Fernanda Marafiga Wiethan

Abordagem terapêutica grupal com mães de crianças portadoras de distúrbios de linguagem

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a group therapy approach with mothers of subjects with language impairment to promote changes in the dialogic interaction of the mother-child dyad. Four mother-child dyads participated in this study. The procedures were an initial interview with the mothers and filming of the dyads engaged in an interaction situation before and after therapeutic intervention, in order to interpret the mothers speech and the dialogic activity, as well as to verify the efficacy of group sessions. Group therapy consisted of eight meetings with the mothers, in which varied issues regarding child development were discussed. The results showed that the intervention improved mother-child interaction. The group therapy approach not only helped mothers in their role, welcoming their demands, but was also an important alternative in clinics of the public health system, since it can reduce the waiting time for Speech-Language Pathology assistance.

Emprego de estratégias de reparo para os fonemas fricativos no desvio fonológico

PURPOSE: To verify and compare the occurrence of repair strategies used in the fricative consonants of Brazilian Portuguese, and to analyze the strategies applied for each fricative according to the severity of phonological disorders. METHODS: Participants were 87 subjects of both genders, with ages between 4 years and 8 years and 11 months. All children used repair strategies involving at least one of the fricative consonants (/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, , ), with minimal occurrence of 40%. Data are from the phonological assessments conducted before phonological therapy, and the severity of phonological disorders was determined by the Percentage of Consonants Correct - Revised. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: There was progression in the use of repair strategies according to the production complexity of the phoneme. Repair strategies were found in all severities of phonological disorders, and the strategies that most affect speech intelligibility were found in more severe degrees. CONCLUSION: The more complex the fricative, the more repair strategies are used, and the more severe the phonological disorder, the more occurrences these strategies have.

Tempo médio para a alta fonoaudiológica a partir de três modelos com base fonológica

PURPOSE: to compare the average time for the speech therapy discharge among three therapy models related tor phonological disorders. METHOD: used data were obtained from the database of a higher education institution. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: age between 5:0 and 6:11; having parent or guardian permission to participate in the research; presenting diagnosis of phonological disorder classified as a mild or mild-moderate deviation and having received speech therapy through one of the phonological models: Cycles Model ; ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model or Maximal Oppositions Approach ; besides having had speech therapy discharge. The sample consisted of 38 children, eight treated by the Modified Cycles, 18 by the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes, and 12 by the Maximal Oppositions. Data analysis counted the number of sessions in which there was direct speech therapy. The statistical analysis used the Statistical Analysis System, version 8.02, Kruskal-Wallis test with p <0.05. RESULTS: it was found that the average number of sessions for the Modified Cycles was 23.0, whereas it was 18.5 for the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes, and 20.6 for the Maximal Oppositions. The research showed no statistically significant difference between the number of sessions in each therapy models. CONCLUSION: the three therapy models were equally effective, since that they promoted the speech therapy discharge and showed no significant difference in the average time of therapy for phonological disorder cases.

Propostas terapêuticas para os desvios fonológicos: diferentes soluções para o mesmo problema

BACKGROUND: focus on studies conducted over the last ten years on therapy for phonological disorders. PURPOSE: to analyze the national and international studies on phonology, conducted from the year 2000, in order to check their contributions for the clinical treatments, while identifying new opportunities in research. CONCLUSION: all analyzed studies bring out contributions that can be adopted as tools for the speech clinic. The therapist should pay attention to the fact that different children respond differently to the different approaches, so that therefore, caution should be taken clinician in treatment planning. The report suggests research possibilities and aspects that could be more widely used in the scientific work. However, no studies were found indicating the average number of sessions required in order to determine the discharge in speech pathology cases, and global approaches, that could solve all the issues that may be delayed in these children, such as auditory processing, working memory, phonemic discrimination, phonological awareness and written language development.

Consoantes líquidas: ocorrência de estratégias de reparo em diferentes faixas etárias e gravidades do desvio fonológico

, Roberta Michelon Melo (3), Helena Bolli Mota RESUMOObjetivo: investigar a relacao dos tipos de estrategias de reparo utilizadas nas consoantes liquidas do Portugues Brasileiro de acordo com a faixa etaria e a gravidade do desvio fonologico. Metodo: participaram do estudo 120 criancas, sendo 41 do sexo feminino e 79 do masculino, com idades entre quatro e oito anos e onze meses. Todas as criancas empregavam pelo menos uma das estra-tegias envolvendo alguma das consoantes liquidas (/l/, / /, /r/, /R/) – substituicao, semivocalizacao e/ou omissao – com emprego de 40% ou mais da estrategia no sistema fonologico. Os dados foram extraidos das avaliacoes fonologicas de criancas que nao haviam recebido terapia fonologica, e a gravidade do desvio fonologico foi determinada por meio do Calculo do Percentual de Consoantes Corretas – Revisado. Os dados foram submetidos a analise estatistica por meio do Teste Exato de Fisher, com p<0.05. Resultados: nao houve diferenca no emprego das estrategias de reparo utiliza-das para a classe das liquidas conforme a faixa etaria. Porem, foram observadas diferencas estatis-ticas na comparacao entre a gravidade do desvio e estrategias de reparo das liquidas em relacao a alguns dos segmentos e estrategias estudadas. Conclusao: conclui-se que a variavel extralinguis-tica, faixa etaria, nao esta diretamente relacionada com a utilizacao de estrategias de reparo para as consoantes liquidas no desvio fonologico. No entanto, atenta-se para a influencia da gravidade do desvio fonologico sobre o uso destas estrategias, que varia conforme o segmento-alvo. DESCRITORES: Disturbios da Fala; Patologia da Fala e Linguagem; Linguagem Infantil; Fala

