Fellipe Freitas Barbosa

Spray Dried Plasma for Pigs Weaned at Different Ages

A review was done with 25 scientific papers published in the past fifteen years with the objective to verify the effects of spray dried plasma added to diets for pigs weaned at different ages on the feed intake, weight gain, intestinal structure, and number of E. coli colonies. Beneficial effects of spray dried plasma were observed during the first week after weaning for weight gain and feed intake of piglets weaned at 14, 21, and 28 days old. The beneficial effects of spray dried plasma decreased with the increase in weaning age. Positive effects of spray dried plasma were observed on the morph-physiological conditions of the small intestine, with higher villi height and crypt depth, when substituted completely for the powdered skim milk in diets for weaned pigs. Also, pigs fed diets with the inclusion of spray dried plasma had decreased E. coli colonies in the small intestine of pigs weaned at 21, 28, and 35 days old. The research also indicated that spray dried plasma can replace antibiotic in diets to pigs weaned at 28 and 35 days old. The article presents some promising patents on feed intake for pigs weaned at different ages.

Use of dried distillers grains with solubles and soybean hulls in nursery pig diets

F. F. Barbosa, S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, R. D. Goodband, and J. L. Nelssen Summary A total of 3,186 pigs were used in two 21d experiments to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed different levels of dried distillers grains with soluble (DDGS) or soybean hulls. In each experiment, pigs (n = 1,593, and 24.0 lb in Exp. 1 and n = 1,593, and 27.3 lb in Exp. 2) were allotted to 72 pens (36 pens of barrows and 36 pens of gilts) with 21 or 22 pigs per pen on d 21 after weaning. A pen of barrows and pen of gilts shared a common feeder; thus, feeder was the experimental unit. In Exp. 1, treatments were a cornsoybean meal-based control diet or the same diet with 7.5, 15, or 22.5% added DDGS. Increasing DDGS from 0 to 22.5% did not affect ADG (P > 0.26) or ADFI (P > 0.21) but linearly (P 0.60) by diet. In Exp. 2, treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with either 0 or 15% DDGS and 0 or 4% soybean hulls. Adding DDGS, soybean hulls, or the combination of DDGS and soybean hulls to the control diet did not affect (P > 0.17) ADG. There was an interaction (P 0.17) pig performance. The survival rate of pigs (99.5 to 100%) was not affected (P > 0.31) by treatments. In summary, 15 to 22.5% DDGS and up to 4% soybean hulls were added to diets for 25to 50-lb pigs without affecting ADG; increasing levels of DDGS (up to 22.5%) improved feed efficiency in these experiments.

Plasma sangüíneo em pó em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 14 dias de idade

One hundred and twenty-eight pigs, averaging initial weight of 4.32 ± 0.55 kg and weaned with 14 days of age, were allotted to a completely randomized experimental block design, composed by four treatments, eight replicates and four animals in each experimental unit, to evaluate the levels of inclusion of spray dried plasma (SDP) in diets for piglets, in three consecutive periods: from 14 to 28 (period 1); 29 to 35 (period 2) and 36 to 42 (period 3) days of age. The levels of inclusion of SDP were 0.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 for the period 1, 0.0, 2.8, 4.2, and 5.6% for the period 2 and 0.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0% for the period 3. From 43 to 56 days of age (period 4) all piglets were fed a diet without SDP. During period 1, daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG) were linearly affected by the increase the levels of SDP, however, the Lineal Response Plateau model was that better fit the data, and was estimated 7.5% of SDP for ADFI and 6.6% for DWG. In the period 2, there was no influence of the SDP levels on performance characteristics. In period 3, there was effect of the SDP levels on the DWG, which linearly reduced as SDP levels increased. However, no treatment effect on DFI was observed. No residual treatment effect on DFI and DWG in period 4 was observed. The dietary SDP inclusion level of weaned piglets at 14 days of age is of 7.5% from 14 to 28 days.

Níveis de plasma sangüíneo em pó em dietas para leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade

With the objective to evaluate the inclusion of spray dry blood plasma in diets for piglets weaned at 21 days of age (5.9 ± 0.40 kg initial BW), a total of 112 animals were allotted to completely randomize block design with four treatment and seven replications with four animals per experimental unit, in three subsequent periods: from 21 to 28 days (period 1), from 29 to 35days (period 2), from 36 to 42 days (period 3). The piglets were maintained in the experiment from 43 to 56 days (period 4) fed conventional nurse diet. The treatments consisted of inclusion levels of 0.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0% of spray dry blood plasma in the period 1, 0.0; 2.8; 4.2 and 5.6% in the period 2 and 0.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0% in the period 3. The average daily weight gain (ADWG) increased in a quadratic form up to the estimate inclusion levels of 4.3, 2.5 and 1.3 of spray dry blood plasma in the diet, in the periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively. No significant effect was observed for the inclusion levels of spray dry blood plasma on daily feed intake and ADWG in the period 4. The inclusion levels of spray dry blood plasma in diets for pigs weaned at 21 days of age should be 4.3 for the first week, 2.5 for the second and 1.3% for the third week post weaning.

Spray-dried plasma levels in post-weaning diets for piglets weaned at 28 days of age

Aiming to evaluate the spray-dried plasma levels (BP) in diets for piglets weaned at 28 days of age, an experiment with 128 piglets with initial body weight of 7.635 ± 0.103 kg was conducted and allocated in a experimental block design composed of four treatments, eight replicates and four animals per replicate. The treatments used were: diets with dried milk (DM) and without spray-dried plasma (BP) from 29 to 42 days of age; diets with DM and 2.8% of BP from 29 to 35 days of age (period I) and 2.0% of BP from 36 to 42 days of age (period II); diets with DM and 4.2% of BP in the period 1and 3.0% of BP in the period 2; and Diets without DM and with 5.6% of BP in the period 1 and 4.0% of BP in the period 2. From 42 to 56 days of age (period 3) all animals received the same creep feeding diets. No effect from the BP inclusion levels on the average daily feed intake (ADFI), in period 1 was verified. Period 1 showed a linear effect of the BP inclusion levels on the bionutritional index (IBN = 6.8371GPMD - 3.5732CRMD) and on the daily weight gain (^Y = 0.1364 + 0.0100X). There was no effect of treatments on the diarrhea index. It was concluded that the best BP level to be used in diets for 28-day-old weaning piglets is 5.6%, and that there are no beneficial effects from the inclusion of BP in the second weak after weaning at the age of 28 days.

Níveis de lisina digestível em dietas para suínos machos castrados dos 60 aos 100 dias de idade

Para avaliar o efeito de niveis de lisina digestivel sobre o desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca de suinos machos castrados dos 60 aos 100 dias de idade, foram utilizados 300 animais com peso medio de 25±0,52 kg, distribuidos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos (0,65; 0,75; 0,85; 0,95 e 1,05% de lisina digestivel), 5 repeticoes e 12 animais por unidade experimental. Nao houve efeito dos niveis de lisina digestivel sobre o consumo medio diario de racao. O consumo de lisina digestivel aumentou de forma linear com o aumento desse aminoacido na racao. O ganho de peso medio diario aumentou e a conversao alimentar melhorou de forma quadratica com o aumento dos niveis de lisina digestivel da racao. Nao foi observado efeito dos niveis de lisina digestivel sobre a espessura de toucinho dos animais, entretanto, o rendimento de carcaca e a quantidade de carne aumentaram de forma quadratica com o aumento dos niveis de lisina digestivel. Os niveis de 0,96 e 0,92% de lisina digestivel, correspondentes aos consumos estimados de 18,69 e 17,69 g/dia, proporcionam os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e conversao alimentar, enquanto os niveis de 0,89 e 0,90%, correspondentes aos consumos estimados de 17,28 e 17,52 g/dia, propiciam os melhores resultados de rendimento e quantidade de carne na carcaca de suinos machos castrados dos 60 aos 100 dias de idade.

Variation in chemical composition of soybean hulls

The objective of this study was to examine the variation in chemical composition of soybean hulls. Our goal was to develop regression equations characterizing the nutritive value of soybean hulls for use in swine diets. Samples (n = 39) were collected from different processing plants across the United States and analyzed for CP, GE, crude fiber (CF), ADF, NDF, fat, ash, Ca, P, and essential amino acids. One sample was excluded from these results because it contained approximately 10 times the amount of Ca (5.2% vs. a mean of 0.57%) as other samples. The results of chemical analysis of the samples were used to determine maximum, minimum, and mean values on a DM basis. Estimated DE values were calculated according to an equation described by Noblet and Perez (1993). Regression equations among the nutrients also were established. A high correlation was observed between CF and CP (R2 = 0.92), ADF (R2 = 0.96), NDF (R2 = 0.97), and estimated DE (R2 = 0.94), indicating that the analyzed fiber content of soybean hulls could be used to predict the other components. A high correlation also was observed between CP and estimated DE (R2 = 0.90). Lower correlations were observed between ash concentration and Ca and P. High correlations were observed between CP and lysine (R = 0.89), methionine (R= 0.88), threonine (R2 = 0.93), and tryptophan (R2 = 0.93). In summary, the chemical composition of soybean hulls can be highly variable; however, CF content can help explain much of the variation in CP, ADF, NDF, and estimated DE, and CP content can be used to predict individual amino acid levels.