (FK-ASA) suggest that the scales describe the postulated aspects of body image.

Steroidgebrauch bei Freizeit-Bodybuildern

A sample of 74 male bodybuilders was analyzed for relationships between steroid abuse (abuse n=31; no abuse n=43) and self-esteem (Multidimensionale Selbstwertskala MSWS), body-image (Body-Image Questionnaire FK-ASA) as well as teasing (Physical Appearance Related Teasing Scale PARTS). In a logistic regression analysis age (p=0.001), low values for body expression (p=0.036) and high self-esteem (p=0.024) predicted steroid intake; training frequency or teasing experiences showed no effect. Contrary to earlier findings high and not low self-esteem was associated with steroid abuse. Because of the overlap between constructs narcissism and self-esteem further studies should disentangle the role of narcissism and self-esteem for steroid abuse in bodybuilders.