Fernanda Satie Ikeda

Banco de sementes no solo em sistemas de cultivo lavoura-pastagem

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cultivation and tillage systems, and fertilization level, on soil seedbanks of areas submitted to: three cultivation systems - continuous crop (L), crop-pasturecrop (LPL), pasture-crop-pasture (PLP); two tillage systems - tillage (C) and no-tillage (D); two fertilization levels - maintenance (1) and gradual corrective (2); and a continuous pasture area under tillage and gradual corrective fertilization. Seed density of crop-pasture cultivation systems, was lower than in continuous crop, and higher compared to continuous pasture system, except for LPLC1 and LPLC2 cultivated areas. The seedbanks in continuous cropping areas was lower in no-tillage than in tillage system areas, but in PLP areas with gradual corrective fertilization, there was no difference between tillage systems. The fertilization level caused a reduction in seed density only in LPLC and PLPC cultivated areas. Integrated crop-pasture system with no-tillage adoption can be useful in weed management of grains crop areas.

Banco de sementes em cerrado sensu stricto sob queimada e sistemas de cultivo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the burning and cultivation effects on soil seedbanks originally under cerrado vegetation. Two areas under cerrado sensu stricto were sampled, one burned and the other one not burned, as well as areas under tilled crop and pasture. There was no reduction on seedbank, although lower number of species and families and diversity index (Shannon and Simpson) with burning were observed. There was also greater importance value index (IVI) and number of native species, in the non burned area, and of weeds in the burned one. It was observed that the crop area had higher seed density than the pasture and cerrado areas. The species with the highest IVI in the areas were those considered as weeds and forages. The crop area presented lower IVI of native species than the pasture and cerrado areas; besides, it presented diversity indexes (Shannon and Simpson) and native species percentage lower than pasture and cerrado. The cultivation with crop cause higher disturbance in the areas than burning.

Caracterização florística de bancos de sementes em sistemas de cultivo lavoura-pastagem

The effect of cultivation systems, tillage and fertilization levels on the floristic composition of seedbanks was evaluated at three cultivation systems (continuous crop, crop-pasture-crop, pasture-crop-pasture), two tillage systems (tillage and no-tillage) and two fertilization levels (corrective and maintenance), and a continuous pasture area under no-tillage and corrective fertilization. Cultivation and tillage system were the most important factors affecting the floristic structure of seedbanks. Besides, corrective fertilization increased the number of families and species in relation to maintenance fertilization.

Luz e KNO3 na germinação de sementes de Ageratum conyzoides L. sob temperaturas constantes e alternadas

Ageratum conyzoides e uma planta daninha de origem tropical que apresenta presenca expressiva nos bancos de sementes em que ocorre. Considerando-se a importância de conhecer os fatores que afetam a germinacao de sementes no manejo das especies de plantas daninhas, avaliou-se o efeito de luz e KNO3 sob temperatura constante e alternada na germinacao de sementes de A. conyzoides. Quatro subamostras de 75 sementes para cada tratamento foram submetidas a combinacao fatorial de luz (escuro; 12 horas de luz) e KNO3 (0% de KNO3; 0,2% de KNO3) para os ensaios a 25°C constante e a 15oC/35oC por 12h/12h, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Efetuou-se a contagem diaria das ocorrencias germinativas durante 21 dias. Em temperatura constante, a presenca de luz aumentou a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinacao e o KNO3 reduziu a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinacao de sementes de A. conyzoides no escuro. Na temperatura constante houve ajuste da curva de germinacao acumulada ao modelo exponencial. Na temperatura alternada, o KNO3 na presenca de luz aumenta a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinacao de sementes de A. conyzoides. Em temperaturas alternadas, houve ajuste da curva de germinacao acumulada ao modelo logistico, demonstrando maior assincronia na germinacao das sementes no tempo do que em temperatura constante.

Emergence and initial growth of Urochloa Cultivars at different sowing depths

The emergence and growth of Urochloa spp. at different sowing depths was evaluated, considering the possibility of delaying the initial growth of forage grass by sowing it deeper to provide competitive advantage to the grain culture in crop-pasture association systems. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with U. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Piata and U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, and sowing depths of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm. Similar behavior between U. brizantha cultivars was observed for daily emerged seedlings, emergence percentage, height and dry matter of plants at 28 days after sowing (DAS); however, these results differed from those obtained for U. decumbens, except for the height of U. brizantha cv. Piata. The evaluated variables, for all cultivars, tended to be reduced when sown deeper than 6 cm. The delay in emergence at 0 cm without reduction, for all cultivars of Urochloa, did not result in reduced height and dry matter weight.The emergence and growth of Urochloa spp. at different sowing depths was evaluated, considering the possibility of delaying the initial growth of forage grass by sowing it deeper to provide competitive advantage to the grain culture in crop-pasture association systems. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with U. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Piata and U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, and sowing depths of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 cm. Similar behavior between U. brizantha cultivars was observed for daily emerged seedlings, emergence percentage, height and dry matter of plants at 28 days after sowing (DAS); however, these results differed from those obtained for U. decumbens, except for the height of U. brizantha cv. Piata. The evaluated variables, for all cultivars, tended to be reduced when sown deeper than 6 cm. The delay in emergence at 0 cm without reduction, for all cultivars of Urochloa, did not result in reduced height and dry matter weight.