Fernando Coelho Eugenio

Identificação das áreas de preservação permanente no município de Alegre utilizando geotecnologia

Due to the need of current studies on the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) for the county of Alegre - ES, it is proposed in this study to demonstrate how the use of Geotechnologies can help in an effective way to map those areas, helping to understand the areas to be preserved in the county. The study was accomplished in the whole county of Alegre - ES which objectives were: a) to elaborate analogical and digital maps of the county, with the aid of Geotechnologies; b) to delimit the Areas of Permanent Preservation in the optics of the Environmental Legislation and c) to emphasize the importance of identifying the areas in an automatic way so that it can implant environmental projects that seek to promote actions in search of a maintainable relationship between man and environment in a more efficient way. The county of Alegre has an area of 336,39 km2 of APPs (43,50% of the total area of the county). The methodology for automatic delimitation of APPs was efficient, indicating that the same, around of spring (buffer of 50 m), in the hillsides with steepness superior to 45 degrees, hill top (superior third of hills) and margins of the courses of water (buffer of 30 m) they acted respectively 9,86 km2 (1,27%), 8,99 km2 (1,16%), 237,35 km2 (30,69%) and 95,11 km2 (12,30%) of the total area of the county.

Applying GIS to develop a model for forest fire risk: A case study in Espírito Santo, Brazil

A forest fire risk map is a basic element for planning and protecting forested areas. The main goal of this study was to develop a statistical model for preparing a forest fire risk map using GIS. Such model is based on assigning weights to nine variables divided into two classes: physical factors of the site (terrain slope, land-use/occupation, proximity to roads, terrain orientation, and altitude) and climatic factors (precipitation, temperature, water deficit, and evapotranspiration). In regions where the climate is different from the conditions of this study, the model will require an adjustment of the variables weights according to the local climate. The study area, Espírito Santo State, exhibited approximately 3.81% low risk, 21.18% moderate risk, 30.10% high risk, 41.50% very high risk, and 3.40% extreme risk of forest fire. The areas classified as high risk, very high and extreme, contemplated a total of 78.92% of heat spots.

GIS applied to location of fires detection towers in domain area of tropical forest

In most countries, the loss of biodiversity caused by the fires is worrying. In this sense, the fires detection towers are crucial for rapid identification of fire outbreaks and can also be used in environmental inspection, biodiversity monitoring, telecommunications mechanisms, telemetry and others. Currently the methodologies for allocating fire detection towers over large areas are numerous, complex and non-standardized by government supervisory agencies. Therefore, this study proposes and evaluates different methodologies to best location of points to install fire detection towers considering the topography, risk areas, conservation units and heat spots. Were used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques and unaligned stratified systematic sampling for implementing and evaluating 9 methods for allocating fire detection towers. Among the methods evaluated, the C3 method was chosen, represented by 140 fire detection towers, with coverage of: a) 67% of the study area, b) 73.97% of the areas with high risk, c) 70.41% of the areas with very high risk, d) 70.42% of the conservation units and e) 84.95% of the heat spots in 2014. The proposed methodology can be adapted to areas of other countries.

Utilização de Geotecnologia para o Mapeamento de Áreas de Preservação Permanente no Município de João Neiva, ES

This study intended to demonstrate how the use of Geotechnology can effectively help to map Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), aiding in the understanding of the areas to be preserved. The study was conducted in the total area of the municipal district of Joao Neiva, Espirito Santo state, aiming to elaborate analogical and digital maps of the municipality; delimit the PPAs from the perspective of the Environmental Legislation; confront these areas with the corresponding land use; and emphasize the importance of identifying the areas in an automatic way, so that environmental projects that seek the promotion of actions in search of an efficient, sustainable relationship between humans and the environment can be implemented. The municipal district of Joao Neiva comprises a total PPA area of 88.64 km² (32.55% of its total area). PPAs around water springs (buffer of 50 m), on the hillsides with slope greater than 45 degrees, on hill top (upper third of hills), and along the margins of water courses (buffer of 30 m), represented, respectively, 0.54 km² (0.20%), 1.92 km² (0.70%), 62.66 km² (23.01%) and 23.50 km² (8.63%) of the total area of the municipal district.

Geotecnologia e ecologia da paisagem no monitoramento da fragmentação florestal

This work aimed to diagnose and analyze the structural connectivity of fragmented landscape surrounding the Conservation Unit Private Reservation of Natural Patrimony Cafundo, proposing the restoration through Ecological Corridors. The mapping of land use and land cover, and landscape ecology indexes allowed detecting, analyzing and understanding the landscape structure. These indexes were calculated using the GeoDMA plugin for the 10 mapped classes. During the study period (1970 and 2007) there have been few changes in the land use and occupation, predominantly to pasture matrix on both dates. The delimitation of Ecological Corridor for the Analytical Hierarchy Process method used each mapped class to set the relative weight for installation. The results showed an increase in the landscape fragmentation allowing the definition of an Ecological Corridor of lower cost as an alternative to increase the connectivity among conservation units.

Effect of work shift in production and productivity of wood harvesting machines.

Com o intuito de aumentar a producao e reduzir as horas de maquinas paradas, o sistema de trabalho em turnos tem sido muito utilizado no setor florestal. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a producao e a produtividade de maquinas de colheita florestal mecanizada (harvester e forwarder) em tres diferentes turnos de trabalho (manha, tarde e noite), na regiao Sul da Bahia. Foram obtidos os dados de producao (numero de arvore colhida, volume total, volume medio individual das arvores, numero de viagem e carga media por viagem) e produtividade de 30 harvester e 15 forwarder na execucao das operacoes de corte e extracao num periodo de 36 meses. Os resultados mostraram que a producao foi menor no turno da manha para ambas as maquinas. A produtividade do harvester foi maior no turno da manha (32,7 m³ por hora) em comparacao com os demais. Para o forwarder, a produtividade foi semelhante entre os tres turnos de trabalho avaliados. Dessa forma conclui-se que a producao das maquinas e diretamente influenciada pelo numero de horas efetivas de trabalho das maquinas, ou seja, a empresa deve sempre que possivel otimizar o procedimento de manutencao das maquinas de forma a maximizar a hora efetiva de trabalho destas maquinas. Palavras chave: tecnicas e operacoes florestais; corte florestal; extracao florestal; harvester; forwarder. EFFECT OF WORK SHIFT IN PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WOOD HARVESTING MACHINES ABSTRACT In order to increase production and reduce the hours of machines stops, the system of shifts work has long been used in forestry sector. The objective of this work was to analyze the production and productivity of mechanized harvesting machines (harvester and forwarder) in three different shifts (morning, afternoon and evening), in the South of Bahia. The data production (cutter tree number, total volume, individual average volume of trees, travel number and average load for travel) and productivity were obtained of the 30 harvesters and 15 forwarders in carrying out the cutting and extraction operations in a period of 36 months. The results showed that production was lower in the morning shift for both machines. The productivity of the harvester was higher in the morning shift (32.7 m³ per hour) compared to the others. For forwarder, productivity was similar among the three shifts of assessed work. Thus, it appears that the production of the machines is directly influenced by the hours number that the machine working, effective, the enterprise should whenever possible to optimize the maintenance procedure of the machine in order to maximize the effective working time of the machines. Keywords: technique and forest operations; forest harvesting; forest extraction; harvester; forwarder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n03a09

MAPEAMENTO DAS ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL

ABSTRACT The study was conducted across the state of Espirito Santo, with the objective of limiting the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) by optical law 12.651/2012 (forest code) and highlight the importance of identifying those areas automatically. Each PPA has its own methodology for their mapping, however, all were mapped with the aid of geotechnology. The state has 22.43% of its PPA area distributed along the marginal strip watercourses (10.42%); in the surroundings of lakes and natural ponds (0.67%); around the artificial water reservoirs (0.02%), in the vicinity of springs (0.89%) in the hillsides with slopes greater than 45° (0.24%); in restingas (1.92%); in mangroves (0.19%); on top of hills (8.98%); and in higher than 1800 meters (0.19%) of the total area of the state altitudes. This study serves as a technical subsidy for evaluation and quantification of PPAs in a State, since it is the first one in a state level in Brazil on the issue.

Uso da Terra no Entorno do PARNA-Caparaó: Preocupação com Incêndios Florestais

Considerando que o modo de ocupacao das areas agricolas apresenta grande influencia no risco de ocorrencia de incendios florestais, o objetivo deste estudo foi fotointerpretar o uso e ocupacao da terra no entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparao (PARNA-Caparao), face capixaba, e analisar a ocorrencia de focos de calor na area. Foi fotointerpretada no total uma area de 654,95 km2, dos quais 7,88 km2 cobertos por eucalipto, 89,10 km2, por fragmentos florestais, 314,60 km2, por pastagens, 13,03 km2, por reflorestamento de especies nativas, 180,60 km2, por cafe e 49,74 km2, por outros usos. Ha uma area relevante ocupada por reflorestamento em todos os municipios avaliados da zona de amortecimento do PARNA-Caparao, quando comparada a outros estudos. Os focos de calor, em sua maioria, aconteceram em beiras de estradas, pastagens, capoeiras e proximo a fragmentos florestais.

USO DA GEOTECNOLOGIA PARA ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DA COBERTURA FLORESTAL

The landscape ecology metrics associated with data mining can be used to increase the potential of remote sensing data analysis and applications, being an important tool for decision making. The present study aimed to use data mining techniques and landscape ecology metrics to classify and quantify different types of vegetation using a multitemporal analysis (2001 and 2011), in Sao Luis do Paraitinga city, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Object-based image analyses and the C4.5 data-mining algorithm were used for automated classification. Classification accuracies were assessed using the kappa index of agreement and the recently proposed allocation and quantity disagreement measures. Four land use and land cover classes were mapped, including Eucalyptus plantations, whose area increased from 4.4% to 8.6%. The automatic classification showed a kappa index of 0.79 and 0.80, quantity disagreements of 2% e 3.5% and allocation measures of 5.5% and 5% for 2001 and 2011, respectively. We therefore concluded that the data mining method and landscape ecology metrics were efficient in separating vegetation classes.