Emprego da estratégia de reparo de plosivização: relação com a gravidade do desvio fonológico e fonemas acometidos

PURPOSEnTo analyze the occurrence of the repair strategy of stopping in the different severities of phonological disorder, and to verify the phonemes most affected by this strategy.nnnMETHODSnParticipants were 33 children, 14 female and 19 male, aged between 4 and 8 years. All children used the repair strategy of stopping for at least one phoneme or allophone, with percentage equal to or greater than 40%. Data were selected from the first speech assessment, before starting intervention, and phonological disorder severity was determined by the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised. The number of children who used the repair strategy of stopping was accounted, analyzing the phonological disorder severity and the phonemes most affected by this strategy. Data were statistically analyzed.nnnRESULTSnThe use of the repair strategy of stopping was more observed for the degrees moderate-severe and severe, with 42.86% of occurrence in each one. No difference was found in the comparison between the types of phonemes and allophones affected in the sample: /s/, /ƒ/, /f/ and /z/, /[see text]/, /v/, [tƒ]/ and [d[see text]]/, /[see text]/, and /n/.nnnCONCLUSIONnThe stopping repair strategy is more frequent in the most severe degrees of phonological disorder. This strategy is used similarly by children with phonological disorders, with regards to the affected phonemes.

Ambientes linguísticos para a produção das fricativas /z/, /∫/e /ℑ/: variabilidades na aquisição fonológica de seis sujeitos

BACKGROUND: routes of phonological acquisition in children treated with favorable environments in contrast with unfavorable and neutral environments for production of /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/in phonological therapy. PROCEDURES: six children with phonological disorder aged between 4:7 and 7:8 were selected to take part in the study. They were properly authorized by their parents. There were speech-language and complementary evaluations in order to diagnose the phonological disorder. The subjects were matched according to the severity of the phonological disorder, gender, age and aspects of the phonological system in relation to the altered phonemes. Half of the children were treated with words in which the phonemes /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/ were in favorable environments and the other half with unfavorable and neutral environments. There were eight sessions and, after that, new evaluations were made in order to describe and qualitatively compare the routes of phonological acquisition in the said subjects through the Implicational Model of Features Complexity. RESULTS: the results indicated a small advantage in the therapeutic evolution of two subjects treated with favorable environments, in relation to their matches. However, children treated with unfavorable and neutral environments obtained more positive results than their matches. CONCLUSION: the favorable environments for production of fricatives /z/, /∫/and /ℑ/ did not determine the therapeutic success, but positively influenced the phonological evolution in the subjects in the study.

Prevalência de alterações fonoaudiológicas em pré-escolares da rede pública e os determinantes sociais

PURPOSE: to verify the prevalence of speech, language and orofacialmotricity, and a potential association among these factors with social indicators like, socioeconomic status and parents education in children aged between 4 to 6 years and 11 months, who are enrolled in kindergarten public schools from Santa Maria - RS. METHODS: this research is a cross-sectional prevalence survey, in which 262 children aged between 4 to 6 years and 11 months took part. They were students from public schools. An interview with the guardians and a speech-language assessment (language, phonetics/phonology, articulatory and orofacial praxis, orofacial structures) were performed. The children were classified according to the criteria: family income, mothers and fathers education, language, speech and orofacialmotricity. The results had statistical analysis with Fischer Test and significance level fixed on 5%. RESULTS: the most prevalent disorder was orofacial myology disorder (31,30%), followed by speech (21,37%) and language (4,58%) disorders. No association was found between speech-language disorders and social indicators. CONCLUSION: the analyzed sample showed high prevalence of speech-language disorders. This result indicates the importance of speech pathologists work in the public schools. Probably, the uniformity of the sample caused no association between speech-language disorders and social indicators, suggesting the necessity of performing other researches with more varied samples.

The use of electroglottography, electromyography, spectrography and ultrasound in speech research - theoretical review

The use of new technologies in the evaluation and speech therapy from a review of articles published over the past 5 years is the theme of this study which also has as a purpose to conduct a literature review of national and international studies that used the keywords: electroglottography, spectrography, ultrasonography and electromyography in the evaluation and therapy of speech disorders. There is a growing interest in the integration of these resources in studies of speech; however, the existing studies that correlate the assessment are still scarce.

O uso da eletroglotografia, eletromiografia, espectografia e ultrassom nos estudos de fala - revisão teórica

The use of new technologies in the evaluation and speech therapy from a review of articles published over the past 5 years is the theme of this study which also has as a purpose to conduct a literature review of national and international studies that used the keywords: electroglottography, spectrography, ultrasonography and electromyography in the evaluation and therapy of speech disorders. There is a growing interest in the integration of these resources in studies of speech; however, the existing studies that correlate the assessment are still scarce